...Examining Committee at the University of Danang on October 30th 2010 M.A. THESIS (SUMMARY) This thesis is available found at the library of DANANG - 2010 - College of Foreign Languages, University of Danang. - Information Resources Center, University of Danang. 3 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. RATIONALE The effectiveness of a speech depends on many factors, including the mood of the crowd, the ability of the orator, the situation the crowd confronts, the topic of the speech and the using of words- the using of stylistic devices. The goal of any political speech is persuasion - you want to bring the crowd around to your point of view, whether that means convincing them to vote for you. So the frequent and wide use of stylistic devices is an important characteristic of political speeches which is an effective way to make these speeches more attractive, lively and more persuasive. A stylistic device is an example of the figurative use of words, which produces a particularly rhetorical effect when people use the language creatively in a specified context so all politicians use stylistic devices in political speeches. In the realm of discourse analysis, the typical linguistic features of political speeches have so far been the focus of attention of many linguists and researchers. However, there are not many studies of the language used in political speeches, especially stylistic devices used in political speeches of...
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...dimensions of speech such as sounds, gestures, syntax, rhetoric, meanings, speech acts, moves, strategies and turns. In this paper our main focus is on the rhetoric of a speech. As we know where rhetoric is concerned we should inevitably deal with literature. In other words rhetoric is like a joint which connect literature with politics and establish a method of analyzing political speeches called polio-linguistic approach. Thus we can consider political discourses as pieces of literature. Literary techniques especially rhetorical devices serve as one of the most distinctive features of the greatest and most influential speeches of all time. There is no shortage of rhetorical devices used in these speeches, but we can prioritize them by count of repetitions in political discourses. In this study first I have represented the necessity of using these types of persuasive skills in political discourses, the methods within which politicians take advantages of these skills and the different sides of a successful speech. Then after a glance through different rhetorical devices, excerpts from four of the greatest speeches in history are provided with the rhetorical devices indicated in them. Finally a quite deep examination of the most important of these rhetorical devices is presented and the conclusion is made through comparing these samples. The primary purpose of every presenter or rhetorician is to grab people`s attention. After that he/ she needs to convey people`s thoughts...
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...The speech “Are We Ready for Tomorrow, Today?” was delivered by Muhtar Kent, the president and CEO of the Coca-Cola Co, at the 2009 Investor & Analyst Event held in the world global conference in Atlanta. As this speech is specifically structured to present a business plan for upcoming year of 2020, Kent uses the majority of ethos and logos artistic appeals as means of an effective persuasion. The argument surrounds a careful and logical analysis of past failures and successes backed up with statistical and visual references designed to “inform, provoke, challenge and inspire” the audience (Kent 2009), followed by an orderly presentation of numerous strategies on how they will shape the future as the leading “business of non-alcoholic ready-to-drink beverages.” (119) The appropriate artistic and inartistic appeals applied in the speech not only polish the essence of an effective argument, but also increases credibility as an influential speaker. It is evident that Kent tries to avoid using pathos, an appeal of emotion, as a form of appeal to prevent logical scrutiny from the audience. Instead, the speech follows a strict pattern of stating logical reasoning after presenting each inartistic proof and thus, succeeds in gaining compliance as a credible speaker. Apart from impressive statistical numbers on its company’s accomplishments, the content of the speech relies heavily on ethos, served as appeals to values and speaker’s credibility, exerting a strong and dependable...
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...How might Politicians use persuasive language to reinforce their Influential power? Introduction This investigating will focus upon the topic ‘Language and Power’, throughout it will explore how power plays a massive part in politics and how politicians use it to make them seem electable. This aspect within the investigation has been chosen because this is an area of interest and a topic I particularly enjoyed whilst studying the AS course. Not only this, but the power section, in my opinion, has the most interesting theory within it but the investigation will tie into another area which equally fascinates me, this being UK politics. This has always been something that I have followed with passion, with this in mind; it has led me to question the very topic. I would like to investigate how politicians use their language, to make them seem more electable and make them seem more favourable to the electorate. From this the Investigation will discover to what extent an election speech impacts on voting. Thus, this investigation aims to explore: • How politicians use a range of persuasive techniques to reinforce their influential power. I expect that the politician who uses persuasion most effectively will seem more favourable to the electorate. Politicians that aren’t confident may hinder their chances with the electorate, even though they use persuasive techniques. This would show...
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...An Analysis on the Speech Contestants’ Arguments in English Celebration Week Octaviyani Raharja 1213009001 Abstract Nowadays, many universities hold speech contest to facilitate their students in improving their communicative skills. Widya Mandala Catholic University, through English Department, holds a speech contest during the English Celebration Week event. As speech contest in common, students are required to conduct a good speech that deals with the topic given. Unfortunately, there are still some mistakes found that deal with the argument components and verbal fallacies. In figuring out a good speech, the contestants’ speeches are recorded and transcribed to be analyzed whether they have met the quality of a good speech which are: (1) includes all of the main components of argument and (2) fallacies free. Since the speech contestants are still in the first semester, they have limited knowledge on argument components and verbal fallacies. Therefore, the contestants sometimes miss the argument components and make no verbal fallacies in their speech. |Keywords: Argument, Fallacy, Verbal Fallacy, Speech, ECW Speech Contest | Introduction There are four language skills and two language components that are needed in learning foreign language, especially English. Among the four language skills, speaking has big roles in both language teaching and learning activity since it requires both communicative...
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...Traditional On Campus Class Welcome to the Traditional On Campus version of Speech 103 Oral Communication! I look forward to getting to know each of you. Over the years, I have learned that many of you dread taking this class (don’t worry I felt the same way when I had to take this class) but I hope that you will find your worries to be unfounded. I work very hard to try to create a comfortable learning environment, primarily because I need you to participate in order for this class to work. This is a participatory-based class where we will all work together to help each other improve our communication skills. Consequently, you will play an active role in your own learning as well as active role in the learning of the other students in this class. Research has shown that when you are an active participant in a class you increase how much you remember as well as how much you can recall after the semester has ended. However, I have found that when you are an active participant in my class you will look forward to coming to each class session and your fears of public speaking will soon decrease. Since this class is participatory, you will find that you will put a lot of thought and effort into this class. Much learning will occur both in class and out side of class. However, while this class is demanding, I hope that you will both enjoy this experience and learn a great deal about communication, how you communicate, and how to be a better...
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...A BRIEF CONTENTS PART 1 • GETTING STARTED 1. Becoming a Public Speaker 2. From A to Z: Overview of a Speech 3. Managing Speech Anxiety 4. Ethical Public Speaking 5. Listeners and Speakers 1 2 8 1 4 23 30 PART 2 • DEVELOPMENT 6. Analyzing the Audience 7. Selecting a Topic and Purpose 8. Developing Supporting Material 9. Locating Supporting Material 10. Doing Effective Internet Research 1 Citing Sources in Your Speech 1. 36 37 49 57 64 73 83 PART 3 • ORGANIZATION 1 Organizing the Speech 2. 1 Selecting an Organizational Pattern 3. 1 Outlining the Speech 4. 92 93 103 1 10 PART 4 • STARTING, FINISHING, AND STYLING 15. Developing the Introduction and Conclusion 16. Using Language 1 22 1 23 1 31 PART 5 • DELIVERY 1 Choosing a Method of Delivery 7. 18. Controlling the Voice 19. Using the Body 1 39 1 40 1 44 1 48 PART 6 • PRESENTATION AIDS 20. Types of Presentation Aids 21. Designing Presentation Aids 22. A Brief Guide to Microsoft PowerPoint 154 155 161 164 PART 7 • TYPES OF SPEECHES 23. Informative Speaking 24. Persuasive Speaking 25. Speaking on Special Occasions 1 74 1 75 188 21 7 PART 8 • THE CLASSROOM AND BEYOND 230 26. Typical Classroom Presentation Formats 27. Science and Mathematics Courses 28. Technical Courses 29. Social Science Courses 30. Arts and Humanities Courses 31. Education Courses 32. Nursing and Allied Health Courses 33. Business Courses and Business Presentations 34. Presenting in Teams 35. Communicating in Groups 231 236 240 243 246 248 25 1 253 258...
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...Cultural Factors in Psychology Kimberly L. Herrington Due: Tuesday January 15, 2013 People decisions, attitudes, and beliefs are acquired from their cultural roots. Psychology has established social perception results from the individual’s cultural milieu. Social perception is a process that aids us to understanding others as well as ourselves. This paper will discuss anxiety disorder; examine the connection between human development and how this connection affects anxiety disorders. There are several types of anxiety disorders, some of the most common are; Specific Phobia, Panic Disorder, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. A person who has anxiety disorder may experience feelings of excessive fear, worrying or discomfort in situations where majority of others do not share those emotions. Left untreated, anxiety disorders may become severely damaging and may affect his or her relationships, work performance, and or study ability. As more research and studies are performed it has been concluded from severe cases that even simple tasks such as cleaning, shopping or leaving the house is a major challenge. In addition to inability to perform daily activities, anxiety may also cause decrease in self-esteem, drug abuse, and separation from loved ones ( Shiraev & Levy 2010) In the United States of America, the most common mental ailments are anxiety disorders. Statistics show nearly 20 percent of the American...
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...ABSTRACT: This report explores critical discourse analysis as a theory in rhetoric discourse and speech act and pragmatics. The framework of analysis includes the mixture of my own ideas and theory of various experts such and Aristotle, Tuan Van Dijk, H.P Grice and Robert Dilts. As critical discourse analysis is a very flexible term of social linguistic study and it allows one to go with the own ideas, here I have chosen suitable analytical tool of experts to analyze the two different discourse, one is verbal discourse ( Tryst with Destiny) and second is written discourse ( Toyoda’s statement 2013) and at the end comparison of both discourse. Key words: critical discourse analysis, rhetoric discourse, speech act, pragmatics, social linguistic, tryst with destiny, Toyoda’s statement 2013. INTRODUCTION Critical discourse analysis (CDA) comprises three inter-related processes of analysis which are linked up with three inter-related dimensions of discourse. Three inter-related process of analysis. 1) Text analysis (description) 2) Processing analysis ( interpretation) 3) Social analysis ( explanation) Three inter-related dimensions of CDA. 1) Discourse structure (systematically and explicitly described structure at all level) 2) Social structure (in the context of society) 3) Cognitive structure ( mental cognitive interface) The three dimensions of CDA is coherently related with each other to make up a substantial discourse where mental cognitive...
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...Ellie Bretzman April 15, 2013 Interviewing Anne Strahle Bold and Fresh: A Look into Bill O’Reilly Interviewing Style Introduction “Your humble correspondent” is what he calls himself with a smile. Bill O’Reilly, host of the “O’Reilly Factor,” is not doubt one of the most loved, hated, criticized, praised, and controversial television commentators of all time. For ten years, O’Reilly has hosted the number one rated show of all cable news. With his unique style, people seem to be drawn to him whether they agree with him or not. Background Bill O’Reilly has quite an impressive background. Born in Manhattan and raised in Long Island, O’Reilly found himself studying history at Marist College and earning his bachelor’s degree. He went on to Boston University to receive his master’s in broadcast journalism. He did not stop there as he got another master’s degree in public administration from Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government ("Bill O'Reilly Biography”). His broadcasting career began in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He then moved around reporting and anchoring in Dallas, Boston, and New York. His national exposure started with CBS and ABC News. In 1996 he landed at FOX News ("Bill O'Reilly Biography") . Other than hosting the number one cable news program, Bill still finds time to write a weekly column that appears in more than 300 newspapers. O’Reilly is also a respected author. He has written books about his political opinions and has also begun to...
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...Critical Thinking Critical thinking is defined as “the mental processes, strategies, and representations people use to solve problems, make decisions, and learn new concepts” (Sternberg, 1986, p. 3) Predominantly Critical thinking has been recognised as the most important skill for successfully implementing a project from award approval to project closure. Critical thinking is the skill that evaluates evidence to come up with an appropriate decision. This evidence usually identified by good observation, high research skills, experience, proper reasoning, or conversation with others. The research suggests that regardless of the nature of the project, a project manager develops critical thinking competencies at the initial stage and planning stage of the project. A good critical thinker always uses a logical analysis to convey a message clearly and make good decisions. Critical thinking is an essential skill for a project manager to examine and assess a situation in an objective manner. It is also an enormous application for excellent problem solving skills. In addition critical thinking can bring all aspects of project management at Care. For instance a skill which helps to organise a project managers thought, analyse pros and cons in a particular situation and present the most productive outcomes and results in a persuasive manner. below are the common and main characteristics of critical skill that a project manager needs. Systematic Inquistic Judicious ...
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... | TABLE OF CONTENT I Introduction………………………………..3 II Body • Sec 1: General statement about public speaking …........................................3 • Sec 2: The important role of public speaking, and difficulties………….....3 • Sec 3: How to prepare a good speech………………………………………......4 • Sec 4: how to improve public speaking skill………………………………8 III Conclusion…………………………..……….12 IV Reference list……………………………...13 INTRODUCTION C an you think of any memorable talk or presentation you have ever attended? It is sad to know that most of the presentations are easy to forget, especially when the main reason behind the presentation was to communicate something to you. Therefore, it is important to know how to transfer effectively the information to the others. Moreover, the world is open and nations are integrated together. Hence, exchange information and negotiation is very important. Obviously, communication is the most essential skill at the moment, specifically public speaking. Public speaking is not a new trend in current century. However there are not many people can really do it...
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...Rhetorical Analysis of the “Ballot or the Bullet” and “Somebody Blew Up America” The purpose of this essay to compare and contrast the rhetoric in Amira Baraka’s “Somebody Blew up America” and Malcolm X’s “The Ballot or the Bullet in regards to ethos, pathos, and logos. Amiri Baraka, born Everett LeRoi Jones, was an African-American writer of poetry, drama, fiction, essays, and music criticism. Baraka read his poem “Somebody Blew up America?” on the September 11th attacks and was heavily criticized for anti-Semitism and attacks on public figures. His poem is free verse and has no set structure but maintains its rhythmic elements for oral sharing. The poem was meant to be shared orally so that Baraka would be able to emphasize and share lines specifically for an audience. Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, was an African-American Muslim minister...
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...Introduction English is general considered to be the global language, a lingua franca, in terms of the population and wide-spread of its users. According to The World Factbook (2009), researched by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of USA, English is accepted as the official language in approximately 60 countries and regions. With the wide range of use in the world and its long history, English borrowed certain amount of vocabulary from other languages. As a result, an extremely common language feature can be detected in the large amount of English words which is synonyms. Synonyms are pairs of words sharing similar meaning or semantic features (Jackson & Amvela, 2007). Nevertheless, as recognized by many linguists, the meaning of synonyms differs for their connotations, dialects, collocations and syntactic features. In this research essay, a corpus-based study on the similarities and differences of synonyms will be conducted by examining claim and state. The essay will be divided into three parts, which are Literature Review, Methodology and Findings and Results. After that, a conclusion will be drawn as the summary and revision. Literature Review Synonym is considered to be an important part of the semantic study which focuses on the relational meanings of lexis. It is generally agreed that the meanings of words are closely related to the collocations and contexts in the sentences. Also, as mentioned in the introduction, synonyms are referring to the words which “have...
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...By the time of the 2004 presidential election, George W. Bush had already served as president of the United States of America from 2000-2004 and was running for reelection. Because of Bush’s experience holding the presidential office, he had a greater situated ethos than John Kerry, his opponent, who had only served as the governor of Massachusetts at that time. However, through Barack Obama’s speech The Audacity of Hope at the 2004 Democratic National Keynote Address, the gap between the pre-existing ethos of the two candidates is bridged and the audience is swayed in Kerry’s direction. Obama uses personal anecdotes to build excessive pathos which reduces the amount of logos necessary to convince the audience to vote for Kerry because the...
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