...Seminar One Theories Comparison Essay Tammy J. Stratton Abnormal Psychology 311 Mike Taylor Baker Online Theories Comparison Essay The behavioral model is about the concept of learning. “The behavioral perspective is identified with the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1958), the, the discoverer of the conditioned reflex, and the American psychologist John B. Watson (1878–1958), the father of behaviorism”( Rathus, et al., 2006, p.52). Therefore, the way individuals learn can end up having a psychological problem. Individuals who are raised in a harsh, abused, or lack of praise for good behavior can manipulate a person’s behavior. The cognitive model describes the state an individual motion or behavior is in. Aaron T. Beck and Albert Ellis are the founding fathers for the cognitive model. An individual cognitive function is the process of knowing or perceiving in how an individual deals with information. The comparison between the behavioral and cognitive model are similar by the way of learning and how the information is processed. However, the behavioral model can be different depending on the way a person is raised. Therefore, a child raised in a loving environment, praised for good behavior can lead to have normal behavior and normal cognitive functions. In conclusion, the individual is able to process or perceive information better. The contrast is when a child raised in an abusive home, lack of praise and lack of loving parents, the child’s behavior...
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...Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology is a scientific examination of a person’s cognition. It focuses on how we distinguish, learn, and retain information, think, rationale, and respond. There are sub domains of cognitive psychology which are insight, attention, knowledge, memory, idea formation, way of thinking, judgment, choice making, predicament solving, and language dispensation. Perception is how we understand things around us. Attention is how we decide what is significant to us when offered with numerous things. Learning helps to enhance the response that we have to our surroundings. Memory is the capability at which we obtain things. Concept configuration is the ability to systematize our many diverse perceptions. Conclusion, decisions, reasoning, and predicament solving are how we shape the choices that we create and how we believe about the choices that we create. Language insight is how we understand the things we say and hear (Scholarepedia, 2011). Perception is one of the main landmarks of cognitive psychology. Perception is how people deliberately distinguish objects. From a visual point of view insight would include recognizing the form of an object, dimension, and distance away from the person. Perception is how a person gains access to information about the adjacent environment right away (Willingham, 2007). George Berkeley discussed insight as being a fraction of the empiricist versus nativist dispute. Berkeley happened to be an intense empiricist. He...
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...The Theoretical Perspective of the Cognitive Personality Approach Brett Abstract What I as an author am trying to do in this essay is to grab my audiences attention and explain and appeal to them about the theoretical perspective of the Cognitive Personality approach. I provided historical statements, theories, and research to make each individual aspect of the perspective as clear as possible. This essay will consist of the Theoretical perspective of the approach, Theorists who have contributed to this approach, Compare and contrast two theorists perspectives within this approach, Identify and describe measurement and assessment instruments, and Clinical application of the approach. If you believe the saying 'Perception is everything,' then you may well be a cognitivist. Cognitive theory is focused on the individual's thoughts as the determinate of his or her emotions and behaviors and therefore personality (Dasen). Many cognitive theorists believe that without these thought processes, we could have no emotions and no behavior and would therefore not function. In other words, thoughts always come before any feeling and before any action. The theoretical perspective of the Cognitive approach of personality can be simply described as what personality does, but is much more complex than that. Cognitive Psychology revolves around the notion that if we want to know what makes people tick then we need to understand the internal processes of their mind (Dasen). Cognition...
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...The physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses from an individual are likely to experience in response to a newly diagnosed condition with a poor prognosis. Imagine a person newly diagnosed with a poor prognosis and what the person response would be? Prognosis is a medical prediction of the future course of a disease and the chance for recovery.This essay will attempt to discuss responses from four aspects which are physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioral when person diagnosed with a poor prognosis. Essay will identifies response of each aspect and give examples. Identify the most of responses associated with grief. Essay introduces Kubler Ross’s Stage of dying theory and use theory to demonstrate emotional responses. A new diagnosis of life-threatening disease has a broad impact on a person's emotional, cognitive, social, spiritual, and physical well-being (Hill, Muers, Connolly, & Round, 2003) When someone confronts life-threaten illness that exceed coping resources, the reaction from emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physiological is psychological stress. Responses are dependent on wide range of factors, such as the nature of the stressor, individual's physical and emotional capabilities, life experiences, social environment, coping skills, resources, and so on. (N.A. Kasparian.2013) Physical responses depend on disease such as painful, insomnia, headache, tachycardia, hyperventilation, anorexia, and diarrhea and so on. Other responses...
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...Final Exam: Outcomes Assessment Essay Mary Smith July 4, 2010 Dr. Marsha Riggio - Instructor Strayer University Final Exam: Outcomes Assessment Essay Quote #0 – Peter (sample for you, so delete this when done) Psychological Concepts in Quote Peter’s quote describes how his Uncle Tex reacted to learning that he had a terminal illness. This relates to the stages of dying proposed by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross. When Tex first gets the news, he refuses to acknowledge the situation, which corresponds to Kubler-Ross’s stage of “Denial”. Later, Tex becomes very difficult, lashing out at his family, which corresponds to Kubler-Ross’s stage of “Anger”. Thus, Peter’s description of Tex’s experience goes along with the first two of Kubler-Ross’s stages of dying. General Perspective of the Concept Kubler-Ross’s stages of dying theory falls under the general perspective of developmental approaches to psychology. Like several other developmental theories, it is a stage theory. Kubler-Ross proposes that there are five stages to the process of dying: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. This is a true stage theory which holds that persons go through this series of stages in this particular order. At first, the dying person tries to evade the reality of the diagnosis (denial). As the reality of the diagnosis sinks in, the dying person tends to lash out at family and caregivers (anger). Subsequently, the dying person develops the hope that death can...
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...Below is a free essay on "Ob in Action Case Solution" from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. 1. What are your thoughts about the different approaches taken by Starbucks and Domino’s to reduce turnover? Given these strategies, which company will be more effective in the long term? Explain your rationale. The major difference between the strategies of the two organizations is that Starbucks includes higher-than-average starting wages as one tool to fight the turnover battle, while Domino’s takes a different perspective. Domino’s “is willing to try all sorts of tactics to retain hourly employees – except paying them significantly more.” Domino’s CEO David Brandon sees pay increases as “not a long-term solution.” Students will likely disagree. 2. Why do you think a store manager has greater impact on employee turnover than neighborhood demographics, packaging, or marketing? Interpersonal value conflict is often at the core of personality conflicts – a common source of employee turnover. To the extent that Brandon is successful in more selectively hiring managers, coaching, and rewarding (with stock options and promotions) who can effectively address interpersonal value conflicts, lower levels of turnover should result. Additionally, Azjen’s theory of planned behavior suggests additional ways managers can influence the behavior of his or her employees. Managers can influence employee turnover by doing or saying things that affect...
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...Darrell Woodfork BSHS/311- Models of Effective Helping Instructor: Michael Phillips Date: 8/5/2013 Site Visit Essay Paper Site Visit Essay Paper Cognitive behavioral techniques are used during a counseling session in a hospital or office setting by therapist. Although I was unable to do a current Site visit to a human service department of a company to write my report, I do know from my own experience some things pertaining to programs that employ behavioral or genitive intervention and or models. In this paper I will attempt to explore some areas within a cognitive intervention such as: • What population participates in the program? • Who presents the program? • How the effectiveness of the intervention is measured • How do they determine a need for the program? • Do they have plans for other programs that use behavioral models and techniques? • What other models and theories are represented in their programs. As we look into the population of participants, it ranges based on the type of behavior being addressed, intervention and motivation strategies. Last year, when I attended my counseling session, it was held in a group session with different people of all ages. This particular group session addressed issues of anxiety and depression. I quickly learned that many people have issues with anxiety and depression, yet they are hesitant to get counseling to change the behavior. Although...
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...Introduction Socrates’s famous statement “know thyself” gives an explanation for history and connecting with cognitive psychology and all of its’ different areas of study. “The single most important reason to study history is that the present time we are living in cannot be understood without knowing something about the past-how the present came to be” (Goodwin, 2008). We have to understand the first theories and concepts where psychology came to being. How did psychologies’ first pioneers approach and solve the main concerns of their time? People have to recognize psychologies’ “evolving history” (Goodwin, 2008). Knowing psychologies’ history and origins helps us to be aware of complications in the future. To “know thyself” in psychology is to understand psychologies beginnings, strengths, weaknesses, achievement, down falls, disciplines and so much more. This essay will take a look at four key milestones in the development of cognitive psychology. The four key milestones that will be viewed are behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanism and cognitive psychology. Along with the four key milestones this document will also go over the major importance of behavioral observation. Behaviorism Behavior is defined as a way in which on functions in “response to stimulation” (Merriam-Webster, 2012). Founder of behaviorism John B. Watson is well known for his statement “Give me a dozen healthy infants well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee...
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...Activity-Based Management essay Kemps LLC used ABC (Activity Based Costing) model to improve aspects of its organizational structure (Heisinger, 2009 & Anonymous, n. d.). Kemps used it as a resource exercise in assessing its employees through appraising its workers during ... Barco Projection Systems essay This study focuses on Barco Projection Systems as an entity requiring a change in tactics in order to rejuvenate its activities. The study explores the likely marketing options that the company can adopt to rediscover its top position in the ... Changes in an Organisation essay According to Child and Smith (1987), changes in an organisation are an observable turn of events or things in an organisation’s life in terms of carrying out tasks, operational and cognitive actions over a stated time. Organisational changes ... Classical Studies of Leadership essay The classical theories on leadership link the traditional and modern theories of leadership. The classical three theories of leadership are trait theory, behavioral theory and the situational theory. The trait theory This theory originates from ... Classroom Management essay Effective management of classroom is important in creating a favorable learning condition, though sometime attempts to have control over student can go beyond the ethical and legal boundaries (Robert, 2007). Though certain methods have clearly gone ... Communication and Organizational Practices essay Organizational communication...
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...the future holds. Finding inspiration and motivation can be a real challenge when anxious about whether your position will be available tomorrow. It is during these times that management must carefully consider their strategy for keeping employees optimistic and engaged. Planning to survive the recession could have fatal implications if management is too short-sighted. Cutting costs alone will not see the company through the recession without seeing the investment opportunities that exist during these times; the most important of which is the investment in people. Managers at Bain & Company, Home Depot, and Best Buy have taken a variety of steps in the past to build and maintain talent during the recession; utilizing Schwartz’s value theory to keep employees engaged and motivated. According to Schwartz, values “represent broad goals that apply across contexts and time." He proposed that there are ten primary values that guide human behavior: Power, achievement, hedonism, simulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity, and security. Shalom Schwartz, PhD (2012) explains that “values are critical motivators of behaviors and attitudes." Because of this, organizations often create strategy based on one or more these values to influence employee attitudes. Home Depot is aware of the importance of these values; utilizing achievement to boost morale during the recession. Chief Executive Frank Blake lowered hourly...
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...discusses the ways adults learn using behaviorist, cognitive and constructivist lenses to reflect their ways of knowing. I tell how these theories are integrated into my instructional program. There are many lenses for learning that educators use to instruct students. Key elements are the implementation of learning lenses and selection of the processes effective for students. Listening to one’s inner voice is described in Women’s Ways of Knowing. There are five stages as described by Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, Tarule, 1986 p.15. The five stages are silence, received knowledge, subjective knowledge, procedural knowledge and constructed knowledge. Crow and Crow 1963, p. 123, further explain: Learning involves change. It is concerned with the acquisition of habits, knowledge, and attitudes. It enables the individual to make both personal and social adjustments. Since the concept of change is inherent in the concept of learning, any change in behavior implies that learning is taking place or has taken place. Learning that occurs during the process of change can be referred to as the learning process . In education, teachers may contemplate the types of learning theory to use with their students. Can teachers distinguish which process is best for their students? What determines the type of learning theory to use? Can the environment determine this or does a teacher’s philosophy determine the theory? These are questions we, as educators, often ponder...
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...Social-Cognitive and Humanistic Perspectives Jamie Anderson University of Phoenix, Psychology 203 April 11, 2015 Introduction Wilhelm Wundt was a German physiologist who is a founding figure of modern psychology. He was the first who noted psychology as a science and was the first one to call himself a psychologist. After his findings of psychology, those that studied underneath him and learned his teachings took his information and embellished on it. This is where additional theories were developed including the social cognitive and humanistic perspective. The first perspective that I will be discussing is the social cognitive perspective which helps psychologists study personality by combining the interactions of traits, thoughts, and the environment (Boyd, 2015). The second perspective that I will be discussing is the humanistic perspective that also includes humanism and humanist. These are terms in psychology that relate to an approach which studies the whole person and how each person is unique in his or her own way (McLeod, 2012). Both of these perspectives were developed from Wilhelm Wundt’s psychology building blocks, however are quite different in many different ways. In this essay I will discuss what are the main concepts that are found in each perspective, how each perspective is different and what possible limitations each perspective has. Main Concepts Let us start off by looking at the main concepts for both the social cognitive...
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...Reading Response Essay One on the Psychological Perspectives Behavioral and Evolutionary In modern Psychology there are seven main perspectives used to explain human behavior and each of them have their own merits. However, I believe the cognitive perspective is the most accurate and beneficial in examining and explaining human behavior. The cognitive perspective is focuses “on how people think, remember, store, and use information” (Ciccarelli & White, 2015, p. 14). In the simplest terms, the cognitive perspective concentrates on how and why humans think in a certain way, which is what makes humans behave in a particular way. This perspective appears to be the most accurate because the way in which people think alters their behavior. An...
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...Personality Theories Matrix THEORY Psychoanalytic Neo-Freudian Trait Biological Humanistic Behavioral/ Social Cognitive Personality “Self: id, ego, superego, thanatos; defense mechanisms.” Personlaity structureis made up of 3 major systems: the id, the ego and the superego. Each has its own function properties, components, operating principles, and mechanisms, the systems interact so closely with one another that it is difficult to disentangle their effects and state their relative contribution to man’s behavior. Id is the part of the personality system with which a person is born, it is inherited and that is present at birth. It is comprised of urges and desires plus the effects and fixations of early childhood experiences. All memories are kept here. All of the power for the operation of the other two systems and is in close touch with the bodily processes from which it derives its energy. It represents the inner world of subjective experience and has no knowledge of objective reality. Operates on the unconscious level of the human mind. Avoiding pain and obtaining pleasure, the Id has its command two processes the reflex action and the primary process. Attempts to discharge tension by forming a memory mage of an object that will remove the tension. This form of memory image is called wish fulfillment and is the only reality that the Id knows. “I want.” Ego come into existence because the individual needs some type of conscious...
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...Bioloical and psychology essay psy 340 wk 1 individual assignment Biopsychological Essay Biological psychology is combining psychology with biology and studying what kind of impact biology plays in our behavior. In other words, how does the physical brain affect our psychological behavior? It is a biological approach to the study of psychology. This has also been referred to as psychobiology, behavioral biology, or behavioral neuroscience Biopsychology did not develop into a discipline o f its own until the 20th century. While the exact date s not clear, in 1949 the publication of “The Organization of Behavior” by D.O. Hebb. This publication was significant in its emergence in bringing biopsychology to the forefront of study. In this book Hebb's theory was about the complex psychology such as perceptions, emotions, thoughts, and memories might have a strong influence from actual brain activity. Hebb based his theories on experiments of humans and laboratory animals, clinical case studies, logical arguments, and his own observations of daily life. To go back even further, we can look at Aristotle, or Plato. While it may not have been considered as a study of it’s own, we should not forget their early contributions. It is the very beginning of taking a look at the brain as the key to all thoughts, behaviors, and philosophical thoughts. Aristotle looked at the brain in ways that were not yet considered. Opening a new world of psychology or at least...
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