...Clinical trial budget Clinical Trial/Study according to ICH E6, Good Clinical Practice : Consolidated Guideline is any investigation in human subjects intended to discover or verify the clinical, pharmacological, and or other pharmacodynamic effects of an investigational product, and/or to identify any adverse reactions to an investigational product, and or to study absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of an investigational product with the object of ascertaining its safety and/or efficacy.” Earlier clinical research was carried out by medical school departments and physicians who conducted studies in addition to full clinical practice without any financial pressure or monitory benefit involved. Medical Schools and centres find clinical trials as a means of generating funds moreover numerous CRO have now sprung up around the world and major stock...
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...regulatory requirements for clinical trials pose considerable challenges for the clinical research community. The clinical research Quality Assurance (QA) profession as a whole has not historically utilised quality management tools, and QA professionals may have little to no formal training in continuous improvement methods, to be aware of their value in assessing and improving the impact and value of the QA department to any organisation. This article will present Deming’s 14 Principles for Management, paraphrasing them to demonstrate how easily they can apply to the clinical trial project management, Contract Research Organisation (CRO) and clinical department management. Deming’s 14 Principles Dr. William Edwards Deming is known as the father of the Japanese post-war industrial revival and was regarded by many as the leading quality guru in the United States. Deming created 14 Principles for Management that summarised his business philosophy. The principles became a basis for transformation of industry. The 14 principles apply anywhere, from small organisations to large ones, to the service industry as well as to manufacturing. They apply to any division within a company. 2. Adopt the New Philosophy Management should actually adopt the ‘quality philosophy’, rather than merely expect the workforce to do so. When the new clinical trial project is thoroughly planned and the quality matters are carefully embedded into it by the study management, while creating the atmosphere...
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...7/1/2011 Contents Introduction 2 What is clinical research? 2 The state of health in India 2 Clinical Research Market in India 3 Factors that Continue to Make India Attractive for Future Clinical Trial Outsourcing: 4 Challenges for the Indian Clinical Research Industry 6 Cinical research profession 7 Conclusion 8 Introduction Successful persons in business are noted to be blessed with innovation, perseverance and a broad vision. Its critical to have the “big picture” in mind while we want to position and well-establish the smallest things, after all the intensity of effect that something can cause cannot be under-estimated. A tiny sim-card that provides enormous data and communication coverage, an atom bomb which caused ruthless destruction in Japan, a small silicon chip that provides powerful processing speed in our computers, a tablet of aspirin that at times saves life; none can be ignored. It is important, thus, to identify the patterns, the trends, the relationships between smaller items in the “big picture” to channelize our efforts towards a unique direction. Behind every innovation lies a unique idea, and behind every successful idea lies the large audience it will cater to. Clinical research is one such area that can help a large population with some of their grave needs through small yet life-changing discoveries. What is clinical research? As per wikipedia.com, “Clinical research is a branch of medical science that determines the...
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...Clinical Research And It's Scope in India Clinical research is a current booming industry. It provides scientific analysis of the impact, risks, benefits and efficacy of medicines or a medicinal product. The trials are done before initiating the products in the market. The tests are performed at different stages and after-launch, surveys are held to supervise the safety and monitor the side effects if any. The Clinical Research Organisations (CRO) or pharmaceutical companies carry out the tests. It is the best time to become part of this fast evolving industry. So how to enter this field? The prerequisite is an educational qualification in clinical research. The term clinical research refers to the entire record of a drug/device/biologic,...
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...founder and president of the Balanced Scorecard Collaborative, Palladium Group, in Lincoln, Massachusetts. Bjarne Rugelsjoen (bjarne@rugelsjoen.no) is a director at GoalFocus, a performance-coaching consultancy based in London. Managing Alliances with the Balanced Scorecard Fifty percent of corporate alliances fail. But you can increase your partnership’s odds of success by applying these techniques. by Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton, and Bjarne Rugelsjoen 114 Harvard Business Review January–February 2010 HBR.ORG C ILLUSTRATION: BRETT RYDER orporate alliances are a 50/50 bet—at least according to a recent study by McKinsey & Company, which found that only half of all joint ventures yield returns to each partner above the cost of capital. That’s worrying, given that partnerships and alliances are central to many companies’ business models. Originally used to outsource noncore parts of supply chains, alliances today are expected to generate a competitive advantage. So it is necessary to dramatically improve their odds of success. Why do alliances fail so often? The prime culprit is the way they are traditionally organized and managed. Most alliances are defined by service level agreements (SLAs) that identify what each side commits to delivering rather than what each hopes to gain from the partnership. The SLAs emphasize operational performance metrics rather than strategic objectives, and all too often those metrics become outdated as the business environment changes...
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...approval on December 9, 1997, for the prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Evista®, generically known as raloxifene hydrochloride, would be entering the estrogen replacement market, a market that had worldwide sales in excess of $1 billion in 1997.[1] Of even wider significance was the fact that in initial trials, Evista® appeared to lower the incidence of breast cancer and reduced total LDL in post-menopausal women without the negative side effect profiles of currently available estrogen replacement therapies. The potential of this new therapeutic and its impact on Lilly could be enormous. Some analysts predicted that Evista® might become a $1B drug for the company.[2] With this in mind, Watanabe knew that the decision on how best to commercialize Evista® would have a profound effect on Lilly’s well-being. Should Lilly follow its traditional approach to commercialization? Or should Lilly follow a course more in line with the development approach adopted for Evista® in early 1995, which would require the organization to transform its heavyweight product development team into a focused product (commercialization) team? In a senior management meeting later in the day, Watanabe would have to make a recommendation. Company Background Eli Lilly and Company was incorporated in 1901 to pursue the drug manufacturing business founded in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1876 by Colonel Eli Lilly. A pharmaceutical chemist and a U.S. Civil...
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...------------------------------------------------- Clinical trial From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. Please consider splitting content into sub-articles and using this article for a summary of the key points of the subject.(October 2010) | Clinical trials are a set of procedures in medical research and drug development that are conducted to allow safety (or more specifically, information about adverse drug reactions and adverse effects of other treatments) and efficacy data to be collected for health interventions (e.g., drugs, diagnostics, devices, therapy protocols). These trials can take place only after satisfactory information has been gathered on the quality of the non-clinical safety, and Health Authority/Ethics Committee approval is granted in the country where the trial is taking place. Depending on the type of product and the stage of its development, investigators enroll healthy volunteers and/or patients into small pilot studies initially, followed by larger scale studies in patients that often compare the new product with the currently prescribed treatment. As positive safety and efficacy data are gathered, the number of patients is typically increased. Clinical trials can vary in size from a single center in one country to multicenter trials in multiple countries. Due to the sizable cost a full series of clinical trials may incur, the burden of paying for all the necessary people and services...
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...drug companies to be monopolistically competitive but I think it is an oligopoly. Oligopoly is a market structure with significant barriers of entry and exit, many consumers and few firms. With a close look of the drug business you will realize that is it has all the characteristics of an oligopoly started above. Because of the fewer number of firms there is always the tendency of collision, secondly in a relatively un-concentrated market barriers to entry and may simply reflect high operating cost. The high cost of getting this product to the market include clinical trials, patent approval and FDA approval; industry-financed studies claimed $114 million 1987, later went up to $231 million, $403 million, and then $2.1 billion in 2006 for FDA approval, patent approval and clinical trials. Oligopolies in most cases tend to go multinational which is largely associated with todays’ drug companies. In terms of research and development, I will say it is the backbone of the pharmaceutical industry which makes it very important. I will want to focus on Pfizer one of the big names in this industry. Pfizer’s Global Research and Development is probably the group that the company takes the most pride in for obvious reasons. If we take a broader look at R&D we will see the role ...
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...September 2005 Project Portfolio Management at XYZ Pharma Early morning, Monday 29th August 2005. John Smith, head of portfolio management and strategic planning, was paging through the slides he had prepared for the Portfolio Management Board (PMB) meeting which would start at 9 am, and which was scheduled to last until Friday. “We have been preparing this meeting for weeks”, he thought, “and it seems the PMB has some tough decisions to make”. The PMB of XYZ Pharma, the pharmaceutical division of XYZ, one of the world’s leading companies in the life science sector, convenes yearly in August to review the composition of the research and development (R&D) project portfolio. It also meets on a monthly basis to monitor the project portfolio and make decisions regarding new developments. According to John Smith, “The PMB is an important decision making body because it shapes the future of the company by determining its product pipeline”. The PMB members include the CEO of XYZ, the CEO of XYZ Pharma, the heads of the different business units, the heads of Development, Research, Global Marketing and Strategic Planning, the regional heads for the US, Europe and Japan and the functional managers for Regulation, Clinical, Licensing, Technical Research and Development, and Patents. The portfolio group, led by John Smith, had analysed the project portfolio carefully and had highlighted several potential threats that required action. According to John, “There will be an indepth discussion...
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...September 2005 Project Portfolio Management at XYZ Pharma Early morning, Monday 29th August 2005. John Smith, head of portfolio management and strategic planning, was paging through the slides he had prepared for the Portfolio Management Board (PMB) meeting which would start at 9 am, and which was scheduled to last until Friday. “We have been preparing this meeting for weeks”, he thought, “and it seems the PMB has some tough decisions to make”. The PMB of XYZ Pharma, the pharmaceutical division of XYZ, one of the world’s leading companies in the life science sector, convenes yearly in August to review the composition of the research and development (R&D) project portfolio. It also meets on a monthly basis to monitor the project portfolio and make decisions regarding new developments. According to John Smith, “The PMB is an important decision making body because it shapes the future of the company by determining its product pipeline”. The PMB members include the CEO of XYZ, the CEO of XYZ Pharma, the heads of the different business units, the heads of Development, Research, Global Marketing and Strategic Planning, the regional heads for the US, Europe and Japan and the functional managers for Regulation, Clinical, Licensing, Technical Research and Development, and Patents. The portfolio group, led by John Smith, had analysed the project portfolio carefully and had highlighted several potential threats that required action. According to John, “There will be...
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...September 2005 Project Portfolio Management at XYZ Pharma Early morning, Monday 29th August 2005. John Smith, head of portfolio management and strategic planning, was paging through the slides he had prepared for the Portfolio Management Board (PMB) meeting which would start at 9 am, and which was scheduled to last until Friday. “We have been preparing this meeting for weeks”, he thought, “and it seems the PMB has some tough decisions to make”. The PMB of XYZ Pharma, the pharmaceutical division of XYZ, one of the world’s leading companies in the life science sector, convenes yearly in August to review the composition of the research and development (R&D) project portfolio. It also meets on a monthly basis to monitor the project portfolio and make decisions regarding new developments. According to John Smith, “The PMB is an important decision making body because it shapes the future of the company by determining its product pipeline”. The PMB members include the CEO of XYZ, the CEO of XYZ Pharma, the heads of the different business units, the heads of Development, Research, Global Marketing and Strategic Planning, the regional heads for the US, Europe and Japan and the functional managers for Regulation, Clinical, Licensing, Technical Research and Development, and Patents. The portfolio group, led by John Smith, had analysed the project portfolio carefully and had highlighted several potential threats that required action. According to John, “There will be an indepth discussion...
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...Dr. Burns Case Study Assignment 1 Operations Management 505 Submitted to Coach Jan Wirsam From Lise Beland June 21, 2013 Word Count: Table of Contents Background …………………………………………………………………………..1 The Technology……………………………………………………………………....2 Operations Strategy………………………………………………………. ……….. 3 Cash Flow Statements…………………………………………………………………………….4 Clinical Trial Work Design Process…………………………………………………4 Final Recommendation……………………………………………………………….5 References………………………………… …………………………………………6 Background: Dr. Nicholas Burns, a sole practitioner dentist in a small town in Ontario, is considering the purchase of a new dental laser which allows dentists to perform certain dental treatments without anesthesia. He wondered if the benefits of the new dental laser would justify the expenditure. Dr. Burns knew he should consider whether the technological advantage offered by the new dental laser would improve his office's profitability and the possibility that a different technology may become the standard in the industry. Issue 1: Will Waterlase become a sought after technology? OPERATIONS STRATEGY Analysis 1: Waterlase is a proven technology that provides the patient with a revolutionary treatment. The laser has been approved by Health Canada since 1998 and it main benefits enable better clotting and healing on soft tissues. The reduced...
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...contributing factor for CAD. An estimated 785,000 Americans will have a new CAD event and approximately 470,000 will have a recurrent attack. The cost of CAD is astounding and is estimated at $172 billion annually (Heidenreich, el. al., 2011). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States (US) and is responsible to 17% of the national health expenditures. It has been eight years since new cholesterol guidelines have been updated and the new guidelines have created a little controversy. The ATP IV guidelines set by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) have created many waves in the treatment of cholesterol and lipid management. The guidelines stress the prevention of stroke as well as heart disease and focuses on statin therapy rather than other alternative unproven therapeutic agents. It also recognizes that more intensive treatment is superior to less intensive treatment for many patients. History Cholesterol screening guidelines have evolved and changed over the past couple of years, but there continues to be gaps in care with an insufficient number of patients receiving standard of care with lipid-lowering therapy. The numerous guidelines set out by specialty practices have been shown to be a contributing factor to suboptimal management of cholesterol management. The new ATP IV guidelines established by the ACC/AHA have sparked considerable controversy from the previous ATP III guidelines and many professional...
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...repair or replace tissue or organ function lost due to age, disease, damage, or congenital defects. In late 2008 Tengion management faces a difficult dilemma. In light of the financial crises, the company needs to manage cash burn by prioritizing its R&D efforts. CEO Nichtberger needs to recommend to the board which of two promising new medical treatments to keep developing while placing the other on hold. In comparing the two options, a host of factors need to be considered-- these range from assessing the regulatory challenges, manufacturing challenges, marketing challenges (in particular pricing), and partnering challenges. Each of the treatments would target a unique patient population that differs in both size and composition. Tengion must also consider how quickly it might expect to bring each of the two treatments to market. The decision could have significant long-term implications for the company's ultimate survival and success. Tengion’s lead product Augment was primarily targeted towards patients suffering from Spina bifida (SB) and spinal cord injury (SCI) whose bladders did not function properly. There were 2,000 new cases (babies) of Spina bifida (SB) every year and 12,000 new cases of spinal cord injury (SCI) every year. There were presently 259000 living survivors. Tengion’s second product in line was Conduit which was entering phase I trials. Conduit’s primary target population was bladder cancer patients. 71,000 cases of bladder cancer were reported every year...
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...evidence-based medicine has gained increasingly broad-based support in health care, but many doctors still aren’t using it. With a lean towards Pharmacy management, I researched the barriers providers and institutions are faced with in successfully incorporating evidence-based medicine and how initiating organizational improvements can help. The research highlights some important considerations to be aware of that gives evidence-based medicine a bad name, the pitfalls to avoid, and some ways providers and institutions are working to overcome them. Introduction This paper begins by giving an overview of evidence-based medicine, what it is, and the benefits to be realized by providers, insurers, and patients. I compared that to what providers were using before EBM. Next, I examine the barriers to successfully incorporating evidence-based medicine, and the negative perceptions that dissuade their use by clinicians. Identified are the disadvantages such as source information bias, ethics considerations, and the dangers in using EBM to set Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG). The research highlights some important considerations to be aware of that gives evidence-based medicine a bad name. I looked at pitfalls to avoid and some ways providers and institutions are working to overcome them. Finally, I included an overview, from a pharmacy management perspective, of how improvements techniques...
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