..................................... 7 current SCENARIO ........................................................................................................................ 8 WHY SAVE EURO? .................................................................................................................... 10 4.1 ALTERNATIVES................................................................................................................. 11 Split ............................................................................................................................... 11 Institutionalised austerity and ECB bailing out ............................................................ 13 ECB lends money to IMF and latter disburses loans with stiff conditionality’s ........... 13 Creation ofEuropean treasury/ EmpoweringEFSF ........................................................ 13 United States of Europe and issuance of Euro bonds: .................................................. 14 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 5. WAY FORWARD ........................................................................................................................ 15 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Prospects of the financial sector and sovereign spreads...
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...According Balassa (1962) there are five stages of economic integration: the free trade area, the customs union, the common market, the economic junction and the complete economic integration. The European Union is on the penultimate stage, which is the economic union. The objective of this essay is to know more about the European monetary union and other touch points that are to be the EMU, the process, countries belonging to the European Union but not part of the EMU and its reasons. Economic union is a common market that removes restrictions on trade between countries. The currency is the same and a central authority controls fiscal policies. It has a single currency and monetary policy. The objective of this stage is that members actually are formed as one nation and its features are a common fiscal common currency, harmonized tax rates, the pooling of foreign exchange reserves, and monetary policy. (Cerdeira, 2009) The EMU is a major step in the integration of the economy of the European Union. It involves the coordination of economic and fiscal policy of the same coin policies, some countries took the next step to the next stage and adopted the euro as its currency, and these countries are part of the euro area. (EC, 2014) " One Market, One Currency " is what the European Commission defined as a geographical area where the economy is a single currency and where risks can be managed and has flexibility among country. This would make cuts of a country being adversely...
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...measurements. This organization has been around for many decades and will continue to be around for many to come. In the following ethical and cultural views will be examined, social responsibilities and how the stakeholders make unanimous agreements among the organization. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established in 1949. In fact, the Alliance’s creation was part of a broader effort to serve three main purposes: deterring expansion of the Soviet Union, forbidding the revival of nationalist militarism in Europe through a strong North American presence on the continent, and to encourage integration of European politics. (NATO.int, 2014) NATO consists of 28 countries. When the organization originally started in 1949 it consisted of 12 founding members of the Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. After many years these countries joined as well: Greece and Turkey (1952), Germany (1955), Spain (1982), the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (1999), Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia (2004), and Albania and Croatia (2009). (NATO.int, 2014) NATO is a political and military organization. The political aspect promotes democratic views and encourages cooperation on security and defense issues to prevent conflict and build trust in the process. The military aspect is committed to peaceful solutions to disputes. NATO has many cultural...
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...Origins of Modern Europe During the 14th and 15th centuries, Europe experienced a period of heightened intellectual and artistic activity. This rebirth of classical learning is called the Renaissance. The 15th century marked the beginning of the age of exploration. Christopher Columbus and other European seamen opened the way for increased world trade and great colonial empires. The cities on or near the Atlantic replaced those of Italy as the commercial centers of Europe. Rich merchants began to rival the nobles in wealth and power. A growing abundance of money permitted kings to hire officials and soldiers, gradually removing the need for feudal relationships. World known by Europeans in the 14th century This map shows how much of the world's lands and seas were known to Europeans by the A.D. 1300's. Areas that Europeans knew about included northern Africa, far northeastern North America, much of Asia, the Mediterranean Sea, and parts of the North Atlantic and Indian oceans. The 16th century brought the Reformation, when many Christians rejected the authority of the pope and the Protestant movement was begun. The 17th and 18th centuries formed a period of savage wars by which the various European monarchs sought to increase their territories. England became a limited monarchy and aspirations for political freedom appeared in other parts of Europe. Low Countries in the 16th century. The Low Countries, including most of present-day Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands...
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...Chapter 1 Multinational Management in a Changing World MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Businesses of all sizes are increasingly looking for global opportunities because |a. |Trade barriers are falling. | |b. |Money is flowing more freely across countries. | |c. |The world is becoming one interconnected economy. | |d. |All of the above. | ANS: D AACSB Analytic, Strategy PTS: 1 2. Globalization is |a. |The trend of businesses expanding beyond their domestic boundaries. | |b. |Increasing average temperature over the globe. | |c. |The increased use of global satellite communication systems. | |d. |A strategy of developing unique products for each nation in the world. | ANS: A AACSB Reflective thinking, Environmental influence PTS: 1 3. Which of the following would not be considered a basic source of globalization? |a. |Similar customer needs ...
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...KROK University of Economics and Law International Relations Faculty International Economics and Business Department Research Paper: “Ukraine on the world tourist market” 4th year student Scientific advisor: “International Economics-KROK Exclusive” PhD., Associate Professor Programme : Titarenko D.Y. Ilarionova N. M. _________ (signature) ______________________ ( resolution “For defence” ) ___________ _________________ ( date ) ( signature) Kiyv-2012 Contents Introduction 3 1.1. Characteristic of tourist activity and its influence on economy of Ukraine 7 1.2. Tourist resources and infrastructure - the main components of development of tourism at Ukraine 16 Section 2. A place of Ukraine in development of the international tourism 20 2.1. Development of the Ukrainian travel business and...
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...INNO NATOUR. Lesson learnt from Innovation in Nature Based Tourism Services Contact: Faculty of Economics and Public Administration „Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava Universităţii str., no. 13, Building H 720229 SUCEAVA, ROMANIA Phone: (+40) 230 216147 ext. 294 Erasmus IP web site: www.innonatour.usv.ro Faculty web site: www.seap.usv.ro University web site: www.usv.ro 2012 Subject to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without written permission of the copyright owners. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 5 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT.............................................................................................................. 8 STUDENTS OF THE 20112012 ERASMUS IP ...................................................................................... 9 LECTURERS, TUTORS AND EXPERTS OF THE 20112012 ERASMUS IP ................................. 10 RESULTS OF THE ERASMUS IP INNO NATOUR 20112012......................................................... 19 FINAL REPORTS OF THE WORKING GROUPS .................................................................................. 20 INDIVIDUAL POST CASE STUDIES OF THE STUDENTS ................................................................. 44 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ......................................
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...government. This was the first real form of government. Both are a way to control citizens of a nation. The laws and government are a source of a criminal and court system. The criminal and court system created by Hammurabi’s government was a major cause of the reparations in Germany for war crimes. If there was no criminal or court system, there wouldn’t be a need for the reparations or even the war crimes themselves. Cave art was the earliest known form of written interaction. The cave drawings led to honing drawing and painting skills which led up to modernization of art. The modernization of art led up to romanticism. Romanticism led up to and was a major role in the renaissance. Drawing and painting used in the Paleolithic era led up to creation of cuneiform, which is the first actual written alphabet. Cuneiform was used as early as 3500-3000 BC by Sumerians. This helped laws be more official instead of just a spoken law that people can forget. Cuneiform used by early Sumerians was a major influence of hieroglyphics .Hieroglyphics were the official writing of ancient Egypt, influenced in a way as so it would be similar but more advanced than cuneiform. Hieroglyphics caused and influenced by cuneiform influenced modern written language. Modern written language includes the Latin alphabet, English alphabet, Greek alphabet, Russian alphabet and more. Spartans in the Roman times were a major influence on behavior and habits of Vikings. Spartans were tough and brutal (especially in...
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...Comparing Tesco & CRUK Name: Mahima Anjuman Task 1.1 Tesco PLC 1.1 Type of Activity A.) Sector & Ownership The private sector is the share of a country's economic system that is operated by individuals, partnerships, franchises and companies, rather than the government. Most private sector organisations are in the intention of making profit. The section of the economy under switches the government which is known as the public sector. Charities and non-profit organisations are sometimes considered to make up a third section, known as the volunteer sector. However, some organisations are more usually to be considered part of the private sector. The customers can buy shares in Tesco and then get given a shareholder number which than shows on the top right side of the certificate. B.) Advantages & Disadvantages Tesco is owned by thousands of people and organisation such as insurance company and pension funds this is because Tesco is a PLC and is owned by shareholders who fund the company. The advantage of a limited company is that stocks can be sold to the general public unlike a private limited company and can help to raise substantial amounts of wealth easily and are able to advertise in newspapers and on television where’s private limited companies are unable to do this. The advantages of ownership in Tesco is that Tesco have a limited liability for the shareholders , the business...
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...T-BONE TEXAS Steak House Business plan Meno : Lucia Škutová ROK : 2010 Špecializácia : EMP PP Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary 3 1.1 Objectives 3 1.2 Mission 3 1.3 Keys to success 4 2.0 Company Summary 4 2.1 Company Ownership 4 2.2 Start-up Summary 4 3.0 Market Analysis Summary 5 3.1 Market Segmentation 5 3.2 Competitive Edge 5 3.3 Main Competitors 5 4.0 Marketing Strategy 5 4.1 Marketing Program 5 4.2 Sales Strategy 6 4.3 Sales Forecast 6 5.0 Management and Personnel plan 6 6.0 Financial plan 7 7.0 Menu 7 1.0 Executive Summary T-BONE TEXAS Steak House is a 115 seat restaurant with a special menu which contains a lot of different kinds of steaks prepared in all kinds of way. This restaurant will be located in a new shopping mall Aupark –which will be opened in Košice next year. There will be a total of 34 000 sq. m. of commercial space for this particular shopping mall. In addition, there will be over 11000 sq. m of space for offices. Our restaurant, providing a touch of all America cuisine, will be the perfect place to go for a bite to eat, for a drink or for a small business meeting. The menu will be inspired by the American specialties and offer to a diverse clientele. Besides various kinds of steaks we offer also some popular dishes as Crispy seafood mix, Bar-b-que ribs, Steak Tartare, Chili y quesadillas. The most diverse...
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...MILITARY INTEGRATION AND EUROPEAN UNIONS ROLE ON THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL Introduction The European Union as a sole entity is comprised of 27 countries and its total population ranks third highest in the world, following behind China and India. Not only is the European Union considered to be one of the largest populated regions of the world, it is also considered to be one of the most important and influential leaders on the global stage. The Union impacts tremendously on the following: trade, financial aid and assistance to those countries less fortunate and poverty stricken, anti-terrorism activities, civilian conflict prevention measures, security and defence policy along with also tackling environmental issues such as global warming and carbon emission. In the development of this essay I will primarily focus on Europe’s road towards military integration, understanding the political, institutional, technological developments towards a Common European Security and Defence Policy. In order to discuss the above mentioned topic and to create a clearer and more concise linkage I will also briefly introduce the following: Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), Common European Security and Defence Policy (CESDP), Treaty on the European Union (TEU), European Defence Community (EDC), Qualified Majority Voting (QMV), Western European Union (WEU), Inter-Governmental Conference (IGC), Synchronized Armed Forces Europe (SAFE), and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)....
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...International Aid International aid also known as overseas aid & foreign aid. The definition of it makes it seem simple but it is far from it. “It is the voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another with the intention of benefiting the receiving country.” I had heard the term “Aid” in the past but never really had fully understood its true meaning. So during this project I wanted to find out its true meaning and how it affects the receiving country. This can be sent as a signal of diplomatic approach, or strengthen a military ally, to reward a government for behavior observed by the deemed to be deserved by the donor, it’s also to extend an already existent cultural influence & to provide much needed infrastructure. Obviously people have lots of individual reasons for sending aid to others less fortunate than themselves but two stick out these are “Humanitarianism” & also “Altruism”. Aid is so widespread that that it can be given by individuals, private organizations & governments. Depending on personal definitions of the term loans may be or not be counted as Aid. The History of Aid: Nobody can argue that aid has been present since time began. This was mainly from western countries to the rest of the world In the nineteenth & early twentieth century’s the amount of aid was minute in comparison to what it has become in today’s times, these consisted mostly of occasional humanitarian crisis relief. Aid became a major activity at the end of the Second World...
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...GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP MONITOR Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurial Employees Across the Globe Niels Bosma, Sander Wennekers and José Ernesto Amorós 2011 Extended Report: GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP MONITOR 2011 EXTENDED REPORT: Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurial Employees Across the Globe Niels Bosma, Utrecht University & Global Entrepreneurship Research Association Sander Wennekers, EIM Business & Policy Research José Ernesto Amorós, Universidad del Desarrollo Founding and Sponsoring Institutions: Babson College, Babson Park, MA, United States Lead Sponsoring Institution and Founding Institution Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile Sponsoring Institution UniversitiTun Abdul Razak, Malaysia Sponsoring Institution London Business School, London, United Kingdom Founding Institution Although GEM data were used in the preparation of this report, their interpretation and use are the sole responsibility of the authors. The authors would like to thank Erkko Autio, Alicia Coduras, ...
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...December 10, 2012 The European Sovereign-debt Crisis Throughout history, debt has been an issue and a concern for many countries around the world. Nations borrowing money, unnecessarily spending, corruption, inability to pay back loans and a variety of other factors have contributed to the devastating and lasting effects of monetary absolution. In recent years, some of the most significant and devastating economic occurrences that have taken place were released to the general public. One that has received a great deal of attention is known as the European Sovereign- debt Crisis or the Euro zone crisis. The European Sovereign Debt crisis is an ongoing financial crisis that has made it impossible for some countries in the Europe to repay or refinance their government debt without the assistance of third parties (Wikimedia). Countries across the European Continent are struggling to find ways to cope with the crisis and the impact that it has taken on debt stricken nations. Europe’s politicians, regulators, and market players are trying different approaches to deal with the problems at hand (Bloomberg LLP). Due to the number of countries that are involved this financial crisis is not only affecting these countries but the entire world. The Euro zone crisis had a variety of origins that grew their roots over a course of many years, but the situation was not released to the general public until back in late 2009 when the concerns intensified. Fears of a Sovereign Debt Crisis...
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...been studied. From the background of Euro, initial idea for the creation of Euro can be trace back to 1979 when European Union (EU) set up European monetary system (EMS). Due to the successful of EMS, the European Union decided to form the Economy and Monetary Union (EMU) to create Euro in December 1991.The main advantages and disadvantages of a single currency for the countries and the zone had been analysis with the macroeconomics knowledge that has learnt from this course. The advantages mainly help to eliminate the floating exchange rate, transaction cost and price transparency, whereas the disadvantages include loss of sovereignty, cost of Euro and budget position. Thus, the significant influences of Euro dollar from birth to now, it can be known that Euro currency is defined under flexible exchange rate system. With flexible exchange rate, the currency can be effort between the capital movements, tax and subsidize international trade and therefore the currency from overseas will influenced the demand. 2. Analysis 1. History of Euro In January of 1999, single currency, Euro has been introduced by members of European Union. It has been approved by Maastricht Treaty and used by its members currently who called as Eurozone. Those members consists of 16 members which are Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain. Hence, United States, Denmark and Sweden are those...
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