...JFK Essay “History is concerned with neither the past by itself nor with the historian’s thoughts about it by itself, but the two in mutual relations. All history is the history of thought.” Discuss the validity of Collingwood’s view on history, in reference to your case study. The past and the way the historian is able to interpret the past is the true nature of history. Collingwood’s view on history has merit, as it is the combination of the two that constitutes history. This is extremely evident in the variety of interpretations that have emerged through the study of President John F. Kennedy. Three particular historians, Theodore Sorenson, Seymour Hersh and Michael O’Brien, all construct ‘unique’ accounts of JFK’s Presidency particularly in his relations with Khrushchev (1961-1963) and his management of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 to become solid examples of the importance of the historian in creating the history. All search for ‘the truth’ about Kennedy, using a variety of methodologies to come to different conclusions about his presidency. Context is also key in evaluating the both the historian and his work as it is reflected through his aims and purposes. Without a thorough examination of the historian, the history cannot be understood. The historian thus becomes the third element of the construction of history. Theodore Sorenson’s 1965 work, Kennedy argues a consensus view of history, attempting to “glorify” his place within America History. As a close...
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...New Frontier: At his inauguration Kennedy challenged all Americans to reach the “New Frontier.” The name that John F. Kennedy gave to his program for America’s future. Peace Corps: A program established by JFK, one of the most successfully. Thousands of ideologist Americans heated his call and helped JFK. Many became teachers, health care workers, and technicians in less developed countries. Bay of Pigs Invasion: Shortly After JFK was president, he approved the invasion of Cuba by Cuban nationals who wanted to overthrow, Soviet backed, Communist dictator. JFK supported the overthrow as a means of containing the expansion of communism, but when JFK refused to give U.S. air support, the Invasion at the Bay of Pigs was doomed and tuned into political fiasco. JFK aimed to rally the Cubans and hoped they would want Independence and fight. However, the result was rather disappointing, when JFK refused to give air support, it made them angry....
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...Every President the United States has all had their own issues when they’re serving their term, but 2 in particular stand out. Franklin D Roosevelt had the country looking to him for direction right away after being felt threatened from the Pearl Harbor attack. His decision could teater which way the United States would go. Also John F. Kennedy had a crisis of his own. His term took place during the Cold War. He too had a crucial choice to make of whether to use nuclear weapons that could potentially destroy the world or some other strategy to win the war. With all this going on both of them made impactive and widely interpreted speeches. The 2 campaigns were brought up with have the same general background. They both based their decisions...
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...Brookline, Massachusetts. He served as a U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate before becoming the 35th president in 1961. He did everything in his power to help the United States but there were a few that made a big impact. John Fitzgerald Kennedy revolutionized America by fighting for everyone’s rights, showed his passion through his work and made big impacting decisions in the Cold War. No obvious civil rights legislation was signed by Kennedy. However, Kennedy did have a major input into civil rights history. He promised in his campaign speeches to act fast on Civil Rights for African Americans. And quote “The rights of every man are diminished when the rights of one man are threatened,” (Kennedy) just shows that if just one man’s freedom is taking away everybody else’s might also be taken. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. Also appointed unprecedented numbers of African Americans to high-level positions in the administration and...
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...JFK documentary and information specials explore JFK anniversary JFK documentary and information specials are among the crop of TV commemorations pegged to this half-century mark of a weekend when, as viewers will be reminded again and again, everything changed. By Frazier Moore, Associated Press / November 8, 2013 Caroline Kennedy gets a piggy-back ride from her father, Sen. John F. Kennedy, in Hyannis Port, Mass, Nov. 1960. It was the first chance in weeks Kennedy has had to relax with his daughter during his presidential campaign. AP/File . Enlarge -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Don't let it be forgot," goes the plaintive song from "Camelot." Related stories How much do you know about President John F. Kennedy? Take our quiz. John F. Kennedy assassination: Did the Secret Service agent do it? Caroline Kennedy and Kennedy clan celebrate JFK anniversary with Irish . The Christian Science Monitor Weekly Digital Edition It won't be, at least not on TV, where the 50th anniversary of President John F. Kennedy's assassination and the end of an era posthumously christened Camelot, is being remembered this month. More than a dozen new documentary and information specials are among the crop of TV commemorations pegged to this half-century mark of a weekend when, as viewers will be reminded again and again, everything changed. RECOMMENDED: How much do you know about President...
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...Experts have rejected it as "ridiculous" and "contrived," the conspiracy theory was central to Oliver Stone's film. • Right Wing Extremists o Things were bitterly partisan back in 1963. Dallas, in particular, had a lot of right-wing extremists, who tended to view JFK as a Communist sympathizer. The day before the motorcade, the Dallas Morning printed a full-page advertisement, placed by the local branch of the far-right John Birch Society and paid for by Texas oilmen, that accused him of abandoning the Monroe Doctrine in favor of "the spirit of Moscow. It's no wonder that many suspected that Dallas right-wingers had something to do with JFK's murder, even though Oswald was a self-proclaimed Marxist. • LBJ Orchestrated in the Assassination o It's no secret that JFK and Lyndon B. Johnson weren't particularly fond of one another, and some conspiracy theorists have argued that LBJ may have decided to beat Kennedy in the reelection by arranging for him to be murdered when he Dallas, Texas. In a 2011 book, author Joseph Farrell suggested that Johnson acted with powerful Texas oilmen who feared that JFK would end the oil depletion allowance, which was their tax...
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...connections between them. Four areas of immediate concern, in reverse order, are Osama Bin Laden, the Israeli Mossad, the CIA, the Holocaust. A fifth is the racism in the US judicial system, going back to the Civil war and to the foundation of the US. As a backdrop to all of this is work I have done using Joseph Campbell's series on Mythology with Bill Moyers, specifically, the Isis/Horus/Osiris myth predating the Mary/Jesus/God myth. Intertwined with this is Nietzsche's Anti-Christ, a work which I wish you had taught when you had the chance at WVSC. Many books have led me to many conclusions that you may or may not be aware of. The one you wanted the title of the last time we talked seriously is: Was the CIA involved in the JFK assassination? by Mark Lane. It has the info about how the CIA tried to kill Fidel Castro that you referred to once in class, except it was his wife, not a 16 year old, that was going to poison him. The CIA had told her he was cheating on her. Mark Lane is an attorney who managed Kennedy's New York campaign in 1960 when he was running for President. He is still alive in Virginia, in Charlottesville. You can find his address with 411locate.com. Amazingly, it turns out that the US hired 1000s of SS/Gestapo after the World War to spy in the USSR. Allen Dulles was responsible and the Vatican helped smuggle these Nazis into the US, saying that they were not Nazis, just extremely anti-communist. There are two books: The General...
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...Case #3 Jet Blue Airways A Cadre of New Managers Takes Control Strategic Management BUS 599 051*VA016*1122*001 Dr. Russell Handlon January 15, 2012 Case 3: Jet Blue Airways Question 1 Discuss the trends in the U.S. airline industry and how these trends might impact a company’s strategy. The trends in the United States airline industry is high prices on gas, oil, maintenance, risks of terrorism, and less travelers flying rather its for personal or business. When these things happen it costs the airlines to make some changing by charging customers for checking their luggage, food, pillows, blankets, and leisure entertainment in order to meet the high spending cost of the airline business. Some airlines had to change their flight schedule to meet the needs of the customers during high peak time in popular vacation spots or other locations customers like to fly too by charges them lower fares. Some airlines have is shortage of pilots because the school of flying does not have enough instructors to train new pilots (Thompson, Strickland, & Gamble, 2010). Question 2 Discuss Jet Blue’s strategic intent. The founder of JetBlue Airway is David Neeleman, he wants to “bring humanity back to air travel.” Mr. Neeleman announced JetBlue’s “Passenger Bill of Right” is a policy for United States airline companies regarding vouchers, refunds in case of delays, cancellations, and other inconveniences (Thompson, Strickland, & Gamble, 2010). JetBlue Airways exists to...
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...instance Linda Brown, a third-grader in Topeka, Kansas, had to travel a mile to get to her black elementary school, even though there was a white school only seven blocks away. Linda's father, Oliver, once tried to enlist Linda into the white school but the principal refused. Oliver then contacted William Everett Glenn, Sr., a Topeka attorney and Mckinley Burnett, the head of the Topeka NAACP branch, about his concerns regarding "separate but equal policies" of Topeka schools. The separate but equal doctrine came about in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson which stated that having blacks and whites in separate equal facilities did not violate the Equal Protection Clause. On May 17, 1954 the United States Supreme Court decided unanimously that The Board of Education acted unconstitutionally and that they violated the 14th Amendment by separated children if for no other reason than for their race. Webber, Andrew "Brown v. Board of Education about the case" [online] available http://brownvboard.org/summary/ The unanimous court decision announced by Chief Justice Earl Warren was the turning point in the struggle to eradicate all forms of racial segregation. 4 2. The Watergate Incident is one of the most controversial acts of corruption in American History. “The Watergate Tapes” (or Nixon Tapes). These tapes were a set of recordings between President Richard Nixon and many Government Officials such as White House Counsel- John Dean. The discovery that Nixon had misused...
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...(Candidate Number: 006362 – 0036) How did Fidel Castro affect the relations between both the USA and the USSR? IB History Internal Assessment Centre Number: 6362 Doha British School Plan of Investigation Summary of Evidence Evaluation of Source Analysis Conclusion Contents A. Plan of Investigation 2 B. Summary of Evidence 3 C. Evaluation of Sources 5 Section D: Analysis 7 Section E: Conclusion 8 Bibliography (Written Sources) 9 Bibliography (Non-Written sources) 9 A. Plan of Investigation This study will seek to answer the question of how Fidel Castro affected the relations between the US and the USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis. I chose this question because I’ve always had a passion for learning about the Cold War, especially the Cuban perspective of the whole situation. With this in mind, this is why I found the topic relevant, as the whole incident has been a standing point in time representing the effects of unstable relations in times of nuclear crisis. In order to answer...
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...JFK Assassination: Are the Conspiracies Accurate? In 1976, the US Senate ordered a fresh inquiry into the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, who was murdered in 1963 during a motorcade in Dallas, Texas while campaigning for re-election. People who had been involved in the original Warren Commission investigations were asked to make fresh statements. The FBI and the CIA were persuaded to release more of their documents on Oswald. New lines of inquiry were opened and individuals who had not previously given evidence were persuaded to come forward. Most important of all, pieces of evidence such as photos and sound recordings were subjected to scientific analysis using the most up-to-date methods and equipment. The House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) completed their investigation in 1979 and they finally came to a discrete verdict that Lee Harvey Oswald fired three shots at Kennedy, one of which killed the president. A fourth shot was fired from the grassy knoll, which was contradictory to the statement printed by the Warren Commission 16 years earlier. However, the HSCA could not determine who the second gunman was, and how he was in relation to Oswald. If the Warren Committee had been thorough and not corrupt the first time, the second investigation would never have been necessary. However, because of government negligence and corruption, we still to this day do not know who really killed President Kennedy. The public became more interested in the...
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...Presidency started in 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, where he was born as the second son of Joseph and Rose Kennedy. The Kennedy family was reach, Joseph Kennedy was successful businessman, Rose’s father, John Fitzgerald, was the mayor of Boston.(Ratma, 2002) Both Joseph and Rose expected from their children to achieve a lot, especially from sons. Parents believed that all citizens should serve their country and being politician is the most honorable way of doing that. They pay attention to education and they can afford for sending their children to the best elite schools. At the age of thirteen John F. Kennedy (called JFK) was sent to the Catholic school for boys located fifty miles away from home. He had to deal with loneliness and homesick, this experience from childhood strengthened him and helped to shape his future character. From a childhood JFK suffered from different...
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...Rebecca Lipschitz Victoria Allen PSCI 213 December 3, 2015 LBJ and the CRA The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which happened over 50 years ago, is not something my generation probably thinks of as a big deal. We all just assume that every man, woman, and child is endowed with equal rights and it is a crazy notion to suggest otherwise. However in the spring of 1964 not every man was considered equal, especially in the south. However, at the same time, a movement was building to codify equal rights spearheaded by Lyndon B. Johnson. Of course there were so many individuals and factors involved in the passage of the bill, however, in this paper I will focus mainly on LBJ and his contribution to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Although the initial bill was brought before Congress during JFK’s presidency, his assassination led to Johnson successfully shepherding the bill to passage. Johnson’s success can be attributed to his headstrong endurance, long time relationships with members of Congress, and the policy window due to the death of President Kennedy that finally got the legislation passed. In order to fully examine and give context to Johnson’s struggle for passage of this important bill, this paper will also touch upon who LBJ was before his presidency and what the Civil Rights Act of 1964 did for him, his perception, and his presidency. Lyndon Baines Johnson really got his start in government when he entered the Senate in 1949. Johnson had been a Representative to Texas’ 10th...
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...The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Assignment 1 Sheba James Dr. Tayo Penosen Strayer University Contemporary International Problems 300 January 29, 2015 “A View From The Outside Looking In” Lyndon B. Johnson was elected the 37th Vice President of the United States in 1960 and became president on November 22, 1963 aboard Air Force One following the assassination of then-President John F. Kennedy. Kennedy was said to have added Johnson to his ticket to ensure Southern votes, and that may have been the thought, but in reality the right man inherited this great undertaking. During his initial administrative tenure under President Kennedy, Vice President Johnson endorsed the Kennedy doctrine of Vietnam. Oversaw the equal opportunity programs for minorities, and headed the space programs; all while spearheading the negotiations of the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963 with the Soviet Union which became the first arms control agreement (Peters and Woolley, 1999-2015, & Bio,2015). With most doctrines, they are started by one president and finished by his successor and Johnson did what was expected. What wasn't expected was the fury in which he led each endeavor. On January 20, 1965 Lyndon B. Johnson began his first term as the elected President of the United States; holding true to his oath, he picked up where Kennedy left off. Moreover, he put out some doctrines of his own; the passage of the Medicaid and Medicare acts, and voting rights for minorities. In 1965, Johnson...
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... BERNATH LECTURE The New International History of the Cold War: Three (Possible) Paradigms* The Cold War is not what it once was. Not only has the conflict itself been written about in the past tense for more than a decade, but historians’ certainties about the character of the conflict have also begun to blur. The concerns brought on by trends of the past decade – such trifles as globalization, weapons proliferation, and ethnic warfare – have made even old strategy buffs question the degree to which the Cold War ought to be put at the center of the history of the late twentieth century. In this article I will try to show how some people within our field are attempting to meet such queries by reconceptualizing the Cold War as part of contemporary international history. My emphasis will be on issues connecting the Cold War – defined as a political conflict between two power blocs – and some areas of investigation that in my opinion hold much promise for reformulating our views of that conflict, blithely summed up as ideology, technology, and the Third World. I have called this lecture “Three (Possible) Paradigms” not just to avoid making too presumptuous an impression on the audience but also to indicate that my use of the term “paradigm” is slightly different from the one most people have taken over from Thomas Kuhn’s work on scientific revolutions. In the history of science, a paradigm has come to mean a comprehensive explanation, a kind of scientific “level”...
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