...1. Write the reference for the article in APA style. Goodboy, A K, & Booth-Butterfield, M. (March 2009). Individual differences in romantic partners' desire for less closeness. North American Journal of Psychology, 11, 1. p.209. Retrieved February 13, 2011, from Academic OneFile via Gale:http://find.galegroup.com.proxy.chemeketa.edu: 2048/gtx/start.do?prodId=AONE&user GroupName=oregon_chemeke 2. Write a synopsis of the article indicating the subject matter and the results of the study. The study examined the five-factor theory of personality in respect to the romantic desire for closeness. The factors were neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness. The results revealed significant differences between partners' preferences for closeness associated with personality types. Partners who desired more closeness were higher in neuroticism than partners who possessed an ideal level of closeness while partners who desired less closeness were lower in agreeableness than partners who possessed an ideal level of closeness. 3. What hypothesis was investigated? What variables were studied, and what were the operational definitions of the variables? There were two hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: Relational partners who desire less closeness will be lower in agreeableness than partners who possess a desired level of closeness or desire more closeness. Hypothesis 2: Relational partners who desire more closeness will be higher in neuroticism than...
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...big five factors include; Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional stability and Openness to experience. The extraversion factor captures our comfort level with relationships. Extraverts tend to be gregarious, assertive and sociable. Introverts tend to be reserved, timid and quiet. Extraverts tend to be happier in their jobs and in their lives as a whole. They experience more positive emotions that do introverts, and they more freely express these feelings. They also tend to perform better in jobs that require significant interpersonal interaction, they have more social skills, and they usually have more friends and spend more time in social situations than introverts. Finally, extraversion is a relatively strong predictor of leadership emergence in groups. Extroverts are more socially dominant, they are generally more assertive than introverts. One downside is that extraverts are more impulsive than introverts and are more likely to engage in risky behaviors such as drinking or sensation seeking acts. One study also found that extraverts were more likely to lie during job interviews. The agreeableness factor refers to an individual’s propensity to defer to others. Highly agreeable people are cooperative, warm and trusting. People who score low on agreeableness are cold, disagreeable and antagonistic. Agreeable people are slightly happier than disagreeable people. When people choose romantic partners, friends or organizational team members, agreeable...
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...PSYC221 Week 6 Quiz 4 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/psyc221-week-6-quiz-4/ Personality Theories Question 1 of 32 1.0 Points Which of the following statements is correct? A.more females are born than males B.females are more susceptible to illnesses than males C.males and females are equally susceptible to illnesses D.male children are more susceptible to illnesses than female children Question 2 of 32 1.0 Points Males have been found to be __________, while females have been found to be __________. A.more verbally aggressive; more physically aggressive B.more physically aggressive; better at spatial abilities C.more physically aggressive; more sensitive to nonverbal cues D.more sensitive to nonverbal cues; more verbally aggressive Question 3 of 32 1.0 Points Prenatal exposure to sex hormones: A.influences physiological sex differences that appear later in life B.does not influence the development of masculine/feminine traits C.does not influence gender development D.none of the above Question 4 of 32 1.0 Points Psychoanalytic theorists view sex differences as stemming from _______, while neo-analysts view sex differences as stemming from ______. A.biological causes; social causes B.biological causes; biological causes C.social causes; biological causes D.social causes; social causes Question 5 of 32 1.0 Points The explanation for gender...
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...Article Jamie Ragland PSY/ 405 Professor Robert Irizarry October 12, 2015 University of Phoenix Abstract Why are dispositional, biological and evolutionary theories important? What are the differences between the three styles of theories? What are the strengths and limitations of each of these theories? Dispositional theory assumes that there are a finite number of personality traits that can be measured, evaluated and observed. Biological theory suggests that genetics are responsible for personality. Evolutionary theory asks how the evolved mind and present – day environment connect to shape human behavior. Dispositional Theories Dispositional theories explain the relationship between traits and personality. Two of the most well-known dispositional theories are Allport’s Psychology of the Individual Theory and Trait and Factor Theories. Gordon Allport, Hans Eysenck, Robert McCrae, and Paul Costa Jr are the more common of the dispositional theorists. The assumptions vary from those of the other theorists. However, just as the other theories, the dispositional theories provide a basis for the study of personality. Retrieved from: http://intothedepthsofthehumanmind.blogspot.com/2013/05/theoretical-perspectives-dispositional.html Dispositional Theory Limitations “All theories have strengths and limitations. One criticism of Allport’s theory is that it was not based on scientific investigations. Instead...
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...definitions of personality have been suggested by various theorists over the years, such as Allport (1961) who describes personality as ‘a dynamic organisation, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create the person’s characteristic patterns of behaviour, thoughts and feelings.’ In other words, a personality is a synthesis of our behaviours under present circumstances which allows us to combine what we know from our past experiences and allows us to make predictions regarding our future behaviour. The term ‘behaviour’ here encompasses all actions and emotions which we might experience. The ‘Big Five Personality Traits’ as they are collectively called, are comprised of the five following traits: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. According to McCrae and Costa, human personality can be categorized separately along each of these five scales, which are graded from the 0 – 100th percentile. Since no two person can have the same score across all five scales, this test takes the uniqueness of each human personality into account. Discussion Recently, I myself have taken the test as part of my individual assignment for my Personality Development class. In my opinion, the test does tell the truth about me, to a certain extent. Although I cannot attest to the degree of accuracy of the percentiles of the test to my personality traits, I can, however, say that I generally agree with the conclusions reached...
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...Freud. How many structures? Name these structures. • What is the correct order of Freud’s psychosexual stages of development? • Define archetype. • Identify the “Big Five” personality factors and apply to examples o Openness to experience o Conscientiousness o Extroversion o Agreeableness o Neuroticism • Compare the psychodynamic, behaviorist, and humanistic explanations of personality • Compare internal and external locus of control. What findings regarding behavior are cited in the textbook? Chapter 12: Social Psychology Answer the following questions: • Define social psychology. • What is the relationship between self-disclosure and attraction? Apply to an example. • Define self-fulfilling prophecy and apply to an example. • Define dispositional and situational attributions and define their relationship to internal and external attributions. • Define the fundamental attribution error and apply to an example. • Define cognitive dissonance and apply to an example. • Compare the central and peripheral routes to attitude change or persuasion and apply to an example. • Define the types of love according to Sternberg and apply to examples. o Nonlove o Companionate love o Infatuation o Liking o Empty love o Romantic love o Fatuous love o Consummate love • Which...
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...Observations TUTORIAL!! ObservationsI have used the scientific process in my life so that I could better understand from where my anger comes in certain situations. The first step is the unsystematic observation, which was done by paying attention to the way I act when I feel angry and when this is most often happening. This was done over a few days and I took notes in order to document a pattern or a regularity that would occur and possibly understand why I become angry. Then I used the second step, which is building a theory. I built my theory based on specific times and corresponding levels of stress. The times evaluated were in the morning, right after waking up, in the late afternoon after a long day of work and in the evening just before bedtime. My hypothesis was that I am most angry and irritable in the late afternoon, after a long day of work. The best possible way for me to evaluate my hypothesis was to ask a friend to stay at my house and observe me. I informed her about my hypothesis and the importance for her to remain as objective as possible. To evaluate my hypothesis I used an experiment. I simply changed one of the variables (took a day off work) and had my friend observe any changes in my demeanor. As I had hypothesized, I am most angry and irritated in the late afternoon, after a long day of work. Therefore, by using the scientific process I now understand the cause and effect of my anger. References McAdams, D. (2006). The person: A new introduction...
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...Introduction In this assignment, I will be explaining the people character affect the person's behavior. I used The Experiment as a case study to investigate idea about personality. First of all, I used the personality traits to describe the personalities of Travis Hay (He is as a prisoner, NO.77), Michael Barris (He is as a guard.) and Mr. Nix (He is as a prisoner, NO.17). Such as, the Big Five, etc. Secondly, I will be explaining the unique situation influenced the behaviour of the Travis Hay, Michael Barris and Mr. Nix. Personality are influenced by many factors, this is I will speak content Body The early work in the structure of personality revolved around attempts to identify and label enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior. Popular characteristics include shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal and timid. Those characteristics, when they are exhibited in a large number of situations, are called personality traits.[1] In recent year, an impressive body of research supports the theory that five basic dimensions underlie all others and encompass most of the significant variation in human personality.[2] Extraversion is that a personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious and assertive. In the beginning of the film, Travis actively met girl. After that, he made friend with Michael Barris and always say “Flying man” Tinker Bell. He and his boss was talking in the office. His boss said:”you’ve been talking about...
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...Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories PSY/405 Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories A personality is similar to a fingerprint, it is distinctive. The Humanistic and existential theories of personality illustrate self-actualization, motivation, existentialism and person-centered theory. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs explicate the humanistic theory of motivation. Man achieves a situation in life established as self-actualization; nevertheless, the principle to achieving self-actualization a high level need, commence with fulfilling lower -level needs. Even though lower-level needs contributed to importance with satisfying higher level needs and completely self-actualization, passing over other lower-level needs do happen. Carl Roger’s Client-centered theory as well humanistic has a formative tendency. Roger’s deemed every substance either organic or inorganic developed from uncomplicated forms to further complicated forms (Feist & Feist, 2009). The self and self-actualization is motivated by motivations, satisfying individual needs and recognizing oneself was significant from Roger’s viewpoint. Regrettably, hindrance to psychological health much like disorganization incongruence and defensiveness may happen. Roger’s Client-centered theory illustrates a model of individuality and the different factors which involve persons’ development. Additionally May has employed Existential psychology, summarizing...
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...Abstract Personality has been assessed using many different approaches but non have come up with exactly what makes our personality. Personality is a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world. Behavior, character traits, attitude, environments we are exposed in makes up one’s personality. Humanistic perspective is the emphasis on a person’s capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities. Humanistic psychologists believe that we all have the ability to control our lives to achieve what we desire. Carl Rogers was struggling to understand the unhappiness of the individuals he encountered in therapy when he began his career as a psychotherapist. Rogers devised his own approach to personality. We have good tendencies towards growth and fulfillment but we are so unhappy because oftenly our need for positive regard from others is not met unconditionally (King 2011). Unconditional positive regard is the term Rogers used for being accepted, valued and treated positively regardless of one’s behavior. Unfortunately not everyone rates us the same way, some often value us only when we behave in particular ways that meet what Rogers called conditions of worth. According to my own perspective, this is when we have to get out of our comfort zones individually and satisfy what someone rates as good, because we need to be accepted, condition of belonging...
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...trait developed through experiences in your environment (such as family experiences or other learning experiences). Based on your experience, explain whether personality traits are primarily biological (innate) or environmental (learned) (Nature vs. Nurture). (1 paragraph) In doing some more research on the Five Factor Model of Personality I came across the personality test. In reviewing this it shows that in Openness, which is a trait that suggests open-mindedness and interest in culture. A high score in this area means that people are sometimes curious, likes to be imaginative and creative and are more out to seek new experiences. Low scores suggest that they are less imaginative and not interested in any new experiences. For the Conscientiousness type of person, which is a trait that reflects the organization and persistence in pursuing their life goals, high scores tend to mean that the person is well organized, goal oriented and have faith in themselves. Low scores show that the person is unorganized, unreliable and very careless in what they do. For the Extraversion type of person, high scores in this area mean that they are energetic and very willing to socialize. Low scores tend to mean to the person is less social and more quiet and reserved. For the Neuroticism, which is the trait that reflects the tendency to be negative about just about everything. Low scores in this area tend to mean that they have more control over their emotions and are more stable....
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...Personality Characteristics Tiffany Williams Psy/504 Professor Kersey June 14, 2010 Personality Characteristics Personalities are characteristics that differ from one person to the next. Personalities can change over time depending on the situation or environment one is in. Personalities is the traits that makes a person unique and different. According to Costa and McCrae Big five factor traits an individual can be categorized as being neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness (Cervone, Pervin, 2010). In order to understand how a person personality falls under any of these categories one have to take a look at early development, family and social relationship and educational background Three Personality Characteristics According to the Big Five Trait Factor my personality lies in the extraversion and agreeableness category. The three main personality characteristic that everyone has observed is friendly, sociable and good natured. These personality traits and many others have made me the person I am today. Extraversion and Agreeableness individuals are sociable, active, person oriented, soft hearted, good natured, forgiving and affectionate ( Cervone, Pervin, 2010). Individuals in these two categories who are talkative, sociable, confident make friends easy and love being in social setting ( Adnan, Adnan, 2002). Early Development The development of the above dimension Extrovert and Agreeabless began around five years...
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...What is Personality? -Pattern of psychological characteristics (traits) that differentiate us from others and lead us to act consistently across situations -Know the defense mechanisms be able to identify which defense mechanism the person is using -If a person is having a problem, be able to identify which stage that person developed that fixation. Personality consists of traits • Traits: relatively enduring predispositions that influence our behavior across many situations Example: extroversion, conscientiousness Lecture Overview • Development of personality – Psychoanalytic theory – Cognitive-behavioral approaches • Measuring personality • Causes of personality differences Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Beginnings: Clash between mind and body – Freud initially believed in mental disorders were somatogenic (lookup) • BUT 2 important observations that made him think perhaps this is not the case – Glove anesthesia – Hypnosis treatment for “grande hysteria” involving reports of patients traumatic experience of catharsis, disappearance of symptoms • Freud concluded mental disorders were psychogenic Core Assumptions of Psychoanalytic Theory 1. Psychic Determinism All thoughts and behaviors have a cause (no randomness) 2. Symbolic Meaning All thoughts and behaviors have meaning Ex. Male accidentally breaking chalk while writing 3. Unconscious Motivation We cannot fully understand why we do what we do Reasons for actions are beneath our conscious...
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...there have been many advances in this area of research that may help potential mates understand each others needs for marital happiness, a solid formula to identify an optimal mate is still just a idea. Mate Selection Criteria for Marital Success: Is It Possible? To properly understand the question of whether or not it is possible to define criteria that can be used for the purposes of mate selection that would ultimately lead to marital success, one must first understand the term, “marital success.” In the chapter titled Marital Adjustment, McKinney describes marriage, “Marriage in its best form in civilized life is the culmination of romantic love and courtship; it is the sublimation of the more primitive sex impulses. It is a fusion of the relationships existent in friendship, companionship, and sexual attraction. Ideally, it occurs after numerous friendships with the opposite sex, and after a courtship, which has tested the social and temperamental compatibility of the pair. It is a public declaration of affection and fidelity, and is approved by society.” (McKinney, 1941, pg. 387) In a society rich...
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...Question 1 10 out of 10 points Correct 2. Which one is NOT one of the four basic group goals identified by McGrath’s model of group tasks? Selected Answer: Correct A. discussing Answers: Correct A. discussing B. generating C. choosing D. negotiating E. executing Question 2 10 out of 10 points Correct 4. According to the text, if you had to choose only one aspect of a group to study, you would probably learn the most by studying its Selected Answer: Correct A. structure Answers: Correct A. structure B. goals C. cohesiveness D. interdependencies E. communication Question 3 10 out of 10 points Correct 3. Which is NOT one of the key characteristics of a group? Selected Answer: Correct D. a leader is present Answers: A. interaction among members B. a degree of unity C. group structure Correct D. a leader is present E. group-level goals Question 4 10 out of 10 points Correct 7. A line of people waiting to get into the movies is an example of a Selected Answer: Correct B. collective. Answers: A. primary group. Correct B. collective. C. personal group. D. category. E. social group Question 5 10 out of 10 points Correct 1. According to the text, which one is NOT a key element in the definition of a group? Selected Answer: Correct B. members share some characteristic, such as eye color or gender Answers: A. two or more members Correct B. members share some characteristic, such as eye color or gender ...
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