...The Journal of Values-Based Leadership Volume 8 Issue 1 Winter/Spring 2015 Article 6 January 2015 Favoritism: Ethical Dilemmas Viewed Through Multiple Paradigms I-Pang Fu Pennsylvania State University, ipangfu@psu.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl Part of the Business Commons Recommended Citation Fu, I-Pang (2015) "Favoritism: Ethical Dilemmas Viewed Through Multiple Paradigms," The Journal of Values-Based Leadership: Vol. 8: Iss. 1, Article 6. Available at: http://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl/vol8/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Business at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Journal of Values-Based Leadership by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at scholar@valpo.edu. Favoritism: Ethical Dilemmas Viewed Through Multiple Paradigms I-PANG FU, M.ED. SMEAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY Favoritism is a controversial issue in many cultural settings. Related terms include nepotism and cronyism; all three are identified with misconduct in the merit-based business world. The flip side is ethics — the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group (MerriamWebster, 2012). According to John Dewey (1902), “Ethics is the science that deals with conduct insofar as this is considered to be right or wrong, good or bad.” Since favoritism is perceived...
Words: 3518 - Pages: 15
...WhereasRichard William Paul and Linda Elder define ethics as "a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures". Deducing from the line defined by several parties to develop the concept we can come up with a definition for business ethics, it can be defined the yard sticks, criteria and standards that guide behavior in the world ofbusiness. Ethics forms an integral part of day-to-day business transaction, this is because the business transactions are handy in every society and this form the backbone of mutual interdependence and survival. Ethical values and legal principles are usually closely related, Ethics is different from law because it involves no formal sanctions. In some cases, the law mandates unethical conducts and they are not punishable but the state. Unethical behavior or a lack of corporate social responsibility, by comparison, may damage a firm's reputation and make it less appealing to stakeholders.Whenever the topic of business ethics is introduced we can almost always think of the positive side of the topic, e.g. how it will build trust and increase the consumers to the business and even the good-will it will earn. However, there have been some controversial disadvantages associated with the topic such as the reduction of company's freedom to maximize its profit, because the ethics (as defined above) is about restrictions which might hinder firms’ own vision of increasing shareholder’s wealth. It is crucial...
Words: 1423 - Pages: 6
...Key Stakeholders Depending on the company or marketing being considered, a stakeholder can have many different characteristics. Generally, a stakeholder is a person, group or organization that has interest or concern in an organization. Some of the characteristics that might be common to all stakeholders is they stand to gain or lose through the success or failure of the company; they are affected by the output of the company; or the company may be otherwise accountable to this stakeholder. PharmaCARE has several stakeholders that will continue to watch their progress in Colberia. The primary stakeholders are its shareholders/stockholders who will always seek a return on their investment (ROI). Every decision PharmaCARE makes will either increase or decrease RIO; this can be in the long-term or the short-term. PharmaCare additionally need to be concerned with opinions from members of Capitol Hill. Since they have a strong lobby, members of the Hill will be very interested any progress, or lack of progress that PharmaCARE makes regarding the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Communities and the indigenous works within Colberia are also stakeholders of PharmaCARE; success or failure could be the difference between prosperity or poverty for Colberia. This is also true of PharmaCare’s regular employees and management; success or failure could mean loss wages, or bonuses. Human Rights Issues One of the areas that PharmaCARE should...
Words: 1645 - Pages: 7
...emerging "vocabulary of restoration" has created as much confusion as clarity about the fundamental concepts of the new paradigm. Restorative justice has come to mean all things to all people. I agree with Walgrave and Bazemore: “A coherent definition and vision should serve as a unifying focus for reflection and experimentation among practitioners and scientists, and should inform policy makers and the public about what restorative justice is and is not” (Bazemore and Walgrave, 1999a, p. 46). Restorative justice, as a practice, has a history older than state justice does, yet the example of restorative justice has only recently begun to be expressed. Since Howard Zehr's book Changing Lenses (1990) first sketched the outlines of the restorative justice example, little agreement principles have evolved (McCold, 1998c). Recently, two competing definitions of restorative justice have been brought up. The Declaration of Leuven (1999) and a Working Party of the U.N. Alliance of NGOs (McCold, 1998b) both integrated a working definition of restorative justice. "Restorative justice is a process whereby all the parties with a stake in a particular offence come together to resolve collectively how to deal with the aftermath of the offence and its implications for the future" (Marshall,...
Words: 1743 - Pages: 7
...Individual Paper: Workshop 1 – Discussion Questions “DQ” University of Phoenix – FIN/370 Finance for Business Week 1 100% Workshop 1 – Discussion Questions This paper will explore the discussion questions for the first of five workshops of Finance for Business. The three topics include: 1) The capital market, how the primary market differs from the secondary market, and in the student’s opinion are these markets efficient, and why. 2) The three primary roles of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 augments the SEC’s role in managing financial governance, and if the writer thinks the passage of this act had the outcome of businesses becoming more ethical. Examples will be used to support this thinking.3) Ratios which measure a corporation’s liquidity, some problems associated with using these ratios, and how the DuPont analysis would overcome these problems. The DQ’s will be stated, and then the Discussion Answers will be explored below. DQ 1 – The Capital Market What is the capital market? How is the primary market different from the secondary market? In your opinion, are these markets efficient? Why? Discussion Answer 1 The capital market is “Any market in which securities are traded. Capital markets include the stock and bond markets.” (Farlex Financial Dictionary 2009) “Traditionally, this has referred to the market for trading long-term debt instruments (those that mature in more than one year). That is, the market...
Words: 1810 - Pages: 8
...Midterm Examination ADM 3349 Auditing Theory Fall 2011 Time: 2 hours Student Name: _________________________________ Student #: _____________________________________ Section: A (Prof Liboiron) ____ B (Prof Church) ____ Make sure that you read the instructions on page 2 of this exam. Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 TOTAL /8 /7 /4 /6 /8 /7 /10 /50 1 Instructions: Answer all questions in this booklet. Booklet is not to be removed from the examination room. You may separate the pages but ensure that you put them back together and staple before handing in. Ensure that you show all supporting calculations in order to receive full marks. Limit your answer to the space provided. Indicate if you use the back of a page. Budget about 2.5 minutes per mark. Please do not ask the invigilators questions. Make reasonable assumptions where necessary. Language dictionaries are allowed. Use only non-programmable calculators. The use of electronic communication devices such as cell phones is strictly prohibited during the exam. Sharing of calculators is also strictly prohibited. You must sign the Statement of Academic Integrity below. Statement of Academic Integrity: The School of Management does not condone academic fraud, an act by a student that may result in a false academic evaluation of that student or of another student. Without limiting the generality of this definition, academic fraud occurs when a student commits any of the following offences: plagiarism or cheating of any kind, use...
Words: 3043 - Pages: 13
...Introduction This document covers the ethical leadership traits and self-evaluation of ethical leadership based on ethical leadership inventory. A1. Ethical leadership traits In following section, I have covered some of the ethical leadership traits of Mr. Kenneth Chennault, Chairman and CEO of American Express. Kenneth began his career in American Express as a consultant and promoted to the top position in corporate ladder as CEO and Chairman, with his constant ethical leadership practices. According to interview published by Collis, C (2014), Kenneth articulated below key career incidences which really shaped his career as ethical leader and helped him promoted to the top position in American Express. Integrity and Trust: Integrity is the fundamental and key principle of ethical leadership. As per Kenneth, integrity means consistency of words and action and to build the trust in people leader needs to exhibit consistency of word and action. Kenneth was able to build the trust in 150 year old, bureaucratic organization by consistently delivering on what he promised and able to motivate people for bigger vision in the interest of the company. Vison: After assuming CEO position, Kenneth articulated clear and galvanizing vision for American Express. In 1980, he turned around the merchandize business process by supplying and distributing it through mails. He expressed and convinced his vision for more flexible and sustainable delivery process to key departments in American...
Words: 3014 - Pages: 13
...Industry……………………………………………………...Pages 6-8 Role of the Industry………………………………………………………………Pages 8-13 Ethics of the Industry……………………………………………………………..Page 14 Rating of the Industry…………………………………………………………….Page 14-15 Accomplishments………………………………………………………………...Page 15-16 Comparison to Saint Leo Values…………………………………………………Page 16-17 When I think of the T.V. Media industry several things come to mind involving the history of how it came along being that I will only be thirty years old next week and much older it is than I. Television is an invention that came about years before my time and it is one of those things in life that I have become a custom to always having and not knowing anything different. There was a time when televisions did not exist and the radio was all that was around. Then the television came around but not in the color version that we are all used to but in black and white and remote controls were not a part of the standard television package like now. Remote controls came years later once televisions were upgraded to color. We have come a long way in the innovative upgrades of televisions because now we have plasma and HDTV flat panel televisions with advanced remote controls in comparison to the beginning which was meager compared to today. The television is defined as a widely used telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images, either monochromatic also known as black and white or color, usually accompanied by sound. The...
Words: 4130 - Pages: 17
...universities largely mirror this common view. We train future foresters to address logging problems in the Pacific Northwest or in the tropics, or conservation biologists to design a reserve or study an endangered species. But in actual practice, most professionals spend only part—and sometimes a small part—of their time attending to technical tasks in the field. Professionals, over a career or a lifetime, participate in many activities well beyond fieldwork, and there is much more to building a successful professional practice today than skills in technical work in the field. But what specifically are these other activities? What theories, approaches, and skills are needed to be successful? What are the standards of effective, efficient, and ethical practice? In this concluding chapter, we provide our answers to these questions by (1) presenting what we view as a broader and more realistic conception of a modern professional’s...
Words: 11915 - Pages: 48
...Research Goal The main goal of doing a project on AMBUSH MARKETING is to know that how it take advantage of situations which allow brands/products to get extra exposure at minimal cost. Research Objectives 1. To examine the unethical issues in the advertising industry. 2. Determine the need of Ambush Marketing. 3. To analyze the measures of Ambush Marketing. 4. To study whether Ambush Marketing is ethical or unethical. Research Questions 1. What are the measures to combat Ambush Marketing? 2. Is it ethical for a company to ambush an event? 3. Why do brands with excellent reputations get into this? Research Methodology The methodology of the study includes study of library references and latest literature on the various educational sites, and compilation of the secondary data and information obtained from various journals. My research methodology will be doctrinal as well as non-doctrinal in nature and therefore data will be collected from both primary and secondary sources. The method of research would be deductive as conclusion would be drawn after the analysis and interpretation of data collected ------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER 1 ------------------------------------------------- UNETHICAL PRACTICES IN ADVERTISING INDUSTRY The field of advertising is extremely broad and diverse. Advertising is a form of communication intended to persuade the viewers, readers or listeners to purchase or take some action upon...
Words: 8497 - Pages: 34
...MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS | | 4/1/2012 4/1/2012 Table of Contents Strategic Management Comparison between Nikon and Canon 3 Introduction 3 Nikon Company Background 4 Logo 4 History 5 Products 5 Canon Company Background 6 History 6 Logo 7 Products 7 Nikon Corporate Information 8 Mission 8 Vision 8 Canon corporate information 9 Mission 9 Vision 9 Corporate Philosophy 9 SWOT Analysis 10 Nikon 10 Strengths 10 Weaknesses 11 Opportunities 11 Threats 11 canon 12 strengths 12 Weaknesses 12 Opportunities 13 Threats 13 TOWS Matrix 14 Canon 14 Strengths – Opportunities 14 Strengths - Threats 14 Weaknesses – Opportunities 15 Weakness - Threats 15 Nikon 16 Strengths – Opportunities 16 Strengths – Threats 16 Weakness – Opportunities 16 Weaknesses – Threats 16 Corporate Governance 17 Japanese Corporate Governance 17 Nikon Corporate Governance 19 Management System 19 The Board of Directors and Executive Committee 20 Corporate Auditors and the Board of Corporate Auditors 20 Nikon Board of Directors and Corporate Auditors 21 Canon corporate governance 22 Board Of Directors 25 Porter Five Forces 26 Rivalry 26 Threat of Substitutes 27 Buyer Power 28 Supplier Power 28 Threat of new entrants 28 corporate culture 30 Nikon 30 Canon 30 Conclusion 31 References 32 Strategic Management Comparison between Nikon and Canon Introduction “One image has more value than a thousand words...
Words: 6307 - Pages: 26
...Journal of Business Ethics (2009) 85:147–156 DOI 10.1007/s10551-008-9934-6 Ó Springer 2008 What’s Wrong with Executive Compensation? Jared D. Harris ABSTRACT. I broadly explore the question by examining several common criticisms of CEO pay through both philosophical and empirical lenses. While some criticisms appear to be unfounded, the analysis shows not only that current compensation practices are problematic both from the standpoint of distributive justice and fairness, but also that incentive pay ultimately exacerbates the very agency problem it is purported to solve. KEY WORDS: executive compensation, distributive justice, pay disparity, incentive alignment Introduction Few academic theories have been adopted as widely as the application of agency theory (Jensen and Meckling, 1976) to the structure of executive pay in modern corporations. After prominent suggestions that the inherent conflict of interest that exists between stockholders and corporate managers – or ‘agency problem’ – could be mitigated through the structure of managerial incentives (e.g., Jensen and Murphy, 1990a), the prevalence and size of stock option grants to senior executives have expanded increasingly and substantially (Hall and Murphy, Jared D. Harris, Assistant Professor teaches both Ethics and Strategy courses in Darden’s MBA program, and a doctoral seminar on corporate governance and ethics. His research centers on the interplay between ethics and strategy, with a particular focus...
Words: 6653 - Pages: 27
...Chapter 4 Addressing Individuals’ Common Ethical Problems Contents: (Please note: the Instructor Guide for every chapter will follow this structure.) 1. Chapter Outline 2. Teaching Notes 3. In-Class Exercises 4. Homework Assignments 5. Additional Resources Chapter Outline I. Introduction A. Indentifying Your Values – and Voicing Them II. People Issues A. Discrimination B. Harassment, Sexual and Otherwise III. Conflicts of Interest A. What Is It? B. How Can We Think About This Issue? C. Why Is It an Ethical Problem? D. Costs IV. Customer Confidence Issues A. What Is It? B. How Can We Think About This Issue? C. Why Is It an Ethical Problem? D. Costs V. Use of Corporate Resources A. What Is It? B. How Can We Think About This Issue? C. Why Is It an Ethical Problem? D. Costs VI. When All Else Fails: Blowing the Whistle A. When to Blow the Whistle B. How to Blow the Whistle VII. Conclusion VIII. Discussion Questions IX. Short Cases Teaching Notes - Discussion Questions 1. What do you value? Can you make a list of the three or four values you would stand up for? How will you explain to others what your values are and why? This is the perfect place to begin linking the values exercises you (hopefully) did with your students in Chapter 2, with why it is important to identify...
Words: 6729 - Pages: 27
...LITERATURE REVIEW ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING FOR COMPUTER GAMES Name: Course: Date Page 1 Abstract Games have often been very common in the past period of time, but with the discovery of computer games, they have penetrated. In spite of the third vista to computer games which is verifiable, it pertains to investigating what characteristics those who play such games anticipate from the gaming using the computer. Permit us state the meaning of a computer game as a play which is undertaken with an aid of a computer program. This meaning still leaves behind some flexibility because it does not imply that the whole game happens in the computer. For instance, Chess may be played on the computer screen and on a true-globe board, heedless to whether the one who objects to the play is a computer application. Huizinga in his classic work defined play as ``an activity which proceeds within certain limits of time and space, in a visible order, according to rules freely accepted, and outside the sphere of necessity or material utility. The play mood is one of rapture and enthusiasm, and is sacred or festive in accordance with the occasion. A feeling of exaltation and tension accompanies the action, mirth and relaxation follow``. A lexicon likewise states the meaning of game as `‘a universal form of recreation generally including any activity engaged in for diversion or amusement and often establishing a situation that involves a contest or rivalry’`. Besides, Elliot...
Words: 8674 - Pages: 35
...INB400 – International Organization and Management Term paper Wal-Mart’s culturally and institutionally flawed entry into the German retail market Joakim Holsten Leren s105710 Julianne Øien s106222 Mirko Wichmann s145433 Lara-Caterina Buggert s145400 Eloise De Bont s145611 22 pages Table of Contents Introduction 2 Case presentation 2 The Wal-Mart concept 3 Institutional challenges [to be deleted] 4 Cultural challenges [to be deleted] 4 German market 5 Theoretical Background 5 The cultural perspective 6 The institutional perspective 9 Case Analysis 12 The cultural perspective 12 The institutional perspective 15 Recommendations 19 Cultural 19 Institutional 20 Limitations 22 Cultural 22 Institutional 22 Conclusion 23 References: 25 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to address and analyze the challenges Wal-Mart faced during its entrance into the German market in the late 1990s. We have analyzed this with the following problem in mind: “Which aspects, both cultural and institutional, led to Wal-Mart’s failure in Germany and what should they have done instead?” We will approach this problem by outlining theoretical frameworks for analyzing cultural and institutional aspects of a company. We will then employ said theories in order to analyze the case of Wal-Mart’s failure in Germany. Finally, we will come to a conclusion concerning what they should have done as they entered into the German market...
Words: 9016 - Pages: 37
