...1. Why has NASA sent recent orbiters to Mars (such as Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) on trajectories that required them to skim through Mars's atmosphere before settling into their final orbits? | | It saves money because the spacecraft uses atmospheric drag to slow down rather than needing to carry enough fuel to slow by firing rocket engines. | | | Each spacecraft also carried a lander, and the lander could only be dropped to the Martian surface when the spacecraft passed through the atmosphere. | | | It allowed the spacecraft to collect samples of the atmospheric gas for return to Earth. | | | It allowed the orbiters to get higher resolution pictures of the surface as it came close when skimming through the atmosphere. | 2 points QUESTION 2 1. Why was it advantageous for the Voyager mission to consist of flybys rather than orbiters? | | It was easier for data to be radioed back to Earth with flybys than orbiters. | | | Each individual spacecraft was able to visit more than one planet. | | | Spacecraft making flybys can return to Earth more quickly than orbiters. | | | Flyby spacecraft can get closer to a planet than an orbiting spacecraft. | 2 points QUESTION 3 1. Which of the following statements about the recently-discovered object Eris is not true? | | It orbits the Sun in the same direction as the other planets. | | | It lies well beyond Pluto and Neptune. | | | It is thought to be the first example...
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...Halley’s Comet *Halley’s Comet is a comet that appears in the sky about every 76 years *Halley’s Comet has become the best-known comet because it returns more often than most comets and usually be seen without the aid of a telescope *Halley’s Comet orbits the Sun in a long oval path that brings it close to the Sun about every 76 years *Halley’s Comet was named for the English astronomer Edmond Halley *Astronomers expect the Halley’s Comet next return in 2061 When the comet goes back in space *as a comet gets farther away from the Sun it gets colder *when it gets colder not as much ice melts and not as much gas and dust is released then the head and tail start to shrink *After a while the comet freezes until it gets closer to the Sun Ancient times *Comets are ancient remains of ice and dust left over after the planets formed *in ancient times they believed a comet was a bad sign and that disease, wars and other disasters would follow *Ancient Britons believed they had a good reason to fear the comet that appeared in 1066 *in 1066 Britain was invaded by the French, the French killed the British ruler King Harold *People in ancient times believed that comets were “long-haired” stars How comets change when close to Sun *1st the Sun’s heat warms the outer surface of the comet and melts some of its ice *2nd the ice changes into gas and forms a cloud around the nucleus, at the same time dust that was frozen in the ice is released in the gas *3rd the cloud of gas and...
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...Mars) before finally reaching the comet. On arrival at 67P Rosetta will enter orbit around the comet and stay with it as it journeys in towards the Sun. MILESTONES: To study the origin of comets, the relationship between cometary and interstellar material, and its implications with regard to the origin of the Solar System. The measurements to be made to achieve this are: Global characterisation of the nucleus, determination of dynamic properties, surface morphology and composition. Determination of the chemical, mineralogical and isotopic compositions of volatiles and refractories in a cometary nucleus. Determination of the physical properties and interrelation of volatiles and refractories in a cometary nucleus. Study of the development of cometary activity and the processes in the surface layer of the nucleus and the inner coma (dust/gas interaction); Global characterisation of asteroids, including determination of dynamic properties, surface morphology and composition. Comets are important to study -- because their ice probably contains the same molecules present at the start of the solar system -- and also difficult to land on, because of their speed. The comet that Philae landed on is traveling around the sun at about 84,000 miles per hour. Even though it's only about 300 million miles away, the probe traveled about 4 billion miles to reach it, slingshotting around the Earth three times to build up speed. As the comet approaches the sun (with Rosetta...
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...At first glance Discover magazine appears to be a scientific magazine comparable to Popular Science or Wired. Discover magazine does have information pertaining to the scientific community, but it is more than just single subject topics like electronics or biology. Discover magazine entices and educates its readers on latest technologies and breakthroughs within the entire scientific community not just one aspect of it. The scientific community is broad term used to describe those that are interested in one of the hundreds of scientific fields such as astronomy, computers, or health care to name a few. The magazine is geared toward all those interested in the scientific community with articles on subjects such as astronomy, chemistry, biology, technology, medicine, and more. Discover magazine contains articles that explain how these new scientific breakthroughs pertain to one on a day to day basis and how they will impact the future of the world. In a single issue of Discover magazine you are likely to read about topics such as medicine, asteroids, global warming, and animals. They colorful colors and photographs on the cover and in the magazine would lead one to believe that Discover magazine is a typical grocery store check-out lane item, however upon closer inspection one would note that it contains articles written by those that have advance degrees in science and Nobel Prize winners. In the October 2015 issue of Discover magazine there is a lengthy article about...
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...participating in or watching certain sports. Through these similarities people are able to bond and can even create friendships. The tiniest conversation starter, such as how good the Yankees are at baseball, can form a strong friendship between friends. Some friends come and go, but others never leave your side, and influence your life in such a positive manner, and you begin to realize that you have made a friend for life. In my case, a skateboard helped change my life for the better. I grew up in Montclair, New Jersey, a relatively safe town where a pre-teen could walk or bike around town during the day and not encounter any problems. There was always somewhere to go or something to do, so I took advantage of that, especially during my summer vacations. The summer between 6th and 7th grade was definitely one I will never forget. It was a hot day in July when I was roaming the streets with an old friend of mine, Kris, when we ran into some kids we knew from our school. With these friends of ours was someone who I had never met. He was holding a skateboard in his hands, and skating had always been something I wanted to try, so I approached him and introduced myself, hoping to segue into the topic of skateboarding, but instead was completely ignored! I tried again to talk to him, but he continued to ignore me. It was my first time meeting this kid and he already wanted nothing to do with me. I decided to not even try again, so I walked away and continued speaking to my other friends...
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...Eric Factor WRT205 Critical Summary In the text Boy Culture: An Encyclopedia, there is a specific segment dedicated to the skateboarding movement. Unsurprisingly, this portion of the encyclopedia is located under the “Bad’ Boys” section of the text. This “Bad boy” image of skaters and skating culture is the commonplace outsiders’ perspective on skateboarders. However, as the encyclopedia discusses, skating is a means of self-expression, individuality, and freedom (225). The origins of the skateboarding movement was very much a cry for deviance from restrictive societal norms. This is evidenced heavily by the flashpoint I chose, which states, “For skateboarders, skate culture is a location of difference, an alternative to dominant demands that adolescent boys, as exemplified by “jocks,” should overvalue competition, physical dominance, and emotional repression.” (225). Deviance from societal youth norms has always been an instrumental factor in the skating movement. As for why the authors included this text in their encyclopedia, the answer is clear. Examining and analyzing the history and trends in youth culture would be incomplete without taking into account the effect that the skating movement has had. Similarly, this text holds interest to me first because I feel that the skating movement is a perfect example of social deviance for this class, and the discussions which we hold within it. The way the material is presented allows me to examine the roots of this deviance...
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...Southern University Type of website I will design base on BMX and Skateboard for orphanages across United the States. The audience that I want to attract will be all ages of youth and young adolescent that want to donate old bicycle parts and skateboards, which can be refurbished. Millions of children are in foster care, group homes and orphanages without any family guide and left alone in the system. Most families in low income cannot afford to offer bikes or skateboards for their children. If you have and old bike that you do not want or old skateboard that in your way or want donate it to On the Go BMX and Skateboard for kids. First goal to get people too donated their bikes, skateboard and gear to the children. Second goal to established volunteers and people to sign up and volunteer their time to help build bikes, skateboards and offer free lesson in the area of their town or city. Third goal would like my website to offer awareness about our cities that need more volunteer to help with young adolescent that are raise within the system without any role models. Our devotion to the youth well help organization ON THE GO BMX and SKATEBOARD grow across the United States. Have my picture of people working on bikes and skateboard posted on my website so other people can see how the organization helping the youth. Dreamweaver will be the designed tool I will use to build my website. ON THE GO BMX AND SKATEBOARD will be my domain name that I will use. Assignment 2 1. Keep...
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...they are and different kinds of brands that sctboaring has created. The first ever skateboard was made in 1956. The birthplace of the very first one is unknown but they were sold first in California. The reason why they were so popular was because surfing became very big in the 1950’s and California was filled with them. It was very hard to get around because there were so many of them and most had cars and nobody was getting anywhere very fast. At first people thought they were crazy riding on a board with wheels but after a couple of years everybody wanted one. A couple years pass and a new kind of shoe was made for skateboards and they were called Van’s. These shoes are still popular in 2018 but back then everybody had a pair of Van’s They were almost like they would be attracted to you everywhere you went. After a while skateboards had changed and there where different kinds of skateboards and...
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...Running Head: CULTURAL AWARENESS: SKATEBOARDING Cultural Awareness: Skateboarding in Ada County In APA Style Aaron Ortega Boise State University I have selected to write the essay on the ever-changing culture of skateboarding. I have chosen this culture because I have seen the way that skateboarding and skateboarders has been viewed and perceived by our society change time after time with the changing generations. I have not only witnessed it myself, but in both research of the past and present history of the sport and culture there has been a 180 degree spin on the way that the culture is viewed. Skateboarding dates all the way back to the 1950’s. Its origin comes from Californian surfers that wanted to turn the streets into waves. The first boards were simply wooden boards with roller skate wheels mounted on the bottom of them. In 1963, there were some of the first competitions for skateboarding, hosted by some of the big name brands that are still around today, like Hobie. One of the most known stories of skateboarding will forever hold one of the most influential times of the whole realm of skateboarding, was the story of Dogtown and the Z Boys. (Cave, 2008) That is a very brief explanation of the origin of skateboarding, but back in those days it was an extremely rebellious sport for kids to be involved in. Skateboarders had the stereotype of being trouble makers and losers. It was a stereotype that...
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...Therefore, skateboarding is often treated as a type of transportation tool. At Cal Poly Pomona, skateboarding along with other coasting devices become increasingly popular for students as an alternative means of transportation, but at the same time, they appear to the decision makers as a target for policy actions. Under current school policy, coasting transportation is prohibited at Cal Poly Pomona. In other words, students and staffs who ride skateboard, scooter and other coasting devices on campus will be warned or even ticketed by university police officers. However, a lot of students do not...
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...Do you ever hold yourself back from doing something new? Do you fear how you will react or how others will react towards you? Yous should not be afraid to try something new, you never know if you will like it or not. Plunge into the darkness and reemerge with a light. Go outside your comfort zone. First off, I have wanted to learn how to skateboard since I was young, but I have always put it off in fear of getting hurt or how others will make fun of me for not knowing how to do it. Fast forward to now, I have a brand new skateboard and the will to learn no matter what. I am persistent on learning even with the fear of breaking a bone. There is no gain, without pain. It will take years to learn, but I will get there eventually. Secondly,...
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...body in orbit around the sun. The orbits of some asteroids take them across the paths of the planets. Asteroids are smaller than a planet but larger than a meteoroid, which is a small interplanetary object also in orbit around the Sun. If a portion of a meteoroid or other object survives the entry through the Earth’s atmosphere and reaches the Earth’s surface it is referred to as a meteorite. A meteor, also known as a shooting star, is a streak of light produced by a meteoroid that burns away in the Earth’s atmosphere. When their orbit brings them close to the sun, gigantic balls of ice and rock or comets, form a tail of dust and gas while being heated by the Sun’s rays. Scientists believe that the extinction of dinosaurs, nearly 66 million years ago, was the result of a large meteorite striking what today is Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula. In 1908, a fragment of an asteroid or comet exploded in Earth’s atmosphere above Tunguska, Russia. The “Tunguska event”, the blast caused by the explosion, knocked down an estimated 80 million trees over 830 square miles. On February 15, 2013, just 3,000 miles west of Tunguska in western Siberia, a 10 ton meteor entered the Earth’s atmosphere. The meteor exploded with the force of an atomic bomb....
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...Karina Almost 1,000 people were injured when a meteor shot across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Friday, sending fireballs crashing to Earth, shattering windows and damaging buildings. Definition : Small pieces of space debris — usually parts of comets or asteroids — that are on a collision course with the Earth are called meteoroids. They become meteors when they enter the Earth's atmosphere. Most meteors burn up in the atmosphere, but if they survive the frictional heating and strike the surface of the Earth they are called meteorites. The site of Friday's spectacular show is about 5,000 kilometres west of Tunguska, which in 1908 was the site of the largest recorded explosion of a space object plunging to Earth. That blast, attributed to a comet or asteroid fragment, is generally estimated to have been about 10 megatons; it levelled some 80 million trees. The meteor — estimated to be about 10 tons — entered the Earth's atmosphere at a hypersonic speed of at least 54,000 kph and shattered about 30-50 kilometres above the ground. Chelyabinsk city authorities urged people to stay indoors unless they needed to pick up their children from schools and kindergartens. They said what sounded like a blast had been heard at an altitude of 10,000 metres. Yana The explosions broke an estimated 100,000 square meters of glass. 985 people had asked for medical assistance. The Interfax news agency quoted that 43 people were hospitalized. A fireball blazed across the...
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...all the asteroids is less than that of Earth's moon. But despite their size, asteroids can be dangerous. Many have hit Earth in the past, and more will crash into our planet in the future. That's one reason scientists study asteroids and are eager to learn more about their numbers, orbits and physical characteristics. Most asteroids lie in a vast ring between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The main asteroid belt holds more than 200 asteroids larger than 60 miles long. Nearly all asteroids are irregularly shaped, although a few are nearly spherical. A comet is an icy body that releases gas or dust. They are often compared to dirty snowballs, though recent research has led some scientists to call them snowy dirtballs. Comets contain dust, ice, carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane and more. Astronomers think comets are leftovers from the gas, dust, ice and rocks that initially formed the solar system about 4.6 billion years ago. Comets orbit the sun but are believed to be located in an area called the Oort Cloud, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Meteorites vary in size from a few millimetres across to several feet in diameter. Meteorites are rarely round in shape. They are typically irregular, with rounded edges. The surface of a freshly fallen meteorite will appear black and shiny due to the presence of a fusion crust, the result of frictional heating and abrasion of the outer surface of the rock as it passes through the Earth's atmosphere. Most meteorites are believed to originate in...
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...Street Life Being a skateboarder, people often think my favorite place to be isa skatepark. But the skateparks were meant to be skates the way they were built. Skateboarding is about displaying your uniqueness. To truly skate like no other person, you have to hit the streets! Being out on the road, scoping for spots, is half the fun of skateboarding. Checking benches, rails, stairs, and gaps for skate-ability opens up your mind to what tricks could be done there. Simple things like how much runway, or space, you have to do your trick, could affect the final result of your trick. For example, if there's a bench near a wall, there's a possibility that a grinding trick could end with a wall ride variation. In the past, people would not have thought it was possible, but because someone along the way looked at the obstacle differently, skateboarding evolved. All it takes is the imagination of a skateboarder who wants to step up his skateboarding game. When skaters go to the streets, it's usually because they have a trick in mind at a certain spot. To the skater, that trick he or she chose, is beautiful. Until that trick is done, the skater will hate or resent the spot. But once the trick is landed, the skater will always look back at the spot and remember the beauty he created there, making that one of of his favorite places. Skateboarders' minds think about everything through a skateboarding prospective. Spots are the biggest part of skating, and there's always more than...
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