...Discussion Questions of Ethics a) Define ethics & discuss its relationship with normative systems The Meaning of Ethics: Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy concerned with the study of questions of right and wrong and how we ought to live. Ethics involves making moral judgments about what is right or wrong, good or bad. Right and wrong are qualities or moral judgments we assign to actions and conduct. Within the study of ethics, there are three branches: metaethics , concerned with methods, language, logical structure, and the reasoning used in the interpretation of ethical terms, for example, what exactly the term “good” means; normative ethics , concerned with ways of behaving and standards of conduct; and applied ethics , concerned with solving practical moral problems as they arise, particularly in the professions, such as medicine and law. Ethics provides us with a way to make moral choices when we are uncertain about what to do in a situation involving moral issues. In the process of everyday life, moral rules are desirable, not because they express absolute truth but because they are generally reliable guides for normal circumstances. Normative Ethics Normative ethics is fundamental to ethical decision making in the criminal justice system. A central notion in normative ethics is that one’s conduct must take into account moral issues; that is, one should act morally, using reason to decide the proper way of conducting oneself...
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...(approximately 5 weeks into the course, according to the recommended schedule). 1. Choose ONE of the cases that appear in Units 1 & 2 of the Philosophy 333 Study Guide except Case 2. 1. However, please refer to the discussion regarding Case 2.1 in Unit 2, under the heading “Applying Normative Theories to a Moral Situation”, as an example of how to apply moral theories to a case. 2. Clearly state a professional ethics issue that pertains to the case. It is recommended that you state your issue in question form. 3. Choose TWO out of the five moral theories studied in Unit 2, but only one version of Utilitarian theory at most (e.g. not both Act and Rule Utilitarianism). 4. In essay-form[1], and in one document, apply each of the two theories to the case, focusing on your stated issue, by doing the following: a. For each theory, provide an explanation of the theories basic approach to moral evaluation and decision making. b. Ethically analyze your stated issue using each of the two theories. The idea here is to adopt the strategy of each of the theories to present what you think is a reasonable and balanced ethical analysis of your issue. In doing so, your aims are (i) to show that you understand how the theories work and (ii) to show that you can use them to express the ethical reasoning that should be brought to bear on the issue. c. For each theory, if you think that it would prescribe a certain resolution or answer to your issue, state that...
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...Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Claudette Harrington Strayer University Dr. Diane Barrs Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance 11/10/12 1. Determine at least three (3) different internal and external stakeholders that Dr. DoRight might have to deal with on a daily basis at the hospital. Answer: Dr. DoRight was morally concerned when he reported the issues regarding treatment of the patient’s health and medical errors, and because of the staff illegal activities, Dr. DoRight informed his Manager and the Executive Committee about the nurses and doctors unethical and illegal behavior. According to Investor Glossary, a stakeholder is any individual, group, or business with a stake in the success of the organization and are considered a stakeholder. They are typically concerned with the organization delivering intended results and meeting its financial objectives. In general, a stakeholder usually stands to gain or lose something depending on the decisions taken or the policies implemented. A stakeholder can be one of two types internal (from within the organization) or external (from outside the organization). Different internal and external stakeholders that Dr.DoRight might have to deal with on a daily basis include the hospital employees, doctors and nurses, board of trustees, creditors, managers’ and executives. All of these persons benefit from the day-to-day decisions and operations of the organization. At the Universal Human Care Hospital...
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...worst to happen in any organization. We must recognize that business ethics is a must and foremost about any business and following ethics in healthcare management will surely deteriorate the problems that we might face in the present and the future. Ethics in Healthcare Management Introduction Ethics is the way of referring ourselves to the perspective of what is right and what is wrong? Ethics is a moral principle that guides or governs our behavior and it helps us to make a better decision or to make better choices. It is a guideline that support our thinking and beliefs along with some rules and regulations that has to be followed to sustain in any business. Ethical issue arises when judging what is right or wrong, when you are provided with many options, when you are judging the impact of your decision, when you are faced with a dilemma, etc. It is a moral value as we learn about ethics from our parents when we are young depending on the culture, tradition, etc. speaking the truth was an ethics taught by my father when I was a kid. I do remember it till today because my moral values that I learned from my father is still with me and it can never change. Many decisions cannot be made by basing on moral values. What might be right for one person may be wrong for the other person as moral values differ among ourselves. Ethics is equally important in business as well as in healthcare management. Healthcare management is managing the healthcare sector by understanding...
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...On Feb. 20th, NBC Sports and Pro Football Talk’s Mike Florio discussed a rumored incident on his radio show involving an NFL player from 2011. Florio stated Dallas Cowboy’s WR, Dez Bryant, was allegedly involved in a “Ray Rice-type” of domestic violence affair that occurred at a Walmart in 2011. The topic of conversation started when Mike Florio went on 105.3 The Fan in Dallas, to discuss the rumor of an alleged “video of Dez Bryant doing something really bad.” According to Florio, the video had been known by “all the major insiders for months” however, it has not been released to the public. Florio stated he was unaware if a tape exists or not, but he has heard a lot of discussion through multiple sources regarding possible surveillance footage of the incident. The sportswriter then claimed he had no intention of sharing the rumor he had heard during the radio show (Lisk, 2015)....
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...------------------------------------------------- Module 1 Submit a written report discussing the present organizational set-up where you are working considering the following: 1. Organizational Chart 2. Mission and Vision of the Company 3. Objectives of the Firm 4. Incentives and Rewards of the Firm, and 5. Sanctions and Punishment for any Violations of Employees within the Firm ------------------------------------------------- The Tarlac Provincial Hospital is a 200 bed capacity tertiary training and teaching hospital. It is one of the four developed hospital under the Provincial Government of Tarlac. It is situated in a 9 hectare concreted fence compound with the following physical facilities: 3-storey main hospital building, cottages for officials and employees, power plant with generator, provincial warehouse (supply office), OPD Building, MCH Center, maintenance shop and laundry room, Chapel, 10 bed nutrition rehab ward, badminton court/pelota and basketball/volleyball court. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Organizational Chart ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Mission ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- > To provide accessible...
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...Instructions 1. Construct a template that will be the guide throughout the writing process. This will improve how the document looks, feels and reads. Consistency in these three items is key to a good case study. 2. Draw your reader in with a unique title. It should attract the reader and make them want to read more. 3. Begin writing the paper. Start by identifying the problem that is being explored in the case study. 4. Explore the problem, including cause, effect and theory. Give as much background as possible. 5. Discuss the possible solution, and/or how this issue was specifically resolved. Tell what methods were used in the process. 6. Describe benefits of the study. Tell how the benefits overall affect the group to which your case study is aimed. 7. Utilize the general-to-specific-to-general approach. This is the approach to use because it draws the reader in, demonstrates a specific example, and then shows how it applies to the group as a whole. It also shows the reader how they can address their own problem this way. Tips & Warnings • Use facts and numbers where possible. This is specifically aimed at the benefits portion of the case study. Potential readers will be compelled with the numbers and how they are affected by them and remain interested. • Use photos if necessary. If photos are used, be sure they are professionally done so as to not sully the quality of the case study. • Have an executive sign off...
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...ignores the misstatement. Which ethical theory did Jane use to make her decision? A. Egoism B. Justice C. Virtue ethics D. Utilitarianism Which of the following situations would be considered ethical? A. The cashier at Wal-Mart gives you $5 more than you were supposed to receive and you don't do anything about it B. You accidentally back into a car at Wal-Mart and leave your information for them to call C. Receiving fake $20 bills and using them in a store while knowing they are fake D. Finding a phone in a restaurant and keeping it Each of the following characteristics describes the importance of integrity in decision making except for: A. Acting out of moral principle B. Being loyal to one's superior C. Having the courage to do the right thing D. Not subordinating professional judgment to others Each of the following describes the behavior of Cynthia Cooper in the WorldCom fraud except for: A. Persistence B. Competence C. Integrity D. Hesitance The ancient Greeks thought of the virtues as characteristics of behavior that: A. Could lead to a good life B. Make up the "six pillars of character" C. Support the rights theory D. All of these Each of the following elements make up an integral part of what is meant by "ethics" except for: A. Accepted standards of behavior B. Knowing the difference between right and wrong C. Always following the...
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...to discuss. Break-even exists when a business makes neither a profit nor a loss. This occurs at the level of output where total costs equal total revenue, i.e. TC = TR. Some firms have to consider Actual cost, opportunity cost, explicit cost, implicit cost, Use the Internet or the Strayer Library to research a company that is competing in a purely (or perfectly) competitive market. Be prepared to discuss. * Perfectly Competitive Markets: "Market with many buyers and sellers, so that no single buyer OR seller has a significant impact on price...most agricultural markets are close to being perfectly competitive." When you have a product with no distinguishing characteristics, such as corn, then the market ends up setting the price by how much supply is on the market compared to the demand. That means sellers on commodity markets are "price takers." One corn farmer cannot say, that while his corn husk is more expensive, it comes with a sunroof or granite counter tops. Holding the quality of corn constant, there is no difference between corn from one farmer or another. And when it comes to price, if one corn farmer prices his crop below another, he will just sell it all at a lower price than his competitors. Because there are so many suppliers, the lowering of price by one is not enough to lower the overall market price. However, if GM slashes prices on its trucks, then other manufactures will have to respond by either lowering their prices or offering more (in...
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...doubt, there always exists a dilemma when company decisions are being made. It is for this reason that ethical frameworks are utilized to ensure that appropriate decisions are made in the organization. Ethics.ubc argues that ethical frameworks act like “snake detectors.” They are there to ensure that “snakes” in the organization are easily recognized before they bite. In layman’s language, they offer guidance when making decisions. Some of the ethical frameworks put forward include: * The utilitarian approach * Rights approach * Fairness approach * Common good approach * Virtue approach Utilitarian approach This approach basically focuses on the consequences of a particular action (capsim.com). For example, it considers whether an action will eventually lead to greater good than other related actions. Therefore, the most ethical decision to be made will be that which will offer maximum benefits. Rights approach In this approach, the most ethical decision to be made will have utmost respect and protection for human rights (capism.com). In this case, people have the right to make their own decisions and everyone ought to be respected in the decisions they make. Fairness approach Just as the name suggests, fairness is an emphasis considered in this case. This implies that actions are considered in terms of their fairness to those who are affected. This approach postulates that ethical actions ought to fair and consistent in every way unless...
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...foundations of ethical administration is an important topic to explore when working in a public organization, especially when pursuing a future role as a public administrator. Ethics in public administration is not a transient concept but has proven to be an approach which has shown a great deal of sustainability which is fundamental to the area of public administration. Ethics is gaining prominence in the discourse about governance today. Public organizations and public administrators should strive for high ethical standards and an ethical workplace. “The general goal of identifying ethical precepts is relatively straight forward—to develop standards of “right conduct” that are known and knowable beforehand and apply to more or less everyone—but maddeningly difficult to specify with precision, an even more onerous to practice (Martinez, 2009, p.1).” Organizations need to abide by ethics or rule of law and engage themselves in fair practices and competition; all of which will benefit the public and organization. Ethics is important because of the following: satisfying basic human needs, creating credibility, uniting people and leadership, improving decision making, long term gains, and securing the public. Ethics tries to create a sense of right and wrong in the organizations and often when the law fails, it is the ethics that may stop organizations from harming the society or environment. Ethics has now come into an important light due to administrative evils that continue...
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...law states that the court held a director breached of his duty by taking up the opportunity if he resigns from a company to take up a corporate opportunity without the company’s permission where (i) the resignation was prompted or influenced by a desire to acquire the opportunity sought by the company or (ii) it was the director’s position with the company rather than a new initiative that led the director to the opportunity which the director later acquired. Intention for resignation A director will be held in breach of duty if his main intention of resignation is to take up the opportunity. Based on the facts, Umunna resigned due to his dissatisfaction with IEF. Hence, U was held not in breach of his fiduciary duty. This aligned with Singapore law as seen from Personal Automation Mart [PAM] v Tan Swe Sang where Tan resigns to take advantage of the contract sought by PAM and the court held that Tan had breached her fiduciary duties. Definition of corporate opportunity and source of information Singapore law defines a corporate opportunity as a business opportunity which the company is considering or one which the company might reasonably be expected to be interested, given its current line of business. In PMA, it clearly shows that it was through Tan’s directorship where she had great involvement with a mature business opportunity in PMA that led her to acquire the contract thus, held her for breach of duty. However, IEF was hopeful...
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...CHAPTER 2 – Ethical Decision Making Model Objectives: * To know the definition of Ethics, * To discuss Principles of Ethical Conduct * To identify the Ideas organizing Principle of Ethics * To provide a systematic way of making ethical decision. * To encourage, motivate you to think about Ethical Decision you make. Meaning of Ethics Ethics: * Ethics provides a set of standards for behavior that helps us decide how we ought to act in a range of situations. In a sense, we can say that ethics is all about making choices, and about providing reasons why we should make these choices. moving from a primary focus on teaching employees to master the knowledge, skills, and job behaviors and apply them to the day-to-day activities (Making Choices: Ethical Decisions at the Frontier of Global Science) * Ethics refers to principles that define behavior as right, good and proper. Such principles do not always dictate a single "moral" course of action, but provide a means of evaluating and deciding among competing options. * The terms "ethics" and "values" are not interchangeable. Ethics is concerned with how a moral person should behave, whereas values are the inner judgments that determine how a person actually behaves. Values concern ethics when they pertain to beliefs about what is right and wrong. Most values, however, have nothing to do with ethics. For instance, the desire for health and wealth are values, but not ethical values. (www.josephsoninstitute...
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...business can affect the reputation, productivity and bottom line of the business. The ethics that leaders in an organization use to manage employees may have an effect on the morale and loyalty of workers. The code of ethics leaders use determines discipline procedures and the acceptable behavior for all workers in an organization. When leaders have high ethical standards, it encourages workers in the organization to meet that same level (Trevino & Nelson, 2011). Ethical leadership also enhances the company’s reputation in the financial market and community. A solid reputation for ethics and integrity in the community may improve the company’s business. Employees who use ethics to guide their behavior adhere to employee policies and rules while striving to meet the goals of the organization. Ethical employees also meet standards for quality in their work, which can enhance the company’s reputation for quality products and service. A positive and healthy corporate culture improves the morale among workers in the organization, which may increase productivity and employee retention; this, in turn, has financial benefits for the organization. Higher levels of productivity improve the efficiency in the company, while increasing employee retention reduces the cost of replacing employees. Ethics concern an individual's moral judgments about right and wrong. Decisions taken within an organization may be made by individuals or groups, but whoever makes them will be influenced by...
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...| |Unit 7: Aspect of Contract and Negligence | |UNIT TITLE & CODE | | | | |STUDENT ID |CT/HNDBM/50 | |STUDENT NAME | | | | |ASSESSOR |Mr. Seevali Amithirigala | | |1 of 1 |WORD COUNT | | |ASSIGNMENT | | | | |ASSIGNMENT HANDOUT DATE |21/11/2014 |ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION DATE | | |ASSIGNMENT REVIEW DATEs | | |ASSIGNMENT RESUBMISSION DATE |09.01.2015 | |FINAL GRADE |ORIGINAL SUBMISSION | |RESUBMISSION | | ASSESSMENT CRITERIA TO BE ASSESSED IN THIS...
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