...politics, corruption undermines democracy and good governance by flouting or even subverting formal processes. Corruption in elections and in the legislature reduces accountability and distorts representation in policymaking; corruption in the judiciary compromises the rule of law; and corruption in public administration results in the inefficient provision of services. It violates a basic principle of republicanism regarding the centrality of civic virtue. More generally, corruption erodes the institutional capacity of government if procedures are disregarded, resources are siphoned off, and public offices are bought and sold. Corruption undermines the legitimacy of government and such democratic values as trust and tolerance. Recent evidence suggests that variation in the levels of corruption amongst high-income democracies can vary significantly depending on the level of accountability of decision-makers.[3] Economic effects[edit] See also: Corporate crime In the private sector, corruption increases the cost of business through the price of illicit payments themselves, the management cost of negotiating with officials and the risk of breached agreements or detection. Although some claim corruption reduces costs by cutting bureaucracy, the availability of bribes can also induce officials to contrive new rules and delays. Openly removing costly and lengthy regulations are better than covertly allowing them to be bypassed by using bribes. Where corruption inflates the...
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...Corruption Sanchit Avasti Roll no. 03 TYBMM Introduction of corruption What is Corruption? In philosophical, theological, or moral discussions, Corruption is spiritual or moral impurity or deviation from an ideal. In economy, Corruption is payment for services or material which the recipient is not due, under law. Corruption means the state of being bad and dishonest, especially in matters concerning money. It creates a very impact to the country's education, occupation, living style and mostly the humanity. Corruption affects all regions of the world and all levels of society, but the impact is greatest in developing countries. Every year, developing countries lose USD 50 million to 100 million through corrupt acts Corruption undermines political, social and economic stability and damages trust in institutions and authorities. It also fuels transnational crime. Terrorists and organized criminals are aided in their illegal activities by the complicity of corrupt public officials. Types of Corruption Corruption became a sway all over the world now-a-days. It can be categorized in three types. There are three broad classifications of corruption, which are however not mutually exclusive: Petty and Grand corruption: Petty Corruption: • Practiced on a smaller scale. Defined as the use of public office for private benefit in the course of delivering a pubic service. Usually involves relatively small amounts of money, including bribery (grease money or speed...
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...whether the Westminster model system of government adopted by English speaking Caribbean countries accommodates corruption as a way of governance. First of all, the Westminster system is a democratic parliamentary system of government that was adopted by the Commonwealth Countries. The system was created in the United Kingdom and was adopted after the British left its colonies in the Caribbean and left in place political institutions and norms. In addition the term Westminster originated from the Palace of Westminster, the seat of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Most of the Commonwealth Countries used this system as the national and subnational legislatures and it’s a series of procedures for operating a legislature, the Commonwealth Countries that operate under the Westminster, parliament are said to be uses the bicameral legislation (parliaments are divided into two house) or the unicameral (one parliaments). Some Characteristic of a Westminster are: • a head of state • a head of government (or head of the executive), known as the prime minister (PM) • a de facto executive branch usually made up of members of the legislature with the senior members of the executive in a cabinet led by the head of government • Parliamentary opposition (a multi-party system) • an elected legislature, often bicameral and some unicameral in which at least one house is elected, • a lower house of parliament with an ability to dismiss a government by “withholding (or blocking) Supply”...
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...The Effects of Corruption and Economic Growth Cassandra Rogers Economics 523 Dr. David Dieterle Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………3 Effects of Corruption on Economic Growth………………………………………………………4 Definition of Corruption..................................................................................................................4 Economic Rent…………………………………………………………………………….4 Bribery…………………………………………………………………………………….5 Trade Restrictions…………………………………………………………………………5 Is Corruption Good or Bad for an Economy………………………………………………………6 Low Levels of Corruption…………………………………………………………………6 Vietnam’s Economic Growth……………………………………………………..7 High Levels of Corruption………………………………………………………………...8 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………...8 References………………………………………………………………………………………..10 Abstract Corruption alone is not what fails an economy in growth. There are other factors to consider, such as, a weak and unstable government institution. Corruption can actually bypass these irregularities and possibly create growth in an economy. Studies show that there is no actual link between corruption and economic growth in “free” countries. In fact, low levels of corruption in free countries can be beneficial in economic growth. However, high levels of corruption can damage economic growth no matter the type of government institution or not. Effects of Corruption on Economic Growth If you ask citizens today, a great majority would probably...
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...Hewlett-Packard [Year] CORRUPTION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA: Introduction Nigeria is rich in natural and human resources, with a population of over 150 million people; the most populous country in Africa. At the time of her political Independence, on 1st October 1960, Nigeria excelled in production of agricultural produce such as groundnut, palm oil, cocoa, cotton, beans, timber and hides and skins. Then, during the oil boom period of the seventies Nigeria made headlines with her oil wealth, as a country richly endowed with oil and natural gas resources capable of financing a number of important projects to meet basic consumption and development needs (Salisu, 200:2). With per capital income of around $1,100 during the late 1970’s Nigeria was regarded as the fastest growing country in Sub-Sahara Africa (Salisu, Ibid). Yet it remains predominantly underdeveloped due to the scourge of corruption that has corroded it. Corruption denies the ordinary citizen the basic means of livelihood, it worsen unemployment and erodes our image as a nation and as individual (Danjuma Goje 2010:1). It has undermined Nigeria’s economic growth and development potential, with a per capital income of $340, Nigeria now ranks amongst the least developed countries in the World Bank League table (Salusi, op.cit). Nigeria’s higher education system once regarded as the best in Sub-Sahara Africa is in deep crisis. Health services are woefully inadequate, graduate unemployment...
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...and corruption in the world that we are currently living based on the mixed economic worldview which is my personal economic worldview which threatens to undermine the stability of economic and political development on both a national and global scale, and which requires both immediate and wide-ranging policy interventions. The recent concern with corruption is attributable, not to any substantive increase in corrupt practices, but rather, to the re-framing of corruption in light of broader shifts and transformations within the global economy. The historical context of globalization covers centuries. This paper reviews the types, forms as well as the consequences of corruption. The paper also reviews the issues associated with globalization and the effect it has on the lives of various individuals. It questions the view that, under certain conditions, corruption may enhance efficiency and argues that though corruption may benefit powerful individuals it will indubitably lead to greater inefficiency and a waste of resources at a macro-economic level. Table of Contents ABSTRACT i INTRODUCTION iii BACKGROUND iv Forms of Corruption vi 1.1 Bribery vi 1.2 Theft and fraud vi 1.3 Embezzlement vi 1.4 Nepotism vi 1.5 Conflict of Interest vi 1.6 Favouritism vii Types of Corruption vii 2.1. Grand corruption vii 2.2 Political corruption vii 2.3 Corporate corruption vii 2.4 Administrative corruption vii 2.5 Petty corruption vii 2.6 Systemic corruption vii ...
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...omKennesaw State University DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects 4-1-2013 A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria Chinelo Okekeocha Kennesaw State University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/etd Part of the Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Okekeocha, Chinelo, "A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria" (2013). Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects. Paper 566. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses and Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria Chinelo Okekeocha A Practicum Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Public Administration Kennesaw State University May 2013 A Case Study of Corruption and Public Accountability in Nigeria Executive Summary In 2011, Nigeria was ranked 143th out of 182 countries surveyed by the Transparency International in its corruption perception index indicating the level of corruption in the country as compared to other countries. Although this came as an improvement from the previous years, it did not result from an improved system of governance, rather it was due to an increase...
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...Business and Behavioral Sciences Vol. 2, No.6; June 2012 Corruption: Causes and Effects in Pakistan’s Case (A Review Research) *Dr. Muhammad Tariq Khan1, Dr. Naseer Ahmed Khan2, Sheraz Ahmed3, & Khalid Mehmood4 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences University of Haripur, PAKISTAN 2 Postmaster General, Pakistan Post, Rawalpindi, PAKISTAN, 3Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences University of Haripur, PAKISTAN, 4Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences Hazara University, PAKISTAN *tariq_phd@yahoo.com Abstract There is a growing worldwide concern over corruption at the present time. The increasing public interest and concern over corruption have resulted in a large amount of scholarly research on the subject. The concept of economic rent is important in corruption. In Pakistan, the corruption is deep rooted and has many dimensions. There are several causes and remedies for the public policy makers to root out corruption in Pakistan. Key Words: Corruption, Economic rent, Developmental obstacle. Social evil, Remedies Introduction Corruption is a universal curse around the world and exists in all the countries as a common phenomenon, both in developing or poorer countries and developed countries. The difference is only of the degrees of corruption. In the last five years, leading politicians in U.K., Belgium, France, Spain and Italy have been convicted of corruption and in fact, the entire European Commission resigned because...
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...Abstract Corruption and corporate and personal integrity is becoming a major problem in the global economy we live in today. Corruption is defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. Numerous national and multinational companies face serious cultural problems including corruption and integrity issues. Today there are many reasons as to why corruption and lack of integrity is harmful to so many countries. Corruption affects a countries politics, economy, society, and overall environment. When the counties leadership is lacking integrity, than a corrupt country cannot develop, which causes the country to become even more corrupt. In addition, the corrupt countries economy suffers with the potential depletion of their national wealth. However, the damage of corruption on society is most damaging of all. Country corruption and unethical behavior diminishes trust in the government, politics, and leadership of their country. This in turn creates the potential for more unethical behavior and corruption in that society. Overall, the environment of that country suffers and only creates a domino effect of more unethical behavior and corruption across the spectrum. Haiti has been ranked as one of the most corrupt country in the World by Transparency International. Once a tourist’s attraction, Haiti was one of the most beautiful mountainous countries of the Caribbean Islands now it is pledge by corruption and a government that lacks moral and integrity. It...
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...Introduction: Corruption means committing crime and mischief to the country. It causes great harm to the countrymen. None escape from the harm of corruption. It is a social malady. It spreads its greedy clutches all over the country; each and every government sector of the country is affected by corruption. Government officials, clerks, secretaries and even ordinary peons, security officers and others are engaged in corruption. They take bribe from common people for giving any service. Our country, Bangladesh, has topped the list of corrupt countries five times. There is none to raise voice against the galloping corruption! Even the organizations that collects data about corruption – are themselves corrupted in a very secret way! However there are many reasons behind this corruption. The greed for power, pelf, wealth and money is the root cause of corruption. Avarice, dishonesty, nepotism and favoritism are also responsible for corruption. Corruption Statement of Problem: This paper analysis’s the corruption in Bangladesh. I will discuss the current situation of corruption and its effect. We know that corruption is the main obstruction for development in Bangladesh. This topic is very much related to our social life for that reasons I will try to fulfill the purpose of this research. Objectives of Research: It is very important to identify the objectives of any research .I will describe all the objectives of this research on corruption in Bangladesh. The objectives...
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...ethical principles and practices of the least and most corrupt governments, as determined by Transparency International, are as distant from one another as matter is from anti-matter. New Zealand and Denmark are hands down more ethical than their polar opposites, Somalia and Afghanistan. This paper attempts to paint a picture of how distant and discuss the variety of contributing factors, from minimum wage to deep seated and institutionalized cultural mores. Article Corruption, as defined by Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary, is “an impairment of integrity, virtue or moral principle.” Equally relevant is the definition of government: “the organization, machinery, or agency through which a political unit exercises authority and performs functions..” In the scope of this paper, I intend to discuss the impact of ethical conduct, or lack of, as it relates to the degree of corruption evidenced in the conduct of governments. In short, is it the government which is corrupt, or the persons that comprise the government? Further, what impact if any does the type of government play in the degree of corruption displayed in a given government’s actions? And last, if the actions of a government which is described as corrupt are in keeping with societal norms of the region, is it right to describe them as corrupt by using a foreign measurement? And the winner is….New Zealand. According to the most recent Corruption Perception Index (CPI) report provided by Transparency International...
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...Corruption in the Government and Politics Abstract Political and government corruption has been a big problem in America for a long time. After careful research and investigating, corruption has a way of splitting a country. Corruption in government and political corrupt seems to go hand-in-hand. In America corruption has been an issue at the highest level of government which starts at the executive level of the Presidency. Over the years corruption has reared its head in other areas of our government from the President throughout Congress and even into our state and local level government. Introduction Throughout the history of the United States of America corruption in government has been an issue. Corruption in government has been an ongoing problem from the beginning of our government. Corruption dates back to the conception of our Constitution of the United States. The constitution was created and delivered in the year 1787. It was the creation of hope that this document would set forth some rules and regulations for our country as well as the citizens of this great nation to follow. It included our rights as citizens and the guarantee of having a government to carry out the will of the people. Government and political corruption was an issue even for the framers of our constitution. Before the final draft of our constitution, the document was revised several times before it was presented. The idea was that by creating the constitution it would...
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...Africa is a continent that is filled with corruption. This corruption lead to the allowance of exploitation of the African people, decreasing their quality of life. The exploitation and corruption occurred in the workplace, wages, political systems, and more. This causes many issues in the continent such as poverty, and illness. This corruption shows that people are willing to exploit others in order to make profits, but that people will always fight against the exploitation to better their communities lives. It also shows that Africans were dehumanized in the process to exploit them to the extent that occurred. This dehumanization of Africans affects how they are treated, and has been hard to reverse the effects. Their efforts to better Africa shows that human spirit is hard to break, and that a change needs unity in a community. Africa is filled with corruption that has had many causes...
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...DEVELOPMENT THEORY AND EXPERIENCE PROJECT CORRUPTION AND DEVELOPMENT PREPARED BY:- SHREYA BHARADWAJ(623) SWATI PAHWA(662) CONTENTS 1. What is corruption? 2. Need for a theory of corruption 3. Origin of corruption 4. Causes of corruption 5. Measuring corruption 6. A sketch of a theory linking corruption and development. 7. Correlation 8. Effect of corruption on development 9. Conclusion 10.Bibliography 11. Appendix 1. What is corruption? Now-a-days corruption can be seen everywhere. It is like cancer in public life, which has not become so rampant and perpetuated overnight, but in course of time. When we talk of corruption in public life, it covers corruption in politics, state governments, central governments, "business, industry and so on. Public dealing counters in most all government offices are the places where corruption most evident. If anybody does not pay for the work it is sure work won't be done. Corruption is a particularly serious issue in developing economies like India. “High levels of corruption limit investment and growth and lead to ineffective government. Developing countries and those making a transition from socialism are particularly at risk, but corruption is a worldwide phenomenon.” “If corruption does slow down economic development, East Asia must be an exception because while the region seems corrupt, it is able to attract lots of foreign investment and generate growth.” ...
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...Caruso H Mod Literature 1 May 2014 Analysis of corruption in Russia “They steal,” said Nikolai Karamzin, Russian poet, historian, and philosopher, to sum up Russia. His statement is quite accurate, because that is exactly what has been happening in Russia for the past half a millennia. Corruption is one of the main causes of all the problems in Russia. It has spread from the central government into the economy, education, health care, and national defense. Corruption directly impacts the lives of Russian citizens and the relationship with foreign nations. Russia is known to have a long history of corruption, every year it is becoming an increasing problem because it brings an overall instability to the country and affects all of its citizens. The money intended for the social systems is being routed into the pockets of rapacious politicians and criminals. What is corruption? According to the Oxford dictionary corruption is “dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery,” this is exactly what it means, but in Russia it is much more complex. There are many categories, types, and tier of corruption in Russia, each dealing with different aspects of the practice. Two main types exist, the grand and petty corruption. Grand corruption deals with the government branches, and has a greater monetary value. This type involves corruption in politics, lawmaking, and government contracts. Petty corruption is are the insignificant bribes within the smaller...
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