...vitamins A and C, lycopene which is a natural antioxidant, and potassium. The tomato is also used medicinally. The pulp and the juice are digestible, mild aperients (laxative), promoter of gastric secretion, and a very good blood cleanser or purifier. They are considered as an intestinal antiseptic, useful in cancer of the mouth, for sore throat. It stimulates a turpid liver, and is good for dyspepsia. It is highly prescribed for case of biliousness and it promotes the flow of bile. The juice is recommended for asthma, bronchitis, and those who have tuberculosis. One doctor says: “Tomatoes have the richest vitamins of all foods; they are the most wonderful blood cleanser of all foods known to man; the richest of all vegetables with their natural health acids which keep our stomachs and intestines in good condition; they are the most extraordinary cleanser for kidneys, being gentle, natural stimulant which help wash away the poisons that cause disease and contaminate our systems. It is for these reasons that the researchers decided to make the study. Through conceptualizing the procedures of making the tomato candy brittles,...
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...Genetically-Modified Crops and Seeds on Farmers Prepared by David Kruft, Legal Research Assistant November 2001 I. Introduction The agriculture industry has traditionally been supportive of technological advancement, particularly in the field of genetic crop improvement.1 For decades, the industry has been mixing naturally the genetic traits of seeds in the search for particularly robust varieties. Genetically-modified (GM) seeds are a significant step forward in the production of agricultural crops. GM seeds are seeds that have been modified to contain specific characteristics such as resistance to herbicides (in the case of "Roundup Ready" products) or resistance to pests (in the case of Bt corn). But the method of modification used with GM seeds varies from the traditional method in an important respect: the genes have not been modified over generations of cross-fertilization, but rather inserted directly into the DNA of the seed.2 Although this method is more efficient, critics fear that the result — a "novel gene combination" — may have health or environmental impacts that are not being adequately addressed.3 As a result, the technology is surrounded by significant controversy. The reaction of farmers to this new technology has been mixed. Some farmers have quickly adopted the technology.4 Other farmers, mindful of the controversy surrounding GM products, have hesitated to use GM seeds as part of their agricultural operations. Farmers should understand both...
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...Navajo Way of Life Kathleen E. St.Cyr ANT101 Jeffrey Ratcliffe July 16, 2012 Every culture has a primary mode of subsistence that makes them unique. Among the Navajo culture their primary mode of subsistence are pastoralists. Pastoralists have an impact on different aspects with in the culture. The aspects that I will be discussing will be the Navajo’s beliefs and values, sickness and healing, kinship, and their social organization. “Pastoralists are those who regularly move in search of naturally occurring grass and water.” (Nowak & Laird, 2010) Navajo’s are an Indian tribe that live on reservations and sometimes reside on public domains outside of the reservations. The Navajo nation is the largest reservation in North America. The Navajo tribe is the natives of what is called the Four Corners region that reside in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado. Navajo’s call themselves Dineh, meaning “the people.” “Up until 1848, the land on which the Navajos lived had belonged to Mexico. The Navajos had to continually fight not only the Spanish, but also other Indian tribes in order to live on this land.” (Oracle ThinkQuest, The Navajo People) They continued this fight up until the 1850’s and 1860’s when Americans built Fort Defiance for the Navajo country, near what is now called Window Rock, Arizona. Only soon to be captured and killed by the Americans. After having to surrender and forced to walk 300 miles to Fort Sumner in eastern New Mexico and years of...
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...Chapter 1 Analyzing Economic Problems Solutions to Review Questions 1. What is the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics? Microeconomics studies the economic behavior of individual economic decision makers, such as a consumer, a worker, a firm, or a manager. Macroeconomics studies how an entire national economy performs, examining such topics as the aggregate levels of income and employment, the levels of interest rates and prices, the rate of inflation, and the nature of business cycles. 2. Why is economics often described as the science of constrained choice? While our wants for goods and services are unlimited, the resources necessary to produce those goods and services, such as labor, managerial talent, capital, and raw materials, are “scarce” because their supply is limited. This scarcity implies that we are constrained in the choices we can make about which goods and services to produce. Thus, economics is often described as the science of constrained choice. 3. How does the tool of constrained optimization help decision makers make choices? What roles do the objective function and constraints play in a model of constrained optimization? Constrained optimization allows the decision maker to select the best (optimal) alternative while accounting for any possible limitations or restrictions on the choices. The objective function represents the relationship to be maximized or minimized. For example, a firm’s profit might be the objective...
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...Economy and Society Volume 37 Number 2 May 2008: 193Á223 Regional trade agreements and the pursuit of state interests: institutional perspectives from NAFTA and Mercosur Francesco Duina and Jason Buxbaum Abstract Are regional trade agreements (RTAs) carefully crafted projects that systematically advance their member states’ interests or do they instead generate outcomes that frustrate those interests? Works on the most prominent RTA Á the European Union Á have traditionally been split over this question. New research on international organizations parallels that literature. Combining rational choice and historical institutionalism, this article makes a middle-ground case: the limited rationality of national representatives and the complexity of RTAs ensure both the advancement and frustration of national interests. The focus is on shifting national preferences, the unpredictable implications of decisions over time and the pursuit of short-term gains to the benefit of some constituents but not others. Evidence from NAFTA and Mercosur supports these claims while highlighting, in line with recent scholarship, the need to include politics in institutionalist accounts of integration. The conclusion reflects on the findings and explores whether alternative, more flexible designs for RTAs might satisfy more fully the interests of the member states. Keywords: regional trade agreements; rational choice institutionalism; historical institutionalism; NAFTA; Mercosur; international...
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...Marketing Mix Based on the information gathered from the UK data, carrying out a relative study on the internal analysis of Kettle brand of potato chips is necessary. This analysis will give a further insight into their portfolio and performance and the steps taken to achieve their goals and objectives. As there is much more to marketing than just advertising, “Marketing Mix” refers to a combination of many elements that a company can use to market its product. It essentially looks at everything an organization can do to ensure success in marketing of its product to consumers. The marketing mix is designated by the common phrase penned by Jerome McCarthy (1960) as, “The 4 P’s of Marketing.” The 4 main “P’s” are Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. They are the foundation to the marketing mix. However, in this day and age the marketing mix has extended to 3 more P’s. They are People, Process, and Physical Evidence (Packaging). Positioning is also sometimes known as one of the P’s in the marketing mix. According to Mullins et al (2005:201), it is the perception of a product by a consumer, relative to their needs and competing products and how the company in charge of this product, aims to achieve this mindset [pic] Figure 1: Adapted [online] The Times 100 business case study (A Mcdonald’s Restaurants Case study) As seen in Figure 1 above, all four components which are inextricably interrelated, features potentially infinite...
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...Sonnenberg, Woolworths has grown to a retail giant with over four hundred stores throughout Africa and Middle East. Along with Woolworths being of such large proportions it now is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Within our study of Woolworths we will be examining the purchasing process of this retail giant and in order to achieve this we will employ tools and techniques to simplify our study. This study will compromise of a detailed discussion, illustration and evaluation of Woolworths purchasing process and for the purpose of our study we narrow down the study to a smaller aspect of Woolworths namely Woolworths Food. As we look closer into exactly what is required we employ the use of tools to aid in our study. These will consist of a SWOT analysis of the company, a PESTLE analysis of the purchasing processes and a PORTERS five forces analysis. We will then narrow down the purchasing process to one area of Woolworths namely Woolworths Food and base our study on that. A concise discussion is to follow in which we outline the most important factors that influence the purchasing decision. Included in the factors to be mentioned within our investigation we would refer to some direct and indirect influences. Using these tools of analysis we consider all possibilities within our study and then conclude our investigation providing recommendations best fitting for the situation presented. Acknowledgements The study of this company is a task of challenges and special...
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...Genetically Modified Organisms Technology, Society, and Culture Table of Contents Technical Aspect of GMO by Chad Dookie Page 3 Moral and Ethical Aspect of GMO by Ronald Claude Page 7 Cultural and Legal Aspect of GMO by Evangelina Ramirez Page 14 Environmental Issues of GMO by Donovan Collins Page 23 References Page 32 Technical Aspect of GMO by Chad Dookie Description of GMOs and the associated science Most of the populations that do shopping in the groceries to buy food for their family are not aware of the “naturalness” of the food. Groceries sell items such as; cotton seeds, rice, soy, sugar beets, yeast, cassava, papaya, bananas, food flavoring, potatoes, corn, tomatoes, squash, oils, beef, pork, chicken, salmon, peas, alfalfa, and honey. Notice that most of the items listed either came from a plant or an animal. Those are the top 20 grocery items that have been genetically modified. What are genetically modified organisms? A genetically modified organism is any living thing that has had their DNA tampered with. This can be mutating, removing, or adding genetic material into the organism. All of the items listed in paragraph one has had their DNA tampered with. Most times when people talk about genetically modified organisms, they mostly refer to plants that are genetically modified. You may be wondering how the animals listed are considered genetically modified. This is because scientists modify the plants that are being...
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... The development of this report was coordinated by Maria Michela Morese and Jonathan Reeves (Global Bioenergy Partnership Secretariat). The views expressed in this report reflect those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Global Bioenergy Partnership or those of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. For info: alessandro.flammini@fao.org ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank DDG Dried distillers grains DEFRA Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GHG Greenhouse Gas OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development PRC People’s Republic of China UAE United Arab Emirates US United States of America USDA Department of Agriculture of the United States WFP World Food Programme of the United Nations WTO World Trade Organization Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................i BACKGROUND.....................................................................................1 THE CAUSES.......................................................................................4 THE CLIMATE ISSUE ......................................................................... 4 INTERNATIONAL STOCK LEVELS......................................................... 5 INCREASED GLOBAL FOOD DEMAND................................................... 7 INCREASED OIL PRICE ..................
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...Sweet Brazilian Bioethanol Industry International Case Study Rodel M. Adriano March 31, 2013 Economics for Managers 551 Curtin University of Technology Graduate School of Business International Case Study – Assessment 2 Page 1 of 14 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 4 A. Analysis of the Ethanol Subsidy .............................................................................................................. 5 B. 1973 oil crisis............................................................................................................................................... 5 C. 2000s Energy Crisis................................................................................................................................... 7 II. III. IV. V. PRESENT COMPETITIVENESS OF BIOETHANOL ............................................................................................ 7 OTHER ALTERNATIVE FUELS ..................................................................................................................... 11 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 12 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................
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...Chapter 9 Ethanol Policy and Ethanol Politics David S. Bullock28 The United States is currently passing through one of the most exciting and controversial periods of its energy history. With the US military caught up in armed conflict in the Middle East, and with global warming looming in the minds of many expert scientists as the world’s greatest environmental challenge, a common belief is that it is more important than ever that the US develop sensible and far-sighted energy policy. Politicians’ claims aside, the politics of energy policy are rarely about what is best “for the country.” When government sets energy policy, some people gain, and others may lose. The politics of energy policy, then, are not simply, or even generally, about how to make the nation as a whole better off. Rather, the politics of energy policy are very much about interested political groups struggling against one another. This type of “special interest” politics is nothing new, and not unique to energy policy. Nevertheless, it is widely held among average Americans that the political activities of special interest politics are often bad for the nation as a whole. Because public information is a democracy’s best weapon against harmful special-interest politics, in this chapter we hope to accomplish three goals: 1) to present an outline of the “nuts and bolts” of U.S. ethanol policy; 2) to use economic analysis to examine the effects of ethanol policy, presenting arguments to cut through much of the...
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...Biotechnology is one of the innovative branches of science. Biotechnology has created new revolutions in this era by contributing industries, medical sciences, food technologies and genetics. "Biotechnology is basically defined as the use of living organisms, their parts and their biochemical processes for the creation of beneficial products." Bio-technology has its roots in the distant past and has a large, highly profitable, modern industrial outlets of great value to society for e.g. the fermentation, bio-pharmaceutical and food industries. The main reasons must be associated with the rapid advances in molecular biology, in particular, recombinant DNA technology, which is now giving bio-scientists a remarkable understanding and control over biological processes. Some Technologies used in Biotechnology: 1. Bioprocessing technology * The use of bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells and/or enzymes to manufacture products * Large scale fermentation and cell cultures, carried out in huge bioreactors, manufacture useful products * Products: Insulin, vaccines, vitamins, antibiotics, amino acids, etc. 2. Monoclonal antibodies (MCAb) * Definition: Producing antibodies for medicine by cloning a single cell * MCAb are used for Home Pregnancy tests * Used to detect cancer (they bind to tumor cells) * Used to detect diseases in plants and animals and environmental pollutants 3. CELL CULTURE TECHNOLOGIES ...
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...Intro establishes significance without taking sides: Every five years, Congress introduces a multi-billion dollar bill that affects all Americans. This legislation has come to be known as the Farm bill, and this year’s is quite possibly the most scrutinized, criticized, and important farm bill that has ever been introduced. So, the question arises: “Why is the farm bill such a controversial issue?” Dan Imhoff answers, “If you eat, pay taxes, care about the nutritional values of school lunches, worry about the plight of biodiversity or the loss of farmland and shrinking open space, you have a personal stake in the tens of billions of dollars annually committed to agricultural and food policies” (18). Now the controversy and social problems—as seen by each side—are introduced. The Farm bill is responsible for funding numerous food related programs, such as subsidies, the food stamp program, and also the farmer’s safety net, to name just a few. Where this money goes and how it is spent reflects what the United States values, and what it is defining as a social problem. Some supporters of this bill maintain that this bill provides financial security not only to agriculturalists but also to consumers as well. They believe that this bill promotes an increased emphasis on of conservation, and that it also encourages efforts to explore the merits of bioenergy. The value placed on conservation, cleaner, more efficient energy sources, and the financial protection of American citizens...
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...Mexican History Term Paper The Drug War: Failed Democratization and Market-Oriented Economics Cause Mexican Insecurity Once a model for Latin American development, Mexico is now home to an epidemic of drug related violence. The state is apparently powerless to stop organized crime, despite increasing military presence in criminal hotspots along the U.S-Mexican border. Since January 2007, more than 28,000 Mexicans died in drug violence. This is a cruel twist for a nation which, during the oil-driven Mexican Miracle of the 1970s, was poised to join the first world of stable industrialized states. Under the heavy-handed guidance of the Partido Revolutionario Institutional, Mexico seemed destined to remain a prosperous authoritarian regime with a thin veneer of democratic legitimacy. However, untested economic policies swept through the country as they did through the much of the world in the 1980s with the help of the "Washington consensus." With the removal of social security nets during an extended period of economic upheaval, Mexico's ruling party was replaced in a wave of popular discontent. The new leadership, with the institutions of an authoritarian regime, did little to relieve the nation of widespread poverty. As a result, the impoverished were unable to either escape crushing deprivation legally or mobilize to replace the government without fear of reprisal. Insurgency, in the familiar form of guerrilla movements and the novel form of increasingly powerful drug gangs...
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...the end of the world on December, 21, 2012. Other scholars who oppose this opinion say that it is not the end of the world but the end of an era. They predict not apocalypse but an era of bliss. In this era man will live peacefully with one another without strife. For clarity about the calendar and its intentions, a review of the Mayan people is needed. The Mayan culture came into existence around 300-400 AD. It is believed that it is a culture that is somewhat a derivative of the Olmec civilization. The Olmecs were an ancient Central American Indian tribe. The Maya seemed to appear among the Olmecs and soon took over the entire Yucatan Peninsula of Central America. The Mayan people were known for their sophisticated mathematics 1 as well as for being master builders. Their cities were beautifully built and connected by highways and streets made from tools of wood, ivory and stone. There was also a ball court built 2 in every city whose game included human sacrifice. Around 900 CE (Common Era), the Mayans left the cities they built and moved. It is not certain where they came from, why they left or where they went. Thus the name, the mysterious Mayas is often used in reference to the Mayan people (Martin, 2012). The Mayan Calendar was also developed by the Mayan People. 4 MAYAN CULTURE The Mayan Calendar...
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