...Accounting is the disciplinary technology which enables the prioritising of the financial above all other considerations (Loft 1991). As the focus of a business is on profit, prominence must be placed on the circumstances in which the finances exist. However, as this literature review will highlight, there is more to operating and maintaining a business than money – the human aspect should never be underestimated and can never be eliminated. The emphasis of this literature review examines, quite fittingly, some of the works written on management accounting, a topic which gives credence to both the financial and the behavioural aspects of an organisation. It hones in on monetary costs and the need for control on and from management to ensure the longevity of the organisation. Management accounting defined The inherent difference between the two main types of accounting is in the usage of information. Ultimately, the different uses and users of the information mean that each type incorporates different techniques, which also set the two apart. However, Kieso, Weygandt, & Warfield (2011) capture the essence of the separateness in their definitions of the terms: Financial accounting is the process that culminates in the preparation of financial reports on the enterprise for use by both internal and external parties. (p. 5) whereas Managerial accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, analysing, and communicating financial information needed by management to plan...
Words: 318 - Pages: 2
...ACCT 3020 Cost and Management Account II Case Study Zhuhai Company The Company Zhuhai Company was a medium-sized, partly integrated paper company, producing white and kraft papers and paperboard. A portion of its paperboard output was converted into corrugated boxes by the Design division, which also printed and colored the outside surface of the boxes. Including Design, the company had four producing divisions and a timberland division which supplied part of the company’s pulp requirements. For several years each division had been judged independently on the basis of its profit and return on investment. Top management had been working to gain effective results from a policy of decentralizing responsibility and authority for all decisions but those relating to overall company policy. The company’s top officials felt that in the past few years the concept of decentralization had been successfully applied and that the company’s profits and competitive position had definitely improved. The Issue and controversy In early 2013 the Production division designed a special display box for one of its papers in conjunction with the Design division, which was equipped to make the box. Design’s package design and development staff spent several months perfecting the design, production methods, and materials that were to be used. Because of the unusual color and shape these were far from standard. According to an agreement between the two divisions...
Words: 1012 - Pages: 5
...system has two direct cost categories (direct materials and direct manufacturing labour) and two manufacturing overhead cost pools (the Machining Department, allocated using machine hours and the Assembly Department, allocated using direct manufacturing labour costs). The 2010 budget for the plant is as follows: Machining Dept. Assembly Dept. Manufacturing Overhead Direct manufacturing labour cost Direct manufacturing labour hours Machine hours $1,800,000 $1,400,000 100,000 50,000 $3,600,000 $2,000,000 200,000 200,000 a) Calculate an overhead rate for each department. (3½ marks) b) During the month of August, the cost record for Job #400 shows the following: Machining Dept. Assembly Dept. Direct material used Direct manufacturing labour costs Direct manufacturing labour hours Machine hours $45,000 $14,000 1,000 2,000 $63,000 $15,000 1,500 1,000 What is the total manufacturing overhead allocated to Job #400? (3½ marks) c) Given that selling, distribution and administrative costs are absorbed in each job cost at 20% of prime cost & that Job #400 required special design costs of $7,000; calculate the total cost and quotation price of Job #400, where a profit margin of 25 % is applied to the selling price of all jobs. (8 marks) d) At the end of 2010, the company had actually incurred the following: Machining Dept. Assembly Dept. Manufacturing overhead incurred Direct manufacturing labour costs Machine hours $2...
Words: 950 - Pages: 4
...Theory of Constraints 4 IMA Guidelines for Ethical Behavior 4 Competence 4 Confidentiality 5 Integrity 5 Credibility 5 Corporate Social Responsibility 5 Manufacturing Costs: 6 Non-Manufacturing Costs 6 Product Costs vs. Period Costs 6 Prime Costs vs. Conversion Cost 7 The Activity Base (Cost Driver) 7 Fixed Cost and Variable Costs 7 Cost Classifications for Predicting Cost Behavior 7 Mixed Costs 8 The High-Low Method 9 Cost Classification for Decision Making 10 Opportunity Cost 10 Sunk Costs 10 Types of Product Casting Systems 10 Why use an allocation base? 11 Manufacturing Overhead Application 11 Decision Making Decision making involves making a selection among competing alternatives. * What should we be selling? * Who should we be serving? * How should we execute? Strategy Strategy is a game plan that enables a company to attract customers by distinguishing itself from competitors. Focal point of a company’s strategy should be its target customers. Customer Intimacy Strategy – Understand and respond to individual customer needs. Operational Excellence Strategy – Deliver products and services faster, more conveniently and at lower prices. Product Leadership Strategy - Offer higher quality products. Enterprise Risk Management A process used by a company to proactively identify and manage risk. Lean Production – Just-in-time (JIT) production Customer orders – create order – generate component requirements...
Words: 1735 - Pages: 7
...Cost, Budgets and Strategic Decision Making in Management Accounting Answer (a) Budgets can be characterized as a quantitative explanation, for a certain time period, which may incorporate arranged incomes, cash flow, costs, resources, and liabilities. Budgeting alludes to the procedure of outlining, actualizing, and working budgets. Budgeting, as a control device, gives an activity plan to guarantee that the association's real exercises are slightest digressed from the planned exercises. Budgets are utilized to give an outline of the organization and procedures performed in it. They are helpful in asset allocation where assets are distributed in such a route, to the point that the techniques, which are relied upon to give the most astounding returns, receive top priority (Libby and Murray, 2010). Budgets are additionally forecast instruments and bring about a significant improvement readied to adjust to changes in business atmosphere. They ought to be produced in such a route, to the point that they consider the key necessities of each of the functions. Budget detailing comprises of an arrangement of exercises: a budget department is created in which a budget controller is appointed, strategies are developed for budget readiness, budget recommendations are created at the department level, the budget is developed for the whole company, financial backing period and key budget elements are decided, the budget is evaluated and approved, growth is observed, and the budget...
Words: 1076 - Pages: 5
...In management accounting literature, there is no research, to the best of the author's knowledge, investigates the relationship between quality costs and revenue sharing in supply chains. However, the relevant literature is examined as follows: 2.1 Quality Cost in Supply Chain Many firms are now increasingly adopting inter-firm contractual arrangements to achieve competitive advantage. Firms gain many benefits from such arrangements because of the changing of relationships from short-term to long-term, such benefits as increasing market share, cost reduction, improve performance, as well as gain more skills and knowledge [Dacin et al., 2007; Fayard et al., 2012; Ireland et al., 2002; Mamat, 2012; Langfield-Smith & smith, 2005]. Supply chain...
Words: 1384 - Pages: 6
...09902787224 Cost and Management Accounting 1. X is the manufacture of Mumbai purchased three chemicals A, B and C from U.P.The bill gave the following information: Chemical A: 6000 kgs @ Rs. 4.20 per kg Rs 25,200 Chemical B: 10000 kgs @ Rs. 3.80 per kg 38,000 Chemical C: 4000 kgs @ Rs. 4.75 per kg 19,000 VAT 2,055 Railway Freight 1,000 Total Cost 85,255 A shortage of 100 kgs in chemical A, of 140 Kgs in chemical B and Of 50 kgs in chemical C was noticed due to breakages. At Mumbai, the manufacture paid octroi duty @ 0.20 kg. He also paid hamali, Rs 20 for the chemical a, Rs 58.12 for chemical B and Rs 35.75 for chemical C. Calculate the stock rate that you would suggest for pricing issue of chemicals assuming a provision of 4 % towards further deterioration and also show the quantity (kgs) of chemicals available for issue. 2. ABC Ltd has collected the following data for its two activities. It calculates activity cost rates based on cost driver capacity. Activity Cost driver Capacity Cost Power Kilowatt hours 50000 hrs Kilowatt Rs 200000 Quality Inspection Numbers of inspection 10000 inspection Rs 300000 The Company makes three products, A, B and C.For the year ended March 31, 2004, the following consumption of cost drivers was reported: Product Kilowatt-hours Quality Inspection A 20000 7000 B 40000 5000 C 30000 6000 Compute the costs allocated to each...
Words: 903 - Pages: 4
...contact aravind.banakar@gmail.com www.mbacasestudyanswers.com ARAVIND – 09901366442 – 09902787224 COST ACCOUNTING MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY : 1 Materials X and Y are used as follows : Minimum usage — 50 units each per week Minimum usage — 150 units each per week Normal usage — 100 units each per week Ordering quantities x = 600 units Y = 1000 units Delivery period x = 4 to 6 weeks Y = 2 to 4 weeks Calculate for each material a) Minimum level b) Maximum level c) Order level d) Explain importance of inventory controls? CASE STUDY : 2 A company presently sells an equipment for Rs 35,000. Increase in prices of labour and material cost are anticipated to the extent of 15% and 10% respectively, in the coming year. Material cost represents 40% of cost of sales and labour cost 30% of cost sales. The remaining relate to overheads. If the existing selling price is retained despite the increase in labour and material prices. The company would face a 20% decrease in the existing amount of profit on the equipment. Question : 1) You are required to arrive at a selling price so as to give the same percentage of profit on increased cost of sales, as before. 2) Prepare a statement of profit / loss per unit, showing the new selling price and cost per unit in support of your answer. 3) What is the anticipated amount of increased material and labour cost. 4) What policy changes should the company make for maintaining the profits. CASE STUDY : 3 A product...
Words: 564 - Pages: 3
...09902787224 Cost and Management Accounting 1. X is the manufacture of Mumbai purchased three chemicals A, B and C from U.P.The bill gave the following information: Chemical A: 6000 kgs @ Rs. 4.20 per kg Rs 25,200 Chemical B: 10000 kgs @ Rs. 3.80 per kg 38,000 Chemical C: 4000 kgs @ Rs. 4.75 per kg 19,000 VAT 2,055 Railway Freight 1,000 Total Cost 85,255 A shortage of 100 kgs in chemical A, of 140 Kgs in chemical B and Of 50 kgs in chemical C was noticed due to breakages. At Mumbai, the manufacture paid octroi duty @ 0.20 kg. He also paid hamali, Rs 20 for the chemical a, Rs 58.12 for chemical B and Rs 35.75 for chemical C. Calculate the stock rate that you would suggest for pricing issue of chemicals assuming a provision of 4 % towards further deterioration and also show the quantity (kgs) of chemicals available for issue. 2. ABC Ltd has collected the following data for its two activities. It calculates activity cost rates based on cost driver capacity. Activity Cost driver Capacity Cost Power Kilowatt hours 50000 hrs Kilowatt Rs 200000 Quality Inspection Numbers of inspection 10000 inspection Rs 300000 The Company makes three products, A, B and C.For the year ended March 31, 2004, the following consumption of cost drivers was reported: Product Kilowatt-hours Quality Inspection A 20000 7000 B 40000 5000 C 30000 6000 Compute the costs allocated to each...
Words: 903 - Pages: 4
...------------------------------------------------- Management accounting From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information.Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. (February 2012) | Accounting | | * Historical cost accounting * Constant purchasing power accounting * Management accounting * Tax accounting | Major types of accounting[show] | Auditing[show] | People and organizations[show] | Development[show] | Business portal | * v * t * e | In Management accounting or managerial accounting, managers use the provisions of accounting information in order to better inform themselves before they decide matters within their organizations, which aids their management and performance of control functions. Contents [hide] * 1 Definition * 2 Scope, practice, and application * 3 Differences between financial accountancy and management accounting * 4 Traditional vs. innovative practices * 5 Role within a corporation * 6 Specific methodologies * 6.1 Activity-based costing (ABC) * 6.2 Grenzplankostenrechnung (GPK) * 6.3 Lean accounting (accounting for lean enterprise) * 6.4 Resource consumption accounting (RCA) * 6.5 Throughput accounting * 6.6 Transfer pricing * 7 Resources...
Words: 3095 - Pages: 13
...Cost & Management Accounting Reporting System -Necessity, Role & Control Framework: An Analysis Management & Cost Accounting Reporting Systems are interwoven in the management processes of all well managed organizations across the globe. The necessity of such reporting systems is going to increase in future as the market-place become highly competitive and organization functions become more complicated and inter-twined. This fact also brings to fore the necessity of a common control framework to monitor this system so that it can contribute effectively and efficiently to the pre-determined organizational goals. What is Cost & Management Accounting Reporting Systems? Cost Accounting Reporting System deals with the process of tracking, measuring, recording and classifying the appropriate allocation of expenditure (financial and non-financial) for the determination of the cost of product or service in an organization and for the presentation of suitably arranged data for the purpose of control and guidance of management ( Horngren et al, 2010). Costs are measured in terms of Direct Costs, Indirect Costs and Overhead / Absorbed Costs. Managers use cost accounting to support decision making to reduce a company's costs of products and services and improve its profitability. Management Accounting Reporting System is concerned with the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of financial and non-financial...
Words: 1912 - Pages: 8
...MODULE - 6B Elementary Cost Accounting Notes 95 Cost Accounting : An Introduction ACCOUNTANCY After passing your senior secondary examination, if you set up a small manufacturing unit, say manufacturing of packing boxes, a problem will arise what price of each box you should quote to the buyer. Many factors are considered while fixing the price of a product/item such as competitors’ price etc. One of the basic factors is the cost of its production. Cost is essential not only to fix price but also to ascertain the margin of profit. Knowledge of the cost determination is also necessary to keep a check on the cost of product/control on wastages, etc. The accounting used to study the various aspects of cost is known as cost accounting. In this lesson, you will learn about meaning, importance, limitations etc. of cost accounting. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to: state the meaning and scope of cost accounting; explain the objectives of cost accounting; differentiate between cost accounting and financial accounting; state importance of cost accounting; explain limitations of cost accounting. 27.1 MEANING AND SCOPE OF COST ACCOUNTING Cost accounting is the process of determining and accumulating the cost of product or activity. It is a process of accounting for the incurrence and the control of cost. It also covers classification, analysis, and interpretation of cost. In other words, it is a system of accounting, which provides the ...
Words: 2801 - Pages: 12
...Cost Accounting : An Introduction MODULE - 6B Elementary Cost Accounting 27 COST ACCOUNTING : AN INTRODUCTION After passing your senior secondary examination, if you set up a small manufacturing unit, say manufacturing of packing boxes, a problem will arise what price of each box you should quote to the buyer. Many factors are considered while fixing the price of a product/item such as competitors’ price etc. One of the basic factors is the cost of its production. Cost is essential not only to fix price but also to ascertain the margin of profit. Knowledge of the cost determination is also necessary to keep a check on the cost of product/control on wastages, etc. The accounting used to study the various aspects of cost is known as cost accounting. In this lesson, you will learn about meaning, importance, limitations etc. of cost accounting. Notes OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to: state the meaning and scope of cost accounting; explain the objectives of cost accounting; differentiate between cost accounting and financial accounting; state importance of cost accounting; explain limitations of cost accounting. 27.1 MEANING AND SCOPE OF COST ACCOUNTING Cost accounting is the process of determining and accumulating the cost of product or activity. It is a process of accounting for the incurrence and the control of cost. It also covers classification, analysis, and interpretation of cost. In other words, it is a system of accounting, which provides...
Words: 2802 - Pages: 12
...Accounting: Text and Cases Managerial Accounting Anthony, Hawkins and Merchant 13th Edition Garrison, Noreen and Bewer 13th Edition Management Accounting 1 2 Because… 3 4 5 6 ! " # 7 Chapter 15 The Nature of Management Accounting 8 Learning Agenda Describe the differences between financial and management accounting Measurement used in management accounting system Textbook problem exercises 9 Differences Between Financial and Managerial Accounting Financial Accounting 1. Users 2. Time focus 3. Verifiability versus relevance 4. Precision versus timeliness 5. Subject 6. Requirements External persons who make financial decisions Historical perspective Emphasis on verifiability Emphasis on precision Primary focus is on the whole organization Must follow GAAP and prescribed formats Managerial Accounting Managers who plan for and control an organization Future emphasis Emphasis on relevance for planning and control Emphasis on timeliness Focuses on segments of an organization Need not follow GAAP or any prescribed format 10 Accounting Differences Financial External focus Whole organization Historical Quantitative Monetary Verifiable GAAP Formal recordkeeping Managerial Internal focus Segments or divisions Current/projected Quantitative/qualitative Monetary and nonmonetary Timely/reasonable estimate Benefits exceed costs Formal and informal recordkeeping 11 Management vs. Financial accounting ...
Words: 2135 - Pages: 9
...MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING: AN OVERVIEW Learning Objectives Distinguish between managerial & financial accounting. Understand the evolution of management accounting. Explain about the IFAC model. Understand how managers can use accounting information to implement strategies. Explain about Relevant Lost & Relevant Regained. 2 Learning Objectives Distinguish between managerial & financial accounting. Understand the evolution of management accounting. Explain about the IFAC model. Understand how managers can use accounting information to implement strategies. Explain about Relevant Lost & Relevant Regained. 3 Accounting System (accumulates financial and managerial accounting data) Managerial Accounting Information for decision making, and control of an organization’s operations. Internal Users Financial Accounting Published financial statements and other financial reports. External Users Managerial Accounting Users of information Managers within company Regulation Financial Accounting Interested outside parties Required. Must comform to Not required because for internal GAAP which is regulated by use only FASB and SEC. Basic accounting system plus Almost exclusively from the Source of Data various other sources basic accounting system Reports often focus on subunits. Reports focus on the enterprise Nature of Reports Based on a combination of in its entirety. Based on and...
Words: 2550 - Pages: 11
