...Running head: Theories of Aging Theories of Aging Nate Aungkuldee Milwaukee School of Engineering –School of Nursing Abstract Gerontological nursing may be viewed as the nursing management for older population. Knowledge of nursing care and competency of caring for elderly become more important as the result of increasing population of old age people in the past decade and expecting in ongoing increasing in the next twenty years. There are many theories of aging that describe and explain aging process and how the individuals respond to changes that occur with aging. By understanding a normal process of aging, the quality of nursing care for this population may be enhanced. The purpose of this paper is to present and explore some of the theories of aging and apply the theory into nursing practice that cooperated with evidence base research studies to implement the plan of care for an older adult. Two main theories of aging: Biological theories and Psychological theories are the focused theories that being discussed in this paper. According to many current resources the aging population in the U.S. is now rapidly growing. There were 4% of people age 65 and older or about 3 million people in 1900 (McGuire & Mefford, 2007). This old age population increased to 36.8 million people in 2005 with the increase of 3.2 million or 9.4% from 1995 (Mauk, 2010). As of today a newborn child is expected to live at least...
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...Respiratory and Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis Unit 7 Assignment 10/13/15 Anatomy and Physiology 2 Prof. Maryjoyce Rotella The acid-base balance in the body largely depends on the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration. In general, high H+ makes the solution acidic with pH less than 7 while low H+ will make the solution basic or alkaline with pH higher than 7 (Lewis, 2013). Acidosis develops when the arterial pH drops below 7.35 while alkalosis develops when the arterial pH rises above 7.45 (Appel & Downs, 2008). The normal metabolic balance generally keeps the carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion to 1: 20 ratio. As the ratio changes, the body will respond to acid-base imbalance through compensation mechanisms to control acids through buffer system by either releasing or taking up H+ depending on the pH changes. Deviations from normal PCO2 cause respiratory problems while deviations from the normal HCO3− cause metabolic problems. Respiratory alkalosis is a condition that occurs when there is carbonic acid deficit as PaCO2 drops to less than 35 mm Hg. The blood pH increases while PaCO2 decreases but the bicarbonate (HCO3−) undergoes no changes (Apple & Downs, 2008). Respiratory alkalosis is primarily caused by hyperventilation due to conditions that stimulate the respiratory center such as oxygen deficiency at high altitudes, pulmonary diseases, congestive heart failure, and acute anxiety. Respiratory acidosis...
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...The Aging Mainframe Workforce Fowill. H. (2016) Western Governors University WGU Student# 000519534 The Aging Mainframe Workforce The impact of the rapidly shrinking mainframe workforce should be a national concern, since it has the potential to impact every aspect of one’s daily live. Most people are oblivious to the amount of times their daily activities interact with applications running on mainframes. Consider every financial transaction done has a high probability to use mainframe systems. Every stock trade, insurance company interaction, groceries checkout, health care systems, or gas station transaction, all these activities require an application potentially written in COBOL, or Assembler running on a mainframe. The shrinking mainframe...
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...Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. No family, Being Alone 2. No family to retire 3. Not knowing if they are going to be able to retire because of social security Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. • What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice against a particular age-group, especially the senior citizens. There are a lot of senior citizens who are mentally and physical active regadless of age with a lot to contribute. There are a lot of people who treat them with disrespect, and make them feel unwelcomed.There are a lot of comedians joke about senior citizens and memory loss. There are even young adult who make fun of senior citizens because they are slow and do not walk or drive fast. Ageism robs the senior citizensof choice,independence, and dignity. ALFA seeks to illuminate discriminatory practices that adversely affect seniors’ lives, illuminate prejudicial attitudes toward the aging process, and institutional practices that perpetuate stereotypes about seniors. http://www.alfa.org/alfa/Ageism.asp • What is the Age Discriminitation in Employment Act (ADEA)? How does the ADEA address issues for the aging population? The age discrimination in employment act(ADEA) prohibits any employer from refusing to hire, discharge...
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...external Pressures: Adjusting the pay structure * Market pricing Exhibit 8.1 - Determining Externally Competitive Pay Levels and Structures * Specify Competitive Pay Policy Information on external markets * Survey * Process of collecting and making judgments about the compensation paid by others * Provides the data for translating policy into pay levels, pay mix, and structures * The Purpose of a Survey Adjust pay level—how much to pay? * Based on overall movement of pay rates caused by competition in the market Adjust pay mix—what forms? * Base, bonus, stock, and benefits Adjust pay structure? Study special situations Estimate competitors’ labor costs * Competitive intelligence * Employment Cost Index * Measures quarterly changes in employer costs for compensation * Select Relevant Market Competitors Employers who compete: * For same occupations or skills * For employees in same geographic area * With same products and services Fuzzy markets * Organizations with unique jobs and structures find it hard to get comparable market data * Design the Survey Who should be involved? * Compensation manager, managers, and employees * Outside consulting firms * Word-of-mouse – Online salary information * Many surveys (but few that are validated) Which jobs to include? * Benchmark-job approach * Low-high approach...
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...Health care for the aging population Baby boomers are living longer and longer; by 2030 one n five Americans will be over age sixty five, and the healthcare system is just beginning to feel the burden (Matthews, 2013). Healthcare for the aging population will have to change for the better for them since so many elders are living to unexpected ages from the past. Doctors must prepare and rethink every aspect of care for the older population, even rethinking the way there going to die(Matthews, 2013). On the other hand the country has to figure out how to pay for this extra care and how to support the older population. As the elder population grow and grow there will be a higher demand for geriatrician; geriatrician will help the elders prepare to live a healthier and longer life on there on. That leads into the decline in care givers; and how some elderly does not want to be a burden on their family they have to rely on visiting nurse to come provide them with the assistance they need or even get put in an assisted living home so they can receive the care around the clock that they need. This builds more and more medical expenses for the seniors that they can not really afford. An elderly expense is double the amount versus an individual that is under the age of sixty five; with all of the expenses from the elderly the younger generation is starting to feel the pressure of cost in healthcare going up. Furthermore, that leads into how we can come up with a solution to...
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...Late Adulthood and the End of Life Marcia Fortson PSY 375 May 29, 2012 Judith Sugg, Ph.D. Late Adulthood and the End of Life Senescence is part of the aging process starting from adolescence. People go through various aging periods in life that will eventually lead to the late adulthood stage or old age. This is a natural stage where a person will reminisce and reflect on the various struggles they went through and accomplishments they made. The late adulthood stage is a period where reflection on the choices that were made within one’s life while growing up, whether they were good or bad, happy or sad are remembered. The different views and issues that a person will experience within the late adulthood stage will be discussed below. How Can Individuals Promote Health and Wellness into Late Adulthood and Mitigate the Negative Effects of Aging? To promote health and wellness within the late adulthood stage a person needs to get the proper rest because sleep is important for the brain and body to function properly. A senior will us selective optimization with compensation when and if they are capable of driving themselves places. It is important for seniors to take care of their nutrition and stay at a healthy stable weight. In this stage of life, fewer calories are needed but it is important for them to eat a variety of fresh fruits, vegetables including complex carbohydrates like grains and cereals (Berger, 2008). To help seniors maintain an active memory they...
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...dynamics, economic and social consequences of aging workforce in the developed nations particularly Europe and United States presents significant challenges for the coming decades. In the recent times this topic has developed a sense of urgency and is receiving much attention from researchers, policy-makers and the popular media. Without a pro-active approach and appropriate action, the sustainability of social and economic security would be at stake and a labour and skill shortage will become a global issue. European policies have increasingly started to focus on raising the labour-market participation of ageing people, restricting or abandoning possibilities for early labour-market exit, and increasing the age at which people are eligible for pensions. In the article ‘Today is the Tomorrow -You Worried About Yesterday: Meeting the Challenges of a Changing Workforce’ Nancy B. Kiyonaga draws the attention to the crucial issue of aging workforce. She has also tried to suggest a solution ‘workforce and succession planning’ as the tool to this critical challenge especially in the public sector organisations which are more vulnerable to the affects of the aging workforce. Nancy B. Kiyonaga herself being the director of Workforce and Occupational Planning and adjunct professor of public administration her focus on the role of human resource management is praiseworthy. The article focuses on the primary issues like, the impact of ‘aging out’ of the baby boom workforce on economic...
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...------------------------------------------ Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Not being able to retire 2. Social Security 3. Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. * What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice and discrimination against older adults (Schaefer, 2012). It is the beliefs, attitude, norms, and value used to justify age based prejudice discrimination and subordination. During 1968 the term was coined by Rober Butler to describe discrimination against seniors and patterned to sexism and racism. Butler defined ageism as a combination of three connected elements. Among them were prejudicial attitudes towards older people, old age, and the aging process; discriminatory practices against oler people; and institutional practices and policies that perpetuate stereotypes about older people. The term has also been used to describe prejudice and discrimination against adolescents and children, including ignoring their ideas because they are too young, or assuming that they should behave in certain ways because of their age. * What is the Age Discriminitation in Employment Act (ADEA)? How does the ADEA address issues for the aging population? The Age Discrimination in Employment Act went into effect in 1968 to protect...
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...Trends in the Workplace: HRM, Laws, Aging, Diversity, and Flexibility Dornisha Freeman Dr. Jo-Rene Queensberry HRM 500 Human Resource Management Foundations January 25, 2014 Trends in the Workplace: HRM, Laws, Aging, Diversity, and Flexibility Functional Areas It is necessary in today's time that organizations have a HR unit. The HR unit started off as a department with less duties and responsibility. Now the HR unit has evolved. According to McNamara, Human Resource Management (HRM) includes an array of functions and activities. Some activities include compensation, employee records, policies, and managing approach. “Human resource management refers to the practices and policies you need to carry out the personal aspects of your management job, specifically, acquiring, training, appraising, rewarding, and providing a safe, ethical, and fair environment for your company’s employees” (Dessler, 2009, p.2). According to Dessler, such practices and policies include recruiting applicants, selecting candidates, train employees (new and current), job analysis, and planning. The major functional areas of Human Resources Management are planning, staffing, employee development, and employee maintenance. These areas and their contributions share the same objective to furthering organizational goals. In the planning function, the number and types of employees are determined. Planning requires collection and analysis of information to predict needs...
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...[pic] Quality of work life programs: are they nothing more than a fad? HRM 586 Labor Relations [pic] Abstract As the economy of the world continue to struggle due to stiff competition and rapid global expansion, labor organizations in every country of the world continue to find ways and means to help their respective workforces develop their skills and knowledge, as well as improve their health and wellness. Strategic implementation of quality work life programs and activities have all been critically evaluated by experts to determine their effectiveness on the organizations as a whole, meaning, how those programs will benefit not only the employees but the companies as well. The objective of this project is to inform the public and concerned entities about the kinds of plans and programs that public and private organizations have extended to their workforce to improve the quality of their life within and outside of the workplace. This paper will also try to evaluate the success of these projects and will try to offer other options and related programs to achieve a more favorable outcome for the whole organizations. Table of Contents Abstract 1 Purpose 5 Basic Issues and Research Questions..........................................................................................5-6 Literature review 6-13 Recommendations 13-18 Conclusion 18-20 References 21-22 Quality of Work Life Programs: Are They Nothing...
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...manner. With the help of achievement of targets within the organization, there will be a case that the organization shall be in the position to have its targets achieved in case, there will be a situation that the organization will ensure that it provides good opportunities to the employees and cares for the safety of the employees to a larger level in the future. Key Functional areas of Human Resource Management The first functional area of human resource management is training provided to employees within the organization. Training is a process which is designed for providing knowledge to employees and skills for the purpose of carrying out the organizational activities. Second functional area is compensation and benefits for the employees (Martin, 2008). Regarding compensation and benefits, the employees in the organization are provided rewards for their better performance in the workplace at a point of time. The rewards are provided to the employees for the purpose of motivating them to a larger level. Third functional area is regarding safety and health of employees. The organization ensures that the activities of the organization are carried out in such a manner that best safety is given to the employees. The health of the employees within the organization should be at the top priority of the organization at a point of time. Fourth area to be taken into account is employee and labor relations. In the organization, the organization should use methods such as collective...
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...employees as well. This paper will discuss the key trends in the workplace that have significant influences on organizations. It will discuss how HR professionals play a key role in helping organizations respond to evolving trends, comply with federal and state regulations, and manage workplace flexibility. Specify the key functional areas of Human Resources Management and how each function contributes to the overall performance of an organization. The key functional areas of Human Resources Management play a very important role in today’s workplace. An HR professional has to strategically plan each function and implement them accordingly. The key functional areas of Human Resources Management that I will discuss are staffing, compensation and benefits (total rewards), human resource development also known as training and development, employee relations and safety. When it comes to staffing an organization, there is a need for employees or individuals with the right skills, knowledge and abilities to improve the workplace. This function, when used properly and analyzed correctly, can ensure the future success of an organization. HR professionals are responsible for selecting the right people to become a committed and motivated team. At my...
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...Physician Shortage Tiara Smith HCS/552 April 18, 2016 James Hamilton Physician Shortage There is a projected shortage of physicians in America. There are going to be more need for patients driven by the aging population and the population growth in the country. The growths combined with the implementation of the Affordable Care Act are going to leave patients with difficulties seeing a primary care physician. Compensation and location play a factor in the distribution of physicians. The government is preventing more doctors from practicing and regulating the services provided by nurse practitioners and physician assistants. Not one solution will solve the problem by itself. There are many factors that play a part. We need to make necessary changes, or we will have a serious health care problem in America. By 2025, there will be a loss of 100,000 physicians. This means that seeing a doctor will be even more difficult. Primary care physicians have the most consistent contact with patients, providing checkups and referrals to specialists. Without primary care physicians, doctors will only be treating patients when they are seriously ill. There are many states that have half or less of their primary needs being met currently. Alaska, Washington, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Alaska, Missouri are just a few of the states not getting their needs met. Doctors tend to stay in big cities and are limited in rural areas (Court, 2016). Doctors that choose primary care...
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...racism and sexism, ageism involves holding negative stereotypes about people of different ages. | Baby boomer | A person who was born between 1946 and 1964. The baby boomer generation makes up a substantial portion of the North American population. Representing nearly 20% of the American public, baby boomers have a significant impact on the economy. As a result, baby boomers are often the focus of marketing campaigns and business plans. | Americans with Disabilities Act | Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 prohibits private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies and labor unions from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in job application procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. | Visitability | Visitability is an affordable, sustainable and inclusive design approach for integrating basic accessibility features into all newly built homes and housing. | Accessibility | easy to approach, reach, enter, speak with, or use. | Disability | a physical or mental handicap, especially one that prevents a person from living a full, normal life or from holding a gainful job. | Inclusion | the act of including or the state of being included | Deinstitutionalization | to release (a mentally or physically handicapped person) from a hospital, asylum, home, or other institution with the intention of providing treatment, support, or rehabilitation...
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