...Cardiovascular disease includes a number of conditions affecting the structures or function of the heart. They can include: Coronary artery disease (narrowing of the arteries) Coronary artery disease (CAD) is atherosclerosis, or hardening, of the arteries that provide vital oxygen and nutrients to the heart Abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias is a type of defect in one or more structures of the heart or Heart attack- the heart does not pump as well as it should. blood vessels that occurs before birth. Heart failure-heart's pumping power is weaker than normal Heart valve disease- heart valves do not work the way they should. Congenital heart disease - heart disease that includes abnormalities in cardiovascular structures that occur before birth. Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)- the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. Pericardial disease is inflammation of any of the layers of the pericardium. The pericardium is a thin tissue sac that surrounds the heart Aorta disease- Aneurysms can form in any blood vessel, but they occur most commonly in the aorta(aortic aneurysm). The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. and Marfan syndrome inherited disease that affects the body's connective tissue, which provides the strength, support, and elasticity to tendons, cartilage, heartvalves, blood vessels, and other vital parts of the body. Vascular disease (blood vessel disease)-any condition...
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...The Deadliest Disease in the World Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most deadly disease in the world. CAD occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries causing blood clots and restricting the heart of oxygen. CAD is the number one cause of death in the United States and the world. Medications and treatments are available but nothing can take the place of being proactive and preventing the disease. ("What Is Coronary Heart Disease?") Coronary artery disease is caused when cholesterol containing deposits of plaque buildup inside the arteries that supply blood to your heart. As the plaque builds up, it begins to narrow your arteries, decreasing the amount of blood flow to your heart. The plaque often attracts other fibrous tissue such as calcium and blood components which further harden the artery by causing blood clots to form. Over time, the decreased blood flow will cause shortness of breath, chest pain and even heart attack. ("What Is Coronary Heart Disease?") According to the center of disease control, heart disease is the number 1 cause of death in the United States, killing over 780,000 people every year. Specifically, coronary artery disease is responsible for killing over 380,000 people per year. ("Heart Disease: Scope and Impact") Cardiovascular disease takes more lives than all forms of cancer combined. Furthermore, someone will have a heart attack every 34 seconds in the United States, and every 60 seconds someone will die from a heart related disease. Research shows...
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...Cardiovascular Disease is comprised of many diseases. These include coronary heart disease, which refers to blockages of the arteries that feed the heart; peripheral artery disease, which refers to blockages of the arteries that feed the arms and legs; and carotid artery disease, which refers to blockages of the arteries that feed the brain. By feeding, I am referring to the supplying of blood to these aforementioned areas. Coronary heart disease, or coronary artery disease is the number one killer in the U.S. Over 600,000 people die yearly as a result of it; and that is only in the U.S. 7.4 million people succumb to coronary artery disease every year (World Health Organization, 2015). Coronary artery disease (CAD) costs U.S. tax payers over $100 billion dollars a year; this includes cost of medical care, medications, and loss of wages and work hours (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). CAD is not as common in third world countries. This is because the plaque that forms inside the arteries does so over many years and peoples from third world countries have shorter life spans than those in rich countries like the U.S. It is considered a chronic, or long-term, disease. Prevalence or commonness of CAD depends on many factors such as age, sex, race or ethnicity, and lifestyle and/or education. It is more common in persons aged 65 or older, but is not specific to that age group. CAD has been found to start as early as age two. It is more common in men than...
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...Coronary Artery Disease The term heart disease is used to describe various types of heart conditions. Heart disease is the leading cause of deaths in the United States. It is also a leading cause in disability in the United States. More than 616,000 Americans die each year because of heart disease (National Center 2012). In 2010, all cardiovascular diseases together projected to cost $444.2 billion according to the American Heart Association (National Center 2012). In the United States, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common heart disease. Coronary heart disease can cause heart attacks, angina, heart failure and arrhythmias (CDC 2009). The coronary arteries are the first blood vessels that branch off from the ascending aorta on the heart. They supply blood to the atria, ventricles and septum of the heart. These arteries supply oxygenated and nutrient filled blood to the heart muscle. They consist of a right and left artery that surround the heart anterior and posterior (Bailey 2012). Coronary artery disease occurs when there is a buildup of plaque in the arteries. The plaque that builds up is made up of cholesterol deposits (CDC 2009). With the buildup of the plaque, the lumen of the arteries narrows over time (CDC 2009). When this process happens, it is known as atherosclerosis (CDC 2009). Atherosclerosis is a serious condition because it can lead to angina or discomfort. The most common symptom a person can experience is chest pain or discomfort because...
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...Coronary Artery Disease Mariela Faramelli HCS245 March 21, 2016 Dr. Seyra Hughes Coronary Artery Disease Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. In the united states coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in both women and men. (Medline Plus, 2014). CAD is known to happen when the arteries that supply the blood to the heart can become hardened and narrow. The build up is due to cholesterol and plaque that gets caught on the inner walls and it is called atherosclerosis. This makes it hard for the blood to flow through the arteries. When this happen it a person can have chest pain or lead to a heart attack from a blood clot. (Medline Plus, 2014). CAD affects both men and women and it can be hereditary. This can also happen with certain age, people who smoke, who are overweight and obese, who have high blood pressure and high cholesterol. It also affects those who have a poor diet and inactivity (sedentary lifestyle), and who have other health problems. (Medline Plus, 2014). People with CAD try to deal with coping strategies towards their illness. Like they might start an exercise routine, stop smoking, or just try to eat healthier. People also start by seeing a doctor to help them control high blood pressure and checking their cholesterol levels. (Medline Plus, 2014). Their beliefs are also frequently influenced by family member and this helps them to maintain a behavioral change within themselves. When a person...
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...Dr.Giselle Salgado-Jimenez June 18, 2015 Coronary Artery Disease Heart disease The topic I will explore is Coronary Artery Disease or Heart Disease in women. My question, what do healthcare providers need to know about heart disease in woman and how it is different from men will be discussed. Coronary Artery disease is the leading cause of death in woman and men in society. Many women’s risk factor goes unrecognized and untreated by their primary doctor (Pregler et al., 2009). According to familyDoctor.org, “American women are 4 to 6 times more likely to die of heart disease that of breast cancer” (2009). In generally men have an earlier onset of heart disease than to woman but have a higher survival rate from heart attach than do woman (Dzugan, 2005). Heart disease can take many forms. Different arteries supply different areas of the heart with oxygenated blood. If one or more of these arteries became narrowed or clogged as a result of coronary artery disease, or atherosclerosis the artery cannot fully supply the part of the heart it is responsible for. The heart is an effective pump only when good blood supply is maintained to all heart muscles. Most women are not aware that heart disease is a greater risk for them than breast or cervical cancer. My research has shown that women in general have a lack of knowledge of heart disease and its deadly risk.There is numerous risk factors that contribute to the risk to heart disease. Risk can be categorized into no modifiable...
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...With Coronary Artery Disease: Development and Psychometric Evaluation Ava-Gaye Shaw Reed Northeastern Hospital School Of Nursing Introduction The adherence with taking medications was found to be at a rate much lower than where the researchers had initially believed. Adherence with taking medications by patients with chronic illnesses was found to be even worse due to the lack of patient-centered, medication-specific and theoretically integrative measurement instruments. The researchers decided to work towards developing a tool that would not only be reliable but also a valid instrument that would measure the various factors that have an effect on the patients and the compliance with taking their medication. This study focused specifically on patients with coronary artery disease. This instrument was developed in two phases. Phase 1 consisted of developing the structure and content of the tool. This was defined by analyzing literature pertaining to medication adherence and interviews with patients. Phase 2 consisted of establishing the psychometric properties of the tool. Exploratory factor analyses, reliability and validity estimations were performed with a sample size of 404 patients from 3 tertiary cardiology referral centers. This phase resulted in a 16-item, three factor solution; Medication Planning Strategies, Health Risk and Health Protection. This helped to create an adherence instrument for patients on pharmacotherapy for coronary artery disease and initial...
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...skeletal muscle of post-infarction heart failure patients, European Journal of Sport Science , 2013. 2 (13), 231-239. Introduction/Purpose Congestive heart failure patients express an inability to exercise at the capacity of healthy individuals but more precisely experience reduced muscle fatigue resistance. This study was designed to elicit a clearer understanding as to whether skeletal muscle in CHF patients has a normal training response relative to both Coronary Artery Disease patients and healthy subjects following induced bouts of endurance training. Directly comparing the variables of a CHF group to a control group, in respect to aerobic capacity adaptations through endurance training, was the primary objective of this research. Researchers hypothesized, both CHF patients and normal subjects, would increase the aerobic capacity of the muscle in a similar manner. Methods 10 patients with post–infarction CHF and 13 healthy subjects were included in the study. An additional 9 people with coronary artery disease (left ventricular systolic function), were included as a second control group. Various quantitative measurements were collected, such as, ejection fraction, VO2 peak, mean peak torque, heart rate, CSA (cross sectional area of muscle), muscle fiber circumference/area and capillary length, to be used for comparative analysis. Subjects used a custom designed electromagnetic braked ergometer to engage in 6 weeks of one-legged knee extensions. Each participant’s...
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...TitleHeart Disease 1.What Is Heart Disease? The topic of heart disease usually centers on heart attacks but there are many other problems that can compromise heart functions, injure the heart tissues, or cause heart disease. Most of the major problems include coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy. The following slides will present these heart problems and their warning signs 2.Heart disease facts Heart disease refers to several conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. Arrhythmias, heart valve disease, congenital heart defects, and inflammation of the heart or its lining (the pericardium) are all diseases that affect the heart. However, this article will focus on the most common type of heart disease, coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death in the United States. Over a million people each year will have a heart attack and 25% will die before they get to the hospital while or in the Emergency Department. Prevention is the key to treatment of heart disease. Diagnosis of heart disease is often made by careful history taken by a health care practitioner. Some individuals may have atypical symptoms, including almost none at all. The testing strategy to confirm the diagnosis and plan appropriate treatment needs to be individualized for each patient diagnosed with heart disease. Treatment of heart disease depends...
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...Comprehensive Case Study: Coronary Artery Disease Jennifer Plucinak Santa Barbra City College Introduction My patient, C.R., went to his primary physician for complaints of dypsnea on exertion and frequent dyspepsia. The physician gave C.R. an exercise stress test and found abnormal ECG readings, and he was diagnosed with severe coronary artery disease. He was admitted to the hospital for a quadruple coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) a week later. Patient Assessment C.R. has a history of type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. He also has a twenty-year history of smoking, and he has been drinking 3 to 4 beers every night for about the same amount of time. My patient is 5’11’’ and weighs 212 pounds, so he is overweight. He also stated that he rarely exercises, but is on his feet, and moving around at work. C.R. has no past surgical history. When I took care of him, C.R. was post-op day three from his quadruple coronary artery bypass graft. I didn’t notice any psycho-social issues with my patient. C.R. was a pleasant 61 year old, Caucasian male, whose wife was at his bedside throughout the day. He seemed well adjusted to his new diagnosis of coronary artery disease, along with his recent open-heart surgery. He was very cooperative with his medications, he used his voldyne every hour, and he walked several times a day. He was also very receptive to learning about his new diet...
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...Heart Disease The heart is described as a strong muscle about the size of your fist that pumps blood continuously through the circulatory system through a network of elastic type tubes throughout the body. It helps make up the cardiovascular system, which consists of arteries, capillaries, and veins. Over time the heart can develop many problems such as blocked arteries caused by a buildup of cells, fat, cholesterol. This build up is commonly known as plaque. These conditions eventually lead to Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease. Heart disease is described as a range of diseases that affect the heart. There are several diseases that can be classified as heart disease. These diseases include diseases of the blood vessels, known as coronary artery disease; arrhythmias, which are complications with heart rhythm; heart infections; and heart defects you're born with, described as congenital heart defects. Heart disease can also be referred to as cardiovascular disease. Coronary artery disease (CAD) generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain, or stroke. There are many risk factors that play a role in the development of heart disease. These factors include age, family history of CAD, ethnicity, uncontrolled cholesterol, and uncontrolled blood pressure, and diabetes, lack of physical activity, obesity and smoking. Heart disease also happens to be the number one killer amongst women. Women...
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...http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/CardiacRehab/What-is-Cardiac-Rehabilitation_UCM_307049_Article.jsp#mainContent WHAT IS CARDIAC REHABILATION? Cardiac rehabilitation (cardiac rehab) is a professionally supervised program to help people recover from heart attacks, heart surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures such as stenting and angioplasty. Cardiac rehab programs usually provide education and counseling services to help heart patients increase physical fitness, reduce cardiac symptoms, improve health and reduce the risk of future heart problems, including heart attack. WHO NEEDS CARDIAC REHABILATION? * Heart attack * Heart condition, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), angina or heart failure * Heart procedure or surgery, including coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including coronary angioplasty (balloon angioplasty) and stenting, valve replacement, or a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) WHAT KIND OF SERVICES DO PROGRAMMES OFFER? * A medical evaluation to figure out your needs and limitations. The medical staff uses this information to tailor a rehabilitation program for you and help you set goals. * A physical activity program tailored to your needs. Training often starts in a group setting where your heart rate and blood pressure are monitored during physical activity. You may work with a physical therapist, exercise physiologist or other...
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...CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an abnormal functioning of the heart or blood vessels. Heart disease (HD) is a general term for a variety of heart conditions. The most common form of HD is coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease (CAD) because it involves the coronary arteries. Other types of CVD include hypertension, congestive heart failure, stroke, congenital cardiovascular defects, hardening or narrowing (atherosclerosis) of the blood vessels, including the coronary arties, and other diseases of the circulatory system. The majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is caused by risk factors that can be controlled, treated or modified, such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, lack of physical activity and diabetes. However, there are also some major CVD risk factors that cannot be controlled. In terms of attributable deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is raised blood pressure (to which 13 percent of global deaths is attributed), followed by tobacco use (9 percent), raised blood glucose (6 percent), physical inactivity (6 percent) and overweight and obesity (5 percent). MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: 1) Hypertension (high blood pressure) Blood pressure is measured as two numbers, written one over the other and recorded in millimeters of mercury – for example, 120/78 mm Hg. High blood pressure is defined as a repeatedly elevated systolic pressure of 140 or higher OR a diastolic pressure of 90...
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...Lifestyle Diseases Assessment Task : Report Health Unit 1A Contents 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………….Page 2 2. Risk Factors………………………………………………………………….Page 3. Personal Health Behaviours………………………………………………Page 4 4. Roles…………………………………………………………………………..Page 4 1. Roles of Family ……………………………………………………...Page 5 2. Roles of Friends………………………………………………………Page 5 3. Roles of Others……………………………………………………….Page 5 5. Future Implications…………………………………………………………Page 6 6. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………Page 6 Bibliography……………..………………………………………………………..Page 7 1. Introduction Lifestyle diseases are health problems that are brought about because of the lifestyle choices or the way a person lives. Lifestyle diseases can be prevented by altering the food you eat or the things you choose to do. Doing something as simple as walking to school instead of riding a car can influence your health. Heart disease is a disease that affects the function of the heart and impairs the normal functioning. It affects around 1.4 million Australians and kills 59 Australians each day; estimating one Australian every 24 minutes. Heart disease is caused by many risk factors that can be prevented. Shown by the graph below, in 2011 to 2012, the number of people who has heart disease increased with age. More than quarter of all Australians aged 75 years...
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...NUR 159 Class Information and Procedures B-1 NUR 159 Class Information and Procedures NUR159ClassInformation 3/10/2014 NUR 159 Class Information and Procedures B-2 CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR Refer to Classroom Behavior in Student Nurses Handbook TESTING INFORMATION AND PROCEDURES 1. Silent Test Reviews: Silent test reviews will be conducted after each test. Refer to Test Security in Student Nurses Handbook for further information on test reviews. Students may also schedule individual test reviews with their seminar leader. 2. Test Make-up Policy: Refer to Test Security in Student Nurses Handbook for further information on test make-up. 3. Make-up of Final Exams: In the event that a student misses the final exam for the nursing course, the student will receive a grade of incomplete or “I” for the course. Refer to the Course Grades policy found in Student Nurses Handbook. 4. Collaborative or Group testing activity: An opportunity to add a maximum of two points to individual test scores may be earned through a group testing activity. Two points will be added to individual student scores if the group activity score is 91 and above. One point will be added to individual student scores if the group activity score is 81 through 90. No points will be added to individual student score if the group activity score is 80 and less. Group testing will be conducted as follows. a. After taking the exam, individual test scantrons will be collected. The students will keep the test booklet...
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