...Most professions have an ethical guideline that most will follow and adhere too, some have more responsibility than others, the medical industry for example has a very crucial ethical standing to go with the line of work, such as patient confidentiality (2009), but that isn’t to say that ethics in other lines of work aren’t as relevant as others. The line for what is ethically right and wrong in the design/development industry can be a little blurred at times (2007), for example graffiti could be looked at by some as offensive, whereas others may see it as creative freedom. This can cause problems for designers who have to take an extra responsibility to make sure their work is ethically correct. Back in 1995 when web browsers were fairly new there had not been much thought and consideration put in to ethics related to browsers (2011), this was partly due to there a relatively small amount of the population using the internet at the time, so not every issue had been discovered or addressed. As browsers progressed ethical problems arose such as online security and what details a browser should and shouldn’t save, issues which needed addressing immediately, such as cookie law, advertisements and data tracking. Chrome is a relatively new web browser, launched in 2008 by Google. Being a new browser means any ethical issues previously found in browsers, such as how information entered by a user can be stored and how it is allowed to be used, could instantly be implemented...
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...Metz0 Chance Metz Internet Policy and Ethics Professor Golden Ethical Dilemma Paper February 11, 2013 Metz1 Internet tracking on sites like Facebook is very common place these days. It goes on behind the scenes and is rarely noticed by anyone. Advertisers use this info to sell you products. The concern is this an ethical thing to do and what can do the user do about it. That is the point of this paper to understand how internet tracking works and if it is an ethical thing for companies to be doing. If understanding how tracking works has made you uneasy, what can you do about it? Well, if this makes you drastically paranoid, you can disable cookies completely in your browser's settings and avoid the sites listed in the Wall Street Journal's web tracking investigation materials (there's more on that in my previous post, by the way). If you just want a clean slate, you can clear out your existing cookies. But, here's the really bad news: Some of the third-party trackers (including those from Dictionary.com) use a newer technology called a "Flash cookie," which was initially created to enable media players to remember unique user settings, like your preferred volume, to regenerate a tracker after you've deleted it. You just can't win with those. It's this kind of tracking practice, above all others, this has truly crossed the line from questionable to straight up wrong. If the intrusion of Flash cookies wasn't problematic enough, more particular...
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...external auditors. Nick admits that Marchetti strikes him as a honest man with years of experience. Out of concern for his aunt’s company he approached his aunt, who is not known for her accounting expertise, but is the CEO of O’Brian Software. After explaining his concerns she asked Nick whether or not they should present this information to the audit committee. Issues/Questions The initial question is whether or not the audit committee should be made aware of Nick’s revenue recognition concerns. As President and CEO of Softrax Corporation, Robert O’Connor, points out, this is a serious claim. It is imperative that Nick does his research before making such a claim. The underlying issue in this case is if O’Brian Software is creating ‘cookie jar’ reserves by understating profits in periods of prosperity and then creating false reserves in times the company needs a boost. The smoothing of revenue recognition can mislead investors by providing them a false impression of the company’s financial standing while the purpose of the financial statements is to accurately present users with the finances of the company. Before answering his aunt’s question, there is research that needs to be done. An issue with most companies is when to recognize revenue and when to defer...
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...Course code: F-209 Course title: Auditing and taxation Submitted to Mohammad Salahuddin Chowdhury Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted by Kazi Umme Sumaiya | 16-022 | Arjumand Naznin | 16-120 | Shahriar Azad | 16-142 | Tasrifa Sultana | 16-154 | Mst. Shamsunnahar | 16-176 | Date of submission: 12/11/2011 Acknowledgement The group expresses their gratitude to our honorable course teacher, Mohammad Salahuddin Chowdhury, Lecturer, Department of Finance, University of Dhaka, who has assigned us a fictional case about a corporate scandal. We choose to work with Xerox scandal that took place in 2002. We use our knowledge of audit while working in this report. Also we learn about the ways of accounting manipulations that took place in the real world. Letter of transmittal 12th Nov, 2011 Mohammad Salahuddin Chowdhury Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Dear Sir Here is a report on the “Corporate scandal of Xerox Corporation”. In this report we have presented the whole history of the scandal, identified the cause of the mishap and showed the result of the scandal. At University of Dhaka, we appreciate having this assignment. If you need any assistance in interpreting this report or if you have any query, please contact with us on the given mail address starz@yahoo.com Sincerely yours, Shahriar Azad Shashi On behalf of the group 2nd Year 2nd Semester B.B.A 16th Batch Department of Finance. Executive...
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...Ethical Challenges in Marketing Communication Ethics play an integral role in the development and sustenance of any personal or business relationship. Ethics determine the acceptable behaviors within a society and the overall behaviors of a business. Marketers must understand the impact ethics have on marketing communications and develop Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) strategies accordingly. This paper will discuss various ethical challenges facing marketers today, identify internal and external factors on IMC, and formulate two ethical questions based upon the analysis. Ethics in Marketing The practice of ethics within an organization is an important but difficult concept to understand and practice. The reason ethics are difficult to manage is that the concept is so subjective (Duncan 2002, pp. 671). Ethical values differ between societies and individual relationships, therefore a company must decide on an ethical communication strategy and portray it as consistently as possible. Duncan (2002) describes three ethical considerations companies must understand when developing marketing communications and relationships with customers. Stereotyping Stereotyping plays a significant role in developing marketing strategies that are both effective and ethical. "The challenge for brands is to develop messages that strike a chord with targeted audiences without reinforcing negative stereotypes" (pp. 672). Companies must ensure that their marketing tactics...
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...ASSIGNMENT # 3: Pricing Strategy and Channel Distribution By Strayer University MKT 500 November 8, 2010 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Pricing & Distribution Channels of Baker’s Bed & Breakfast Inn. Unlike cookie cutter hotels, Bed & Breakfast Inns are unique and they provide there own characteristics, setting, and ambiance. At Baker’s Bed & Breakfast Inn we cater to our guest tastes and needs. Pricing Strategy: Owning and operating a Bed & Breakfast can provide both financial and personal rewards. In the United States Bed & Breakfast Inns are making a comeback, serving travelers who want a special personal home-like hospitality and a good breakfast to start the day. (Bed& Breakfast Inn Online, 2009) Baker’s Bed and Breakfast Inn take pride in providing our customer’s with a luxurious accommodations. Our prices for accommodation have been set at the higher end of the market as the client base is seen as in the mid to higher socioeconomic sector. Pricing scheme is based on a room rate per night, which includes breakfast. Prices for the weekends will be 10% higher than weekdays, and when guest stay three nights or more a discount o 15% will be applied to guest bills automatically. As there are not a high level of seasonality for guests coming to the region prices will be set at the same year round except for special events such as Easter, Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Years. At these special times a 10% surcharge will...
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...books on how to get rich quick, how to succeed with cold calls, and how to find success through managing others. It is for this reason some of these books have reached the status of “best seller.” The question however is: are they “best sellers” or are they “Great practical advice that could truly make an organization succeed with easy methods to follow, understand, and keep going long term”? Among these books, one can find the latter mentioned, but the important part is taking the key concepts and molding them into what is needed for each individual organization. Even within the same vertical, different methods may work for one but bring another to its demise. These seekers should not be searching for a cookie cutter method, unless that is, their employees are cookie cutters.It is vital when learning how to manage a team and an organization to remember the beginning vision and the values to uphold. It is also important to determine one’s own dedication and align those around them with the same foresight. Furthermore, a true leader must look at all aspects for the organization from bottom to top in order to know not only how to motivate but even more so how to empower those that make up the whole. And finally, a truly successful organization cannot thrive long-term without learning to adapt to and embrace change. Below, these key concepts will be looked at in detail...
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...Marketing Plan Marketing Plan for BUSN319 Student Marketing Plan for Walmart Supercenter A Marketing Plan Presented by: Mission Statement "We save people money so they can live better." Is the mission statement for Walmart supercenter stores internationally, as is their slogan of “Save Money. Live Better” generally supporting one another. Goals Financial: 1. Financially be stable in the first five years to continue growing. 2. Provide the city of Kerman with jobs. 3. Rise to the same level of success as all other Walmarts in the Central Valley. Nonfinancial: 1. Provide the community with savings and jobs. 2. When meeting financial goals give back to the community. 3. Provide necessary materials for schooling. 4. Within 5 years provide the Kerman athletics with state of the art athletic facilities. 5. Give the community of Kerman and others around recreational areas for growing kids. Competitive Advantage Walmart has a competitive advantage over all other stores in the world hands down. It has the lowest prices guaranteed, providing the community of 20,000 with a Walmart will be a great move for the town. Walmart Supercenter’s advantage is that there are no others around in a 40 mile radius. Kerman is indeed the “Gateway to the Westside” to go to other town or communities you must pass through Kerman, there is no other option. The closest Walmart Supercenter is 40+ miles away in the well known city of Clovis...
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...Ethics and Privacy of Communications in the E-Polis Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic and Virginia Horniak Department of Computer Science and Electronics Mälardalen University Västerås, Sweden I N T R O D U C T I O N The electronic networking of physical space promises wide-ranging advances in science, medicine, delivery of services, environmental monitoring and remediation, industrial production, and the monitoring of persons and machines. It can also lead to new forms of social interaction [..]. However, without appropriate architecture and regulatory controls it can also subvert democratic values. Information technology is not in fact neutral in its values; we must be intentional about design for democracy. (Pottie, 2004) Information and communication technology, ICT, has led to the emergence of global web societies. The subject of this article is privacy and its protection in the process of urbanization and socialization of the global digital web society referred to as the e-polis. Privacy is a fundamental human right recognized in all major international agreements regarding human rights such as Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations, 1948), and it will be discussed in the chapter under the heading Different Views of Privacy. Today’s computer network technologies are sociologically founded on huntergatherer principles. As a result, common users may be possible subjects of surveillance and sophisticated Internet-based attacks. A user may be completely...
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...As every generation comes they bring with them a new invention from cars to television to the telephone the basic existence of man, in my eyes, is to advance both technologically, thus making life better for us all and also scientifically. Man wants to know all we want to be able to answer all the questions out there as every day goes by we get closer and closer to answering some of our questions. Everyday new cures for diseases are found and also new diseases are discovered, new discoveries are made in various fields, at the same time however new problems are arising. Man in every era has depended on some form of tool to help him to his tasks whatever they may be, a tool to make things easier. This tool is technology; technology does not have to be the modern thoughts of computers. Technology is "the science of technical processes in a wide, though related field of knowledge." That is the definition given by The New Lexicon Webster's Dictionary of the English Language. So technology can be anything as long as it helps us advance. It can be anything like a plough to help a farmer, a television to help the media and the telephone to help us communicate. The latest technology of the 20th Century is the Internet and it has placed a great mark on our society. It is the new "place to be" where business can advance, people can interact worldwide at the click of a mouse and this has revolutionarily changed the world. In the world of the Internet there are millions of members worldwide...
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...The Coca-Cola Company Struggles with Ethical Crises 1. Delineate the ethical issues and dilemmas (as found in Chapter 3) the company faced. In 1999 Coca-Cola started to encounter its first taste of ethical issues and all the baggage that is associated with it. One of the first challenges that Coca-Cola was confronted with was an environmental problem in some of its foreign markets which lead to health issues. After drinking some Coca-Cola products, around thirty two children in Belgian became ill. Once Coca-Cola ascertained that problem was derived from an inferior batch of carbon dioxide. For whatever reasons, Coca-Cola assumed this wasn’t a real health hazard and procrastinated on mentioning the issue. Coca-Cola would pay a heavy price because once the media learned of the problem; they chastised them for their slow reaction. The negative news became damaging to the Coca-Cola reputation. To make matters worse for Coca-Cola, France claimed that in excess of a hundred people became ill after consuming their products and the country banned all the Coca-Cola products until they could prove that the problem was solved. In Poland, Coca-Cola introduced a new product called Bonaqua. Unfortunately the Bonaqua arrived in Poland infected with mold. In essence, Coca-Cola’s reputation became tarnished because of its slow response time and failure to address the health risk associated with each situation. Also in the spring of 1999 Coca-Cola was faced with a massive Discrimination...
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...intellectual property. 4. Assess how information systems have affected everyday life. CHAPTER OUTLINE 4.1 UNDERSTANDING ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO SYSTEMS A Model for Thinking About Ethical, Social, and Political Issues Five Moral Dimensions of the Information Age Key Technology Trends that Raise Ethical Issues ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION SOCIETY Basic Concepts: Responsibility, Accountability, and Liability Ethical Analysis Candidate Ethical Principles Professional Codes of Conduct Some Real-World Ethical Dilemmas THE MORAL DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information Rights: Privacy and Freedom in the Internet Age Property Rights: Intellectual Property Accountability, Liability, and Control System Quality: Data Quality and System Errors Quality of Life: Equity, Access, and Boundaries HANDS-ON MIS Developing a Web Site Privacy Policy: Dirt Bikes USA Achieving Operational Excellence: Creating a Simple Web Site Using Web Page Development Tools Improving Decision Making: Using Internet Newsgroups for Online Market Research 4.2 4.3 4.4 Interactive Sessions: Data for Sale The Internet: Friend or Foe to Children? LEARNING TRACK MODULE Developing a Corporate Code of Ethics for Information Systems DOES LOCATION TRACKING THREATEN PRIVACY? F or many years, parents of District of Columbia public school children complained about buses running late or not showing...
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...Kellogg – 2005 Henry Beam, Western Michigan University Forest David, Francis Marion University A. Case Abstract This is a comprehensive strategic management case that includes the company’s financial statements, organization chart, competitor information, and industry trends. Sufficient internal and external data are provided to enable students to evaluate current strategies and recommend a three-year strategic plan for the company. Kellogg is headquartered in Battle Creek, Michigan, where the company was started in 1906. Kellogg’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol K. Kellogg is the world’s largest producer of ready-to-eat cereals and a leading producer of cookies and snacks, also known as convenience foods. Kellogg manufactures products in 17 countries and markets them in over 180 countries. Kellogg has a long history of international operations. It started marketing its products in Canada, England, and Australia before World War II and then entered the Latin American, European, and Asian markets. Despite its emphasis on international operations, Kellogg receives about two-thirds of its sales and pre-tax income from North America. Kellogg’s primary competition in ready-to-eat cereals comes from General Mills, headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Kellogg also competes with the Post unit of Kraft Foods and the Quaker Oats unit of PepsiCo in the ready-to-eat cereal market. General Mills’...
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...ISSUES IN E-COMMERCE Electronic commerce or ecommerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial transaction that includes the transmit of information across the Internet. Electronic commerce has expanded quickly over the past years and is anticipated to continue at this rate, or even step-up. The innovatory development of network technologies began electronic commerce as a global trend. E – Commerce utilizes electronic systems for not only buying and selling of the goods and services but also in marketing, supply management, fund transfer. Today most of the businesses rely on electronic systems at least at some points. World Wide Web, the resultant of Internetworking is the main contributor where telephone, mobile phone, fax also serve the purpose. Even though e-commerce technologies provide great benefits, any kind of online transaction give potential for immense misuse of these technologies. Several organizations become the target of e-commerce related crimes ranging from virus assault to business frauds, including e-mail theft, stealing sensitive data of person and credit card information. U.S government’s new internet fraud center does a survey that gathers and studies consumer complaints. Online auctions make nearly 50% of the complaints obtained by the center. Other major types of complaints are security and commodities complaints 16.7%, credit card complaints 4.8%, identity thefts generate 2.9% of the complaints, loss of business chances 2.5% and professional...
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...Blizzards, snowstorms, and freezing rain, war and attacks by terrorists. | Hardware or software failures, Software errors or bugs, Operating system crashes, Power outages and fluctuations, undetected data transmission errors | Unintentional Acts | Intentional Acts | Accidents caused by human carelessness, failure to follow established procedures, and poorly trained or supervised personnel, innocent errors or omissions, lost, erroneous, destroyed, or misplaced data, logic errors, systems that do not meet company needs or are incapable of handling tasks. MOST LOSSES OCCUR HERE! | Sabotage, which is destroying a system, computer fraud, misappropriation of assets, financial statement fraud, corruption. Deliberate destruction to harm a system. (Cookie: data website store on your computer that identify the site & you do not have to log on each time you visit the site) | * The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) 2014 Survey Results Show: * 5% of revenues are lost to fraud (≈ >$3.7 trillion lost globally) * Median loss: $145,000 (22% of cases involved with losses > $1,000,000) * Most frauds are fairly small in scope * Median fraud scheme lasts about 18 months * What is Fraud? * Gaining an unfair advantage over another person. All five of the following elements must be present for it to be legally considered fraud: 1. A false statement, representation, or disclosure. 2. A material fact that induces a person to act...
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