...Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education ISSN: 0305-7925 (Print) 1469-3623 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ccom20 International education policy transfer – borrowing both ways: the Hong Kong and England experience Katherine Forestier & Michael Crossley To cite this article: Katherine Forestier & Michael Crossley (2015) International education policy transfer – borrowing both ways: the Hong Kong and England experience, Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 45:5, 664-685, DOI: 10.1080/03057925.2014.928508 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2014.928508 Published online: 27 Jun 2014. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 364 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 3 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ccom20 Download by: [The University of Manchester Library] Date: 01 December 2015, At: 11:00 Compare, 2015 Vol. 45, No. 5, 664–685, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2014.928508 International education policy transfer – borrowing both ways: the Hong Kong and England experience Downloaded by [The University of Manchester Library] at 11:00 01 December 2015 Katherine Forestier* and Michael Crossley Graduate School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK This paper analyses how the impact...
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...people dressed differently or ate different types of foods. How did people get around? By car, by train, by motor bike? Was there a particular religion that influenced how society worked? What language was spoken? Did you notice any forms of unspoken language? Your answers to these questions will give you some insight to the country’s culture. We’ll be exploring cultural differences and their effect on business in this chapter. Even if you haven’t traveled to a foreign country, you can still see cultural differences within the U.S. Think about the concept of time for example. How do people on the East Coast view time? You might have answered that East Coasters often see time as a valuable commodity that shouldn’t be wasted. Now, compare that perspective to how someone from the South might view time. Many Southerners still prefer a slower paced way of life. How might these differences affect the way you would do business in each region? Just like you might adapt for differences at home, when doing business in foreign countries, you’ll need to adapt as well. We say that companies must have cross-cultural literacy, or an understanding of how cultural differences across and within nations can affect the way in which business is practiced. It’s also important to consider how culture might affect the cost of doing business in a particular location. For example, some people argue that the Japanese traditions including lifetime employment and long-term decision-making lowered...
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...entrepreneurial activities in the USA and China Table of Content Page 1 Introduction 3 2 Comparison of entrepreneurial activities in USA and China 4 2.1 Culture 4 2.2 Government policies 6 2.3 Funding and financing 9 2.4 Education and training 10 3 Conclusion 11 Bibliography 13 1 Introduction Entrepreneurship is one of a major factor influencing the economy of countries in terms of international trade, infrastructure, employment and living standards as well as capital growth. It also reflects the effectiveness of government policies. Entrepreneurship relates to national policies (taxation, regulations, ease of doing business), entrepreneurship financing (banks, government support), economic circumstances (economic freedom), marketing (competitiveness), public agency assistance (government support), and expertise etc.. The level of entrepreneurial activity not only interacts with the factors above, but also with cultural or geographical factors and regulations. Personality characteristics, behavior and motivation are also the major elements, which should be taken into consideration. There are many determinants of being or becoming self-employed which are dealt with in the literature, such as employment status, minority behavior, immigrant behavior, family firm effects and attitudinal effects (Freytak/Thurik 2006, 6). The assignment compares the level of entrepreneurial activity between the U.S. and China as these locations have contrasting...
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...University Abstract The below paper will discuss starting an operation in a foreign country. I will compare and contrast the United Kingdom and Hong Kong. I will also explain which country would be best to begin a business in. International Financial Markets Introduction Acme is planning on having a greenfield production facility overseas. The two foreign countries that I have decided to compare for starting business in is the United Kingdom, which is part of the European Union and Hong Kong. Hong Kong is not part of the European Union. I will first analyze the UK and then Hong Kong. Analysis of the United Kingdom (UK): The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelane is a state that consists of the nations of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. This is also under the UK sovereignty and is not apart of the UK itself, however are the “Crown dependencies of the Channel Island and the Isle of Man.” The said dependencies seek their own policies over taxes, employment, education, and health. They are subjected to UK control on matters such as defense (Doing Business in the UK, 2005). The UK has an island of 242,500km2. The UK’s population in 2002 was 59.2 million and in 2006 the population was 60.6 million. The languages spoken in the UK is English, Welsh, Scots, and Gaelic. English takes up 83.6% of the ethnicity in the UK and the highest religious studied is Christian, which takes up 71.6% of the UK...
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...in 2004. Universities are currently preparing students for jobs that don’t exist yet. 4. The amount of new technical information is doubling every two years. For students starting a 4-year technical degree this means that half of what they learn in their first year of study will be outdated by their third year of study. VOCABULARY ACTIVATOR Guess, how many English words you already know. You can check it by googling ‘Oxford 3000’. This is the list of 3000 most important and useful English key-words selected for foreign users of the English language by a group of language experts and experienced teachers. The words which one is likely to meet while studying at an English-speaking university are compiled into the Academic Word List (AWL). The third list of words you are expected to know is the terminology of your future area of professional expertise. Now check, how well you know campus vocabulary. In pairs, look at each set of words below and try to decide whether they are the same or different. If different, what is the difference? a) high school / higher education / tertiary education b) department / faculty / school of … c) arts / humanities / science / social science d) course/curriculum e) prerequisite / core subject / compulsory / elective(AuE), option(BrE) f) pass / credit / exam / continuous assessment g) assignment / seminar / tutorial h) Bachelor / Master / Doctorate / PhD GROUP DISCUSSION (1) Think over the...
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...Beginning this section with Korean Air and cultural legacy, Gladwell proposes that where we come from culturally, determines are conformation of rules of speech and interpretation. Korean Air in the 80’s was one of the worst airlines for plane crashes statically but by the 2000’s they were able to turn themselves around because they trained their pilots in English, therefore allowing them to be more direct in the cockpit rather than suggestive. Another legacy that Gladwell brings to focus is the link between China and math. In China, rice farming is a crucial part of society.. After describing China’s importance on rice farming, Gladwell gives a brief explanation of the number system in China. Statistically, Chinese children can count up to 40 two years sooner than American children. Rice farming involves perfectionism, long, rigorous days and no days off. The more work you put into a rice paddy, the more benefit you will reap. According to the book, it is estimated that the average rice farmer will put in 3,000 of work a year. Rice farming in China has led to a cultural belief that hard work can be equated to success, a key factor in school according to...
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...schooling, or many? Are school systems around the world diverging from their original European sources, or are they converging toward a single model?i This book opens a dialogue between two very different perspectives on schooling around the world. On the one hand, anthropologists and many scholars in comparative education emphasize national variation, not to mention variation from district to district and from classroom to classroom. From their point of view, the nearly 200 national school systems in the world today represent some 200 different and diverging cultures of schooling. On the other hand, sociology’s “institutionalists” or world culture theorists argue that not only has the model of modern mass education spread from a common source, but that schools around the world are becoming more similar over time.ii According to world culture theory, rather than diverging, schools are converging toward a single global model. This question matters to anthropologists because when we look at globalization— the movement of people, money and ideas across the entire world in unprecedented volume—we wonder whether it really means that the world is becoming more homogeneous. Are we creating a global culture (a “McWorld” for the cynical), or do people create new local cultures as rapidly as global imports hit them (Watson 1997)? Are we seeing increasing uniformity, or simply diversity organized in a new way (Hannerz 1996)? The domain of national school systems is one of the richest areas...
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...Criminal Justice Process Alma L. Daniels AIU Criminal Justice Process How does the United States deal with problems related to civil order control? All one needs to do is to take a look at Kent State, Ruby Ridge, and Waco just to name a few to see how the United States deals with civil disorder. The United States Civil Disturbance Plan 55-2 the original name for this project is called “Operation Garden Plot.” This was to be used to deal with civil order. Here is one situation where they would use this “Planned acts of violence or civil disobedience which through arising from the cause as (1) above, are seized upon by a dedicated group of dissidents who plan and incite purposeful acts designed to disrupt social order.” (©2005, Yurica Report) So in order for the United States to maintain civil order control they can use this plan. They also can call out the following people FBI, U.S. Marshals’, DEA, ATF and the Arm Forces along with the National Guardsmen to deal with any civil uprising. Since May 4, 1970 at Kent State until now in 2011 the United States has change the way they handle things related to civil order control. Civil order control means more than just violent crimes it can also mean disasters, national emergencies and it also deals with crowed events like protest like they are having on Wall Street now. They can still call out the National Guards and Arm Forces along with ATF, DEA FBI, and U.S Marshals’ to help handle things. They also have medical...
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...psychological, intellectual, and social well-being. The purpose of health promotion in nursing is to increase health knowledge that will in turn positively influence health behaviors of individuals and communities (Foster, 2012). Roughly 36% of the U.S. population is made up of various ethnic or racial minorities. Of that 36%, 4.8% were Asian Americans. According to the Office of Management and Budget, “Asians” consist of people that originate from the Far East, Southeast Asia, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan Thailand, Vietnam, or the Philippine Islands (CDC, 2014). These 14.7 million people are dispersed throughout the country, with Hawaii having the largest concentration (57%) of the total Asian population (CDC, 2014). The CDC (2014) states that minority groups “experience a disproportionate burden of preventable disease, death, and disability compared with non-minorities.” This paper will concentrate on health promotion among the Asian American population, compare and contrast the health status of this minority group to the national average, and describe suggested health promotion prevention techniques tailored to the specific needs presented in this paper. Comparison of Asian Americans to the National Average According to the 2010 Census, the fastest growing population than...
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...NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ACCOUNTING FOR GROWTH: COMPARING CHINA AND INDIA Barry Bosworth Susan M. Collins Working Paper 12943 http://www.nber.org/papers/w12943 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 February 2007 We are very indebted to Anthony Liu and Gabriel Chodorow-Reich for extensive assistance in understanding the data and constructing the growth accounts. This paper was presented at the annual conference of the Tokyo Club Foundation for Global Studies, December 6-7, 2006. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2007 by Barry Bosworth and Susan M. Collins. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Accounting for Growth: Comparing China and India Barry Bosworth and Susan M. Collins NBER Working Paper No. 12943 February 2007 JEL No. F43,O1,O4 ABSTRACT We compare the recent economic performances of China and India using a simple growth accounting framework that produces estimates of the contribution of labor, capital, education, and total factor productivity for the three sectors of agriculture, industry, and services as well as for the aggregate economy. Our analysis incorporates recent data revisions in both countries and includes extensive discussion of the underlying data...
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...GDP Growth Rate 3 History of the Chinese Economy 4 China GDP Growth Rate 4 Economy of India 5 GDP 5 Unemployment 6 Inflation 7 Economy of China 8 GDP 8 Unemployment 9 Inflation 10 India's Export and Import 11 China's Export and Import 12 China and India Export and Import 13 Analysis and Findings 14 Conclusion ...
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...Economic and Monetary Policy Auditing and Business Concepts Submitted by: Edmore H. Delaney Perspective of the Economic and Monetary Policy Framework of the Republic of Liberia This paper is intended to capture the framework of the economy and monetary policy of the Republic of Liberia and the effectiveness it pursues in the implementation its institutional framework. The economy continues to be plagued by a multiplicity of social, financial and economic challenges which has seen production level of the sector far below prewar levels (Findlay & O’Rourke, 2007). Consequently, the government’s approach has been directed towards vigorous pursuing money and credit supply to stabilize the economy. In order for Liberia to implement a sound economic and monetary policy, the government needs to ensure that a monetary aggregate is achievable. The Central Bank of Liberia in 2005, initiated a program to ensure stability of money demand functions where interest rate and income will significantly have impact on the money demand function (Matthew, 2009). The real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2014, which was initially projected at 5.8%, is estimated to decline to 2.5% or less by the end of the year. According to the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning due to the absence of EVD, growth projections in 2014 reflected a weaker economic outturn as compared to the previous year (2013). This growth was driven largely by the expansion...
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... Individuals and Groups Social Stratification Country Focus: Breaking India’s Caste System RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS Christianity Islam Country Focus: Islamic Capitalism in Turkey Hinduism Buddhism Confucianism Management Focus: DMG-Shanghai LANGUAGE Spoken Language Unspoken Language EDUCATION CULTURE AND THE WORKPLACE CULTURAL CHANGE FOCUS ON MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS Cross-Cultural Literacy Culture and Competitive Advantage SUMMARY CRITICAL THINKING AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CLOSING CASE: Wal-Mart’s Foreign Expansion Learning Objectives 1. Know what is meant by the culture of a society. 2. Identify the forces that lead to differences in social culture. 4. Identify the business and economic implications of differences in culture. 5. Understand how differences in social culture influence values in the workplace. 6. Develop an appreciation for the economic and business implications of cultural change. Chapter Summary This chapter begins by introducing the concept of culture. The determinants of culture are identified, which include religion, political philosophy, economic philosophy, education, language, and social structure. The first half of the chapter focuses on the influence of social structure, religion, language, and education on culture. The section on religion explains the economic implications of Christianity, Islam, Hinduism...
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...ignorant about the country and its’ business relations and lack thereof. This paper will focus on research, data analysis and identifying Russia’s major elements and dimensions of culture, aspects and dimensions integrated by locals conducting business, contrast to that of US culture and businesses and implications for US businesses that wish to conduct business in Russia. References will be provided through discussion of interviews from actual residents from within different districts throughout Russia, as well as work attire, women in the workforce, examine Russian self-employed, women’s experiences, communication, interpretations, expectations of gender employment and various social schemes. This should prove to broaden a basic understanding of foreign and cross border relationships and assist with an understanding of business practices in Russia. What are the major elements and dimensions of culture in this region? Ethics When discussing Russia and their corporate ethics contrast to that of the United States there are quite Russian ethics are quite different and separate in terms of being an individual. Self grooming is a must. Corporate leaders are expected to maintain all standard pertaining to grooming. An individual’s appearance such as haircuts and certain lengths, cleansed nails and dress. Russians believe in first impressions so much that will make a deal based upon their first meeting with you. This is developed and mentored...
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...Growth of Comparative Education 1. The Geographical Factor: The geographical position has its inevitable impact on the culture, civilisation and education of a nation. The various countries of the world have different geographical positions. Therefore, their modes of living, civilization, culture, social institutions and educational systems are also different. The climate of a cold country is different from that of a tropical one. Therefore, ways of living and social organisation of the two types of countries are not the same. Serial systems influence the educational organisation. An agricultural country emphasises agricultural education in its educational system, and an industrial country pays special attention to technological and-industrial subjects in the organisation of its curriculum. In a cold country there is a long winter vacation and in a hot country a long summer vacation. Evidently, the educational structure of a country is conditioned by its geographical situation. Image Source : maestrobytumlare.com 2. The Economic Factor: The educational system of a country is closely related with its economic condition. The aims and curriculum of education are framed according to the economic condition of the land. The belief about the economic system as adhered to by a country is inculcated in the citizens. For example, under the socialistic economic system, the State is the owner of all property. Therefore at the very primary stage of education children are given the...
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