...Chronic Illness “Chronic illness is the irreversible presence, accumulation, or latency of disease states or impairments that involve the total human environment for supportive care and self-care, maintenance of function and prevention of further disability: (Lubkin, 1995, p.8) Principles Related to Chronic Illness / Trajectory o Duration- lasts for extended period, six months or longer. o Incidence- common in older adults but impacts all ages. o Predictability- one chronic condition impacts 85% of persons 65 years of age and older. The most common are visual impairment, diabetes, heart disease, deafness and hearing impairment, arthritis, Alzheimer’s, osteoporosis, hip fractures, urinary incontinence, stroke, Parkinson’s disease and depression o Shape- multiple health problems with protracted, unpredictable course. Management during the acute phase is usually in the hospital, other phases are usually managed at home. Implications of Chronicity: 1. Managing chronic illness involves more than managing medical problems. Adaptation to illness/disability is a continuous process. 2. Chronic conditions can pass through many different phases over the course of the disease – There can be stable & unstable periods, flare-ups & remission. 3. Keeping chronic conditions under control requires persistent adherence to therapeutic regimens. 4. One chronic disease can lead to other chronic conditions – Diabetes can lead to Neurologic & circulatory changes. 5. Chronic illness...
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...population is increasing because of a decline in fertility and a 20-year increase in the average life span during the second half of the 20th century. These factors, combined with elevated fertility in many countries during the 2 decades after World War II (i.e., the "Baby Boom"), will result in increased numbers of persons aged >65 years during 2010--2030. Worldwide, the average life span is expected to extend another 10 years by 2050. The growing number of older adults increases demands on the public health system and on medical and social services. Chronic diseases, which affect older adults disproportionately, contribute to disability, diminish quality of life, and increased health- and long-term--care costs. Increased life expectancy reflects, in part, the success of public health interventions, but public health programs must now respond to the challenges created by this achievement, including the growing burden of chronic illnesses, injuries, and disabilities and increasing concerns about future caregiving and health-care costs. This report presents data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, the World Health Organization, and the United Nations on U.S. and global trends in aging,...
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...even more likely to become incarcerated. People who are imprisoned, often have no or underpaid job that does not provide these people with money enough to have a decent residence, which makes them a vulnerable population (Johnson 2015). It is important to consider what makes homeless people commit crimes that result in imprisonment. The information from various articles received during the literature review, I will reveal the connection between homelessness and incarceration, emphasizing the history that lead to their occurrence as well as the main causes of both problems. I will point out and explain the correlations between homelessness and crime rates, as well as its connections to the mental disorders, substance abuse, and chronic health condition in the context of how homeless lifestyle can be related to the incarceration. Also, I will indicate the way in which homelessness leads to mass incarceration. I will argue that the concept of homelessness and incarceration that cannot be broken without external help of the government, the general public and other organizations such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the Center for Mental Health Services, and the National Health Service...
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...among populations, the best course of treatment for common social diseases, such as drug or alcohol addiction, or the reasons behind behavior among certain populations. Introduction A number of studies have been conducted in order to provide members of the medical and psychological community with information to determine the best course of treatment for patients with alcohol addiction. These studies take into account other factors, such as personality disorders, chronic diseases, and also address the use of medication and psychological treatment. The first study entitled, Personality Disorders Among Alcoholic Outpatients: Prevalence and Course in Treatment, attempts to determine the prevalence of personality disorders among men and women seeking outpatient treatment for alcoholism. The hypothesis is that if there is a personality disorder present, it should help determine the type of treatment an alcoholic receives. The treatment chosen should be tailored to the patient’s comorbid personality disorder, or lack thereof. The second study entitled, Chronic disease and recent addiction treatment utilization among alcohol and drug dependent adults, “the objective of this paper is to evaluate the association between the presence of chronic medical disease and recent addiction treatment utilization among adults with substance dependence.” (Reif, Larson, Cheng, et al., 2011) The hypothesis that is being studied is whether the presence of a chronic disease will effect an individual’s...
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...Introduction It is well known that people suffering from chronic diseases have major impact in the healthcare delivery systems, including the elderly population over the age of 65. With the advances in technology combined with the aging population, more people are living longer with chronic diseases. Longer life expectancies count for higher costs in healthcare for the treatment, management and prevention of further complications arising from chronic diseases. The third most common chronic disease of the older adults is Parkinson’s disease. It is a debilitating disease affecting a person’s motor ability, causing tremors, rigidity, akinesia or slow movement, and postural instability. According to the National Institutes of Health, about 500, 000 individuals in the United States suffer from Parkinson’s Disease, and it is estimated that males are more often affected than females. Parkinson’s disease has a large economic impact and directly affects medical costs, as well as the affecting the person financially, such as lost wages and decreased productivity. According to a recent interview with a client suffering from PD over the course of ten years, the disability directly impacted his personal life, financial status, and family members. The next discussion talks about how the patient learned about his disease and the personal impact it created at the beginning of the disease process until the peak onset later in his life. How the patient learned about his disease During the...
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...as for healthful behaviors. This is especially true for the management of chronic conditions. This article offers a short history of self-management. It presents three self-management tasks—medical management, role management, and emotional management—and six self-management skills—problem solving, decision making, resource utilization, the formation of a patient–provider partnership, action planning, and self-tailoring. In addition, the article presents evidence of the effectiveness of self-management interventions and posits a possible mechanism, self-efficacy, through which these interventions work. In conclusion the article discusses problems and solutions for integrating self-management education into the mainstream health care systems. Whether one is engaging in a health promoting activity such as exercise or is living with a chronic disease such as asthma, he or she is responsible for day-to-day management. Gregory Bateson (3) once said, “one cannot not communicate.” The same is true for health behavior and disease management. One cannot not manage. If one decides not to engage in a healthful behavior or not to be active in managing a disease, this decision reflects a management style. Unless one is totally ignorant of healthful behaviors it is impossible not to manage one’s health. The only question is how one manages. The issue of self-management is especially important for those with chronic disease, where only the patient can be responsible for his or her day-to-day...
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...setting so it becomes imperative to educate the patient regarding their illness, treatments, management, medications and when to seek medical assistance. Providing this information to the patient and educating them, the patient is better able to self-manage their condition. Kouame (2010), identified the key challenges facing the rural population as: low population density, limited to no services, disproportionate numbers of elderly, low-income, and minorities, social isolation and a high incidents of chronic illnesses. Health promotion is defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over and improved their health. Improving health literacy is key in empowering the rural community...
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...Brandy Shields Mrs. Knutsen ENC1101-83 16 April 2014 Chronic Pain: Curable or Not Abstract Chronic Pain is an interesting problem in society today. The exact cause of Chronic Pain is not the same in every patient. In fact most patients present with different symptoms and associated pathologies, such as the strong link with depression. Treatment of Chronic Pain is often performed a single practitioner whether that be a Medical Doctor, Chiropractor, Nutritionist, or an alternative health care professional. Chronic Pain is often extremely complex, because of this treatment needs to be multidimensional. Effective care of Chronic Pain requires the collective cooperation of health care professionals Chronic pain is an increasing problem affecting society today. Chronic pain is a complex condition that affects 42 million-50 million Americans, according to the American Pain Foundation. A recent market research report indicates that more than 1.5 billion people worldwide suffer from chronic pain and that approximately 3- 4.5% of the global population suffers from neuropathic pain, Despite decades of research, chronic pain remains poorly understood and notoriously hard to control. A survey by the American Academy of Pain Medicine found that even comprehensive treatment with painkilling prescription drugs helps, on average, only about 58% of people with chronic pain. The frequency of pain has a great impact on business, with a recent report by the Institute of Medicine (Medicine) ...
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...motor-vehicle accident), or medical (such as certain infections). The chronic pain of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other autoimmune diseases can trigger the development of fibromyalgia. The manner in which the brain and spinal cord process pain sensations is abnormal in fibromyalgia. The threshold at which stimuli cause pain or discomfort has been proven to be lower in fibromyalgia. The pain felt is more intense because the pain is amplified by the abnormalities in the central nervous system and in pain processing. Because of this, things that are not normally painful may be painful for someone with fibromyalgia. In addition, fibromyalgia causes the pain from any given cause to be worse. For example, a patient with fibromyalgia may find a massage painful instead of pleasant. In addition, back pain that someone without fibromyalgia experiences as moderate may be experienced as severe by someone with fibromyalgia, because the pain is amplified by abnormalities in pain processing by the central nervous system. Syndrome The defining feature of fibromyalgia is chronic widespread pain. This means pain in multiple areas of the body, most commonly in muscles, tendons, and joints. The pain is generally above and below the waist, on the left side of the body and on the right side of the body but can be localized, often in the neck and shoulders or low back, initially. The pain is chronic, which means it is present for more than three months. Patients commonly...
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...jRUNNING HEAD: The role of psychology in the onset of a chronic illness, as well as how psychological factors are related to the experience of chronic illness. Introduction American Psychology defines Association defines chronic illnesses as those who either have symptoms that occur on a constant basis or flare up episodically. While some chronic diseases may be terminal, much more are not. While these conditions can only be alleviated, they can usually be controlled through diet, exercise, lifestyle, and medical care and may even go into temporary remission. Chronic illnesses are common; it is estimated that more than 80% of older adults suffer from at least one chronic disease. (( The Psychology of Illness). Discussion Unlike acute illnesses...
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...Chronic glomerulonephritis which affects the glomeruli within the kidney and often impedes the kidneys’ function is known to be one of the most common causes of kidney failure. The development of chronic glomerulonephritis is often a blindside as there is little to no signs or symptoms of the disease. The development may occur due to many causes such as infections, immune diseases, blood pressure or diabetes. Patients’ are often diagnosed when the disease is severe or has been triggered by underlying causes. As many as 40% of people suffering from glomerulonephritis are on dialysis which shows how severe progression may escalate. Treatments are constantly being improved to make it for efficient for suffers such as plasmapheresis which are only...
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... |Course Syllabus | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |SCI/162 Version 6 | | |Principles of Health and Wellness | Copyright © 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course reinforces the concept that learning effectively and living well involves both the mind and body. It presents the fundamentals of wellness and preventive health including strategic planning to attain and maintain personal optimal health. In addition, physical and mental diseases are discussed along with the dangers of environmental pollution, stress, addiction, and other negative factors that can affect personal health. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject...
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...Issues with a lack of workforce to properly care for the baby boomers and current aging groups will need highly trained, educated caretakers. The amount of those studying for gerontology related careers is on the decline. Even graduated nursing, medical, and pharmaceutical students did not spend as much time or had a great deal of experience in this field. Also, the intensity of care the elderly need differs greatly from those who do not suffer from chronic illness or psychological problems related to their condition. Older patients may need more care related to a disease that cannot be managed on their own, or they may need assistance doing daily activities because they’re no longer able to. Caring, understand, and compassionate workers will effectively fill the spots of those who care for the elderly that can no longer do so for themselves. Lastly, having enough money to cover care costs may cause problems for the elderly. Medicare and Medicaid, for example, cover some costs, but those not covered are expected to come out-of-pocket from the patient. If that patient never saved money for future health problems, they may not have the funds to do this. Instead, other family members or friends might have to help them take...
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...in order to survive, as the brain and central nervous system rely on this important fat to both protect the integrity of neurons and promote proper neural communication and function. But sometimes cholesterol fails to properly assimilate where it needs to go inside the body, or the size and density of cholesterol particles get out of whack due to an underlying health condition or poor diet and lifestyle, which is what commonly gets attributed to chronic health problems such as heart disease and metabolic syndrome. The tendency among conventional practitioners, of course, is to address this chronic cholesterol imbalance by trying to artificially lower it, as "high cholesterol" has become a popular buzz phrase for ill health, and therefore it must be reduced by whatever means possible. But like all other drug-based approaches to disease, this focused, cholesterol-lowering approach fails to address the underlying causes of high cholesterol, which include things like insulin resistance and diabetes. In fact, high cholesterol itself is actually a symptom of another underlying health condition, rather than a condition in and of itself. "The singular focus on treating cholesterol as a means to prevent heart attacks is leading to the deaths of millions of people because the real underlying cause of the majority of heart disease is not being diagnosed or treated by most physicians," wrote practicing physician Dr. Mark Hyman, M.D., in a 2011 piece on cholesterol for The Huffington...
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...the lungs. The thin mucus lining of these airways can become irritated and swollen; the cells that make up the lining may leak fluids in response to the inflammation. Bronchitis most often occurs during the cold and flu season usually coupled with an upper respiratory infection. Bronchitis can be divided into two categories: acute or chronic each of which has distinct etiologies, pathologies, and therapies. I chose this condition because it seemed like an interesting topic to research on, and I am also interested in learning more about respiratiory conditions which is another reason why I chose to research on this topic. Acute bronchitis is characterized by the development of a cough, with or without the production of sputum. Acute bronchitis occurs often occurs during the course of an acute viral illness such as the common cold or influenza. Viruses cause about 90% of cases of acute bronchitis, whereas bacteria account for fewer than 10%. Chronic bronchitis is a type of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease which is characterized by the presence of a productive cough that lasts for three months or more per year for at least two years. Chronic bronchitis most often develops due to recurrent injury to the airways caused by inhaled irritants. Cigarette smoking is the most common cause followed by air pollution and exposure to many irritants. The etiology of bronchitis is due to viruses including influenza A and B. A number of bacteria are also known to cause bronchitis such...
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