...The Weaknesses and Strengths of Common Sense and Science as Sources of Knowledge There are many sources of knowledge as the society progresses. In this case, the most controversial question would be whether or not common sense can be accounted as a reliable source of knowledge? Although both common sense and science can be taken into account as sources of knowledge, I will argue that to some extent common sense and scientific knowledge are still very different from one another. That is, scientific knowledge is much more highly valued and reliable than common sense. By definition, common sense is a knowledge that is developed from daily basis, and is primarily based on the viewer’s observation, while scientific knowledge is generated from a constant formal of testing in the real world. In this essay, I will discuss the weaknesses and strengths of common sense and scientific knowledge and defend my position for why scientific knowledge is generally regarded as more reliable and authoritative than common sense. In this section, I will discuss the main strengths of common sense and science. Arthur E. Murphy, an American philosopher, believed that the ability to learn by experience is the most fundamental factor in our intellectual progress. On one hand, namely, common sense is both common and sensible. That is, common sense beliefs can be easily observed by individuals and it is rather comprehensible. Science, on the other hand, uses a rational methodology. Also, along with...
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...Discussion Questions Environmental Collaboration RPTS 609 Edward Abbey – “Society is like a stew. If you don't stir it up every once in a while then a layer of scum floats to the top” Advocacy Questions: 1) In regards to your advocacy paper, what were your advocacy group’s mission/key initiatives? What made them successful in fulfilling their mission? 2) Have you ever been a part of an advocacy/non-profit group? If so why did you join? Overcoming Locally Based Collaboration Constraints (Margerum) 1) What was the purpose of this study? 2) What are some positive attributes associated with Localism? 3) What are the five collaboration constraints associated with localism? Are these constraints limited to localism? Do they outweigh the benefits of Localism or grass-root programs? 4) How does the Nested Collaboration Model of the Rogue Basin address these constraints? Making It Work: Keys to Successful Collaboration in Natural Resource Management (Schuett, Selin, & Carr) 1) What are the six categories that emerged in successful collaboration? How do these categories rely on the stakeholders involved in collaboration? 2) Are there any limitations to the methods used in the study? Is there anything you would change? 3) In both articles by Margerum and Schuett, success is based on qualitative interpretation. Is this a good way to measure success? Are there other ways that we ought to measure success? Is This the Course You Want to Be...
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...In 1968 ecologist, Garrett Hardin, wrote The Tragedy of the Commons. The arguments that he made have been used This publication became a key argument for the privatization of shared or public recourses. Hardin uses an allegory of a shared pasture in a medieval peasant village to convey his message on self sabotage actions. He comes to the conclusion that the tragedy of the common is inevitable. In The Tragedy of the Commons, Garret Hardin asks his readers to, "picture a pasture open to all" (Hardin 1968, pg 1244). In this shared pasture, he argues that each peasant acting in their own interest would send as many cows to graze their as they could. So many cows would be sent to graze in that pasture that the land would be inevitably destroyed....
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...concepts introduced in earlier chapters. Marc and Craig begin by taking the simplest example of raising a few thousand dollars and move on to greater feats like raising over a billion dollars to help victims of natural disasters. The authors begin by describing a school in Toronto that has dozens of obstacles that it faces on a daily basis. Among those issues are racial tension, frequent violence and gang problems. The authors described this school as a type of school that was thought of as “needing help rather than giving it.” The authors describe how the student body was inspired by a speaker from Free the Children and ended up raising over $30,000 to help several causes in Africa. The authors then begin talking about the “tragedy of the commons” and truly begin hitting on their point of UNITY. Through several concise examples readers learn how working together for the greater good is much more effective than simply working alone. Continuing with the theme of unity, the authors talk about an issue that hits very close to home for me; family values. I have written extensively in prior assignments about my close relationship with my family and I’m very glad to see that Marc and Craig hold similar views on this issue. The whole philosophy of Me to We begins at a very young age and a tight-knit family is a key element that harbors a vibrant...
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...worked with YWCA administrators to research and develop a successful three-year funding proposal that greatly expands supportive services and facilities for women in the program. Prior to the expansion, staff offices and program locations were spread out over seven floors, with staff available mostly on weekdays during office hours. Now services are consolidated on one floor with a friendly, convenient “drop-in” center approach for residents. Supportive service staff are available around-the-clock to help residents achieve their goals, and to improve building safety and security. PSC continues to work with the Resident Council to refine the new program design, and coordinates meetings of the peer recovery program in partnership with the Commons at Grant and YMCA supportive housing...
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... project plan 5.0 6 project plan 5.1 6 project MILESTONES AND DEADLINES 5.2 7 WHAT COULD GO WRONG 5.3 7 MAINTAINENCE 6.0 8 WEBSITE MAINTAINENCE AND DEVELOPMENT 6.1 8 POST MAINTAINENCE 6.2 9 conclusion 7.0 9 bibliography 10 Mission Statement Kennesaw State University Dining Facility, Commons is to provide students, faculty, and staff with quality food and services. This is accomplished by practicing creative menu development, ensuring a friendly environment, incorporating variety, and convenience. Executive Summary The Commons at Kennesaw State University is very popular and has a meal plan that is required by all students with the exception of seniors. ……………………. It would be in the best interest of Kennesaw State University to fix this problem with the university growing rapidly. In addition to the meal plan already in place, another reason to improve the Commons is due to the upcoming football team in 2015. There will be an influx in newly recruited athletes at KSU. We are designing a smartphone application to help the university’s Culinary Department to become more efficient. Also, we have chosen to improve the Commons of Kennesaw State University and would like to implement an up-to-date menu, incorporate social...
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...Within knowledge creation theories two types of knowledge are usually defined; explicit and tacit knowledge (Nonaka, 1994; Brown & Duguid 1998; Wellman, 2009). Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) proposed a dynamic model of knowledge creation, which is anchored on the critical assumption that human knowledge is created and expanded through social interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge. This Nonaka’s ‘SECI model’ (Socialisation, Externalisation, Compination, Internalisation) is based on the notion of tacit and explicit knowledge as convertible elements (Nonaka 1994, Nonaka & Takeuchi 1995). Here the explicit knowledge refers to codified knowledge that can be expressed in words, sentences, numbers or formulas which are context free. It may include...
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...Actions done by reason of ignorance Every action one proceeds in doing will always have its consequences whether they are good out bad. All actions are governed by two main categories: voluntary and involuntary. It is through these two categories can one determine where the responsibility of the action lies and what is the proper outcome that the person who performs the action should receive. As Aristotle has mentioned, if the act is voluntary one should be praised or blamed, but should be given reason to be pardoned and sometimes even forgiveness if involuntary. However, what can be said about action done out of ignorance? It seems that some actions can be blame on the person who acted and others cannot. The following essay will discuss the concerns on when one is blameworthy for their action and when one is not. An action performed out of ignorance is, as it said, a deed that one carries out unknowingly or not understanding/given complete information of the situation. An example of that would be, if Anne was driving on a highway and a person, Carl, jump out of nowhere. Anne hits Carl and kills him. Anne cannot be blame for killing Carl because Carl had no reason to be there and Anne had no idea if she had continued down the highway she would have killed someone. Of course one could argue that driving can be considered a dangerous act to begin with and that Anne should have been aware of the consequence that might transpire. In spite of this, Anne still should not be blame...
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...Knowledge is power. What does this mean? How would knowledge grant power? Whenever information is presented to us, our brains goes through a procedure on how to take in such information. Our backgrounds, cultures, experiences, and biases are all touched upon when absorbing new ideas. The most important thing is to be educated in every aspect in order to judge things presented to us from an objective view. Throughout the course of Core, a plethora of topics were presented by people of different backgrounds, various cultures, and most distinctively, contrasting perspectives. By doing so, an array of information driven by diversity and variation backed by analysis and detail helps students view the world around them with a new lens. Of the many...
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... Ill feelings towards someone. * Everyone experiences envy, when we see people with something we want or at a place in society where we wish we were. * Ignorance is the lack of knowledge about something that is commonly known. * Emerson is saying that when you ‘envy’ someone- or harbor ill feelings towards them-for their success or possessions, you lack common knowledge. * Envy is truly ignorance. * When you envy someone you are ignorant of your blessings. * When you desire to be like someone else you are denying your own potential * We are our own self and we must work hard to bring about our own qualities instead of coveting another’s. Essay- Draft Envy is harboring ill feelings towards someone because of their success or possessions. Most of us experience envy in our lives. We covet the success and possessions of others and secretly wish for their downfall. Ignorance is the lack of knowledge about something that is commonly known. We are known as being ignorant if we lack basic computer skills or can’t work a phone. Ignorance is a word often associated with envy. Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote that “Envy is Ignorance”. What he means is that when you envy someone-or harbor ill feelings towards them -for their success or possessions- you lack common knowledge. You are ignorant because you ignore the fact that the other person has worked hard to get where they are. With the energy we waste to envy people we could use it to make ourselves successful...
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...but I can apply it to my everyday life. Based on responses from my week one assignment, I can easily see that my responses were based on common sense responses versus having actual knowledge on critical thinking. I see now that critical thinking is disciplined intellectual criticism that combines research, knowledge of historical context, and balanced judgment. Critical thinking involves applied thinking to its problem or issue. Throughout the nine weeks of class there have been several things I have learned about critical thinking. A lot of the critical thinking techniques have been good ways for me to actively use my critical thinking skills. In addition, there are some that stuck with me, like in week three I learned how to be a critical reader, listener, and viewer. In week five, I also learned the difference between Issues and problems. I tackled that in a two part Learnscape exercise that helped me understand the difference when dealing with a problem with teenagers using drugs. In week seven, I also learned the role of criticism which taught me why critical thinking is necessary and an overview of how critical thinking is applied to problems and issues in everyday life. The way I think critically since the start of this course has changed dramatically because I no longer just look at a problem and let it be or just apply simple knowledge to it. With the help of this course, I now apply true critical thinking strategies to all issues and problems that arise. I put serious...
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...cannot be the most important. Therefore, one should teach principles, not facts. Since people are human, one should teach first about humans, not machines or techniques. Since people are people first, and workers second if at all, one should teach liberal topics first, not vocational topics. b. What is good life? Secular perennialists espouse the idea that education should focus on the historical development of a continually developing common western base of human knowledge and art, the timeless value of classic thought on central human issues by landmark thinkers, and revolutionary ideas critical to historical western paradigm shifts or changes in world view. A program of studies which is highly general, nonspecialized, and nonvocational is advocated. c. What is the nature of the learner? The word perennial in secular perennialism suggests something that lasts an indefinitely long time, recurs again and again, or is self-renewing. As promoted primarily by Robert Hutchins and Mortimer Adlr, a universal curriculum based upon the common and essential nature of all human beings is recommended. This form of perennialism comprises the humanist and scientific traditions. d. What is the nature of the subject matter? Although perennialism may appear similar to essentialism, perennialism focuses first on personal development, while essentialism focuses first on essential skills. Essentialist...
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...Marjane the actual risks of being opposing the regime. They might rape and kill her if her ideology was against the new religious law. After watching carefully the movie, and with my small previous knowledge about the history of Iran, many things started to make sense. First of all, I had heard of the great trouble there is in Middle East regarding women rights, but as a western that lives in a world of flowers and skittles, I find very hard to actually feel empathy for those women and the great oppression they are going through. This movie helped very much to feel that comprehension and understanding of the other as we are used to feel with our near relatives. Also, the perspective the story exposes is much more different than the one CNN, history classes, media, Facebook, and other types of sources might expose. You can learn history from a teenager`s point of view, and this way, things might be remembered and understood better. Secondly, as a regular person, I currently tend to stereotype things I have little knowledge of. For me, it was not that obvious that many women rejected the use of a scarf, or that Iranians are very different to Arabs, or that Iranian teenagers are very similar to Western teenagers. So this movie also helps to break stereotypes. Is very common to sit in class, take notes, listen to the teacher, and then...
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...A new paradigm in management training Dr J. A. MacAskill, Dean, Dr Muhammad Farmer, Director St James’s Business School, 23 King Street, London SW1Y 6QY INTRODUCTION Graduates, perhaps at no other time in an economic cycle, require the ability to integrate and transfer their conceptual understanding to novel situations in a practical way. The context in which one learns is a formative experience in promoting knowledge transfer. If knowledge is taught in one dimension then it intrinsically places a barrier to adaptive and flexible learning and its application. Alternatively, knowledge acquisition taught in multiple contexts promotes a student’s ability to assimilate, analyse, articulate and implement action plans. This ability to extract knowledge and abstract the concepts and principles relevant to any given situation is undoubtedly promoted through a more flexible multi-context presentation of knowledge. Furthermore, in a management and leadership development context it presents information in a form that will be more relevant to executive work patterns and operational requirements. In an educational sense this requires commonality of experience and the conceptual frameworks of the learners and their tutors to ensure that the ability to move easily between the cognitive elements being described and the desired practical outcome is achievable. At the centre of British Institute of Technology and E-commerce (BITE) educational philosophy lies the concept of...
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...similarities and differences among the five different articles or books. The management philosophy that this author prefers centers on the learning organization. The learning organization is not a new concept however, it did not become popular until the 1990s when organizations begin to realize that in order to be successful well into the future they had to embrace new ways of thinking instead of hanging onto the old ways of thinking. A learning organization is able to continuously experiment and improve its capabilities by enabling individuals within the organization to identify and solve problems. Therefore, the organization is able to enhance its capacity to grow, learn, and adapt its culture. Furthermore, the organization will gain new knowledge and insights. By comparing the articles this author believes that there is no universal definition of a learning organization and that there are multiple viewpoints surrounding the characteristics of this type of organization. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: a discussion that focuses on the varying definitions of a learning organization and multiple viewpoints related to the characteristics of learning organizations. Discussion: Definition of a Learning Organization Organizational practitioners define the term “learning organization” in a variety of ways. However, even to this day, a universal definition of a “learning organization” remains elusive. Although, the most widely accepted definition was given by Senge...
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