...Criminal Identification Procedures Fingerprint and palm print, Camera and wiretap surveillance Everything in life evolves and takes another form. Crime is no exception it does the same thing as well. Crime is changing in the modern world we live in today and criminals are more sophisticated and intelligent then before. The computer world has brought many technological advancements and even the criminal justice system have benefit from it. One of the most useful gifts that was given to the system was fingerprint and palm print. This advancement brought with it advantages and disadvantages. The effects of these advances on the constitution can be surprising. The advances also effect the efficiency of the criminal justice system from the perspective of crime control. These crucial findings can lead to recommendations concerning the use and reliance on these advances. Fingerprints From the womb to death, one thing that never changes is a person’s fingerprints. Fingerprinting identification in the criminal justice system has been in existence for more than 100 years. Its first use in the United States was in 1902. Because of everyone’s unique fingerprint map or features, no two individuals are alike. On the other hand, a person’s physical characteristics are subject to change over time. Fingerprinting...
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...Criminal Identification procedures in the 21 Century CJA 364 Everything in life evolves and takes another form. Crime is no exception it does the same thing as well. Crime is changing in the modern world we live in today and criminals are more sophisticated and intelligent then before. The computer world has brought many technological advancements and even the criminal justice system has benefit from it. One of the most useful gifts that was given to the system was fingerprint and palm print. This advancement brought with it advantages and disadvantages. The effects of these advances on the constitution can be surprising. The advances also effect the efficiency of the criminal justice system from the perspective of crime control. These crucial findings can lead to recommendations concerning the use and reliance on these advances. The act makes it a federal offense to knowingly transfer or use, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person with the intent to commit, or to aid or abet, any unlawful activity that constitutes a violation of federal law or that constitutes a felony under any applicable state or local law. (Schmalleger, 2010, ch. 9). Advantages and Disadvantages “Fingerprint-based criminal checks can be a valuable...
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...Criminal Identification Procedures in the 21st Century Within the criminal justice system many technological advances exist to assist law enforcement officials in identifying a criminal suspect. The technological advances that continue to assist the criminal justice system in these identifications are Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) analysis, biometric identification, Intra-agency databases for DNA, fingerprinting and palm printing, and camera and wiretap surveillance. Each aspect serves a specific purpose in making certain that the right person is properly identified for the crimes that they commit. Each technological aspect makes certain that the criminal justice system can prove without a doubt that the person under arrest is the person responsible for committing the crime. Criminal Identification Procedures Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) analysis is an examination method that allows any organism to be identified, by its genetic sequences. DNA analysis is highly accurate, important, and used all across the world for important reasons. The main purpose for DNA analysis is identifying individuals who are suspects in criminal cases, identifying victims or their remains when other means of identity is not possible. The advantages of DNA analysis are reliable, accurate results, and helps solving old and new cases. The disadvantage of DNA analysis is it reveals information on physical state, this information is sensitive and must be guarded. Biometric Identification is a system based...
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...Innocence at Stake: Possibility of DNA Collection from Arrestees in Canada Md Washim Ahmed ABSTRACT Followed by a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, which approved the collection of a defendant’s DNA upon arrests under the Fourth Amendment, the Minister of Justice, Peter MacKay indicated in an interview with the Globe and Mail that he and his Ministry are considering a similar model for Canada. This paper examines the possibility of a similar legislative framework in Canada and argues that although collection of DNA upon arrests was found justified under the Fourth Amendment, it does not necessarily mean that it will be found justified under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. While s.8 of the Charter seems to give similar protection as the Fourth Amendment, they have very different requirements for judicial authorization, reasonableness and standard of “probable cause”. Scrutinizing those different requirements and standards, this paper holds that the process of DNA collection is highly intrusive and would be a serious violation of s.8 of the Charter as it could reveal an excessive amount of private information about an individual over which he/she has a strong reasonable expectation of privacy. Furthermore, it will deprive people from their right to be presumed innocent, which is protected under s.11 (d) and significantly impact socially marginalized groups. Finally, this paper conducts an analysis of the violations under s.1 of...
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...How DNA has changed the Criminal Justice System Dorothy Harris Professor Sean Kelley Information Technology in Criminal Justice November 9, 2011 How DNA has changed 1 The technology has changed many aspects of the criminal justice system, and the use of DNA evidence represents one of the best examples on how technology has change the criminal justice system. The use of DNA has changed by allowing other materials beside blood to be used as identification. The DNA technology is behind what it takes in solving criminal cases, and the meaning between guilty and not guilty or life or death. There are various ways that the criminal justice system uses DNA technology. DNA has been used to analyze and prove innocence or guilty of suspects of crimes with great accuracy. DNA is part of everyday life. IT is the heredity material in humans abs almost all other organisms. In 1994, the DNA Identification Act established a national DNA database, run by the FBI, called CODIS (Combined DNA Identification System), which links all states. While the creation of DNA databases often can be defended case by case, the development of this technology serves an end in itself apart from any particular application. It provides an inescapable means of identification, categorization, and profiling, and it does so with a type of information that is revelatory...
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...1) Bincangkan bagaimanakah pengecaman (identification) seseorang suspek boleh dibuat menurut Seksyen 9 (Akta Keterangan 1950). 2) Nyatakan juga permasalahan dan cabaran-cabaran (jika ada) yang terdapat dalam teknik pengecaman tersebut dengan merujuk kepada autoriti yang relevan. Identification of Person a)Identification by fingerprint Fingerprint Identification is the method of identification using the impressions made by the minute ridge formations or patterns found on the fingertips. No two persons have exactly the same arrangement of ridge patterns, and the patterns of any one individual remain unchanged throughout life. Fingerprints offer an infallible means of personal identification. Other personal characteristics may change, but fingerprints do not. By comparing fingerprints at the scene of a crime with the fingerprint record of suspected persons, officials can establish absolute proof of the presence or identity of a person. Fingerprint is a biometric modality that is often used in a security setting. Fingerprint databases are in use worldwide for the purposes of personal identification, border control as well as to facilitate criminal forensic investigation. Many countries have multiple fingerprint databases, with each database serving a specific purpose. In Malaysia, there are at least 4 different fingerprint databases; namely PDRM-MAFIS (Polis Di Raja Malaysia- Malaysian Automated Fingerprint Identification System), PDRM-BIOFIS (Polis Di Raja Malaysia-Biometric...
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...Forensics History Theresia L. Coates Criminal Justice 1010 Forensics History What does Forensics mean? How old is forensic science? When it was first applied to the law? How has the Forensic science changed the arrest and prosecution success of criminals? The term "forensic" comes from the Latin and means, simply, having to do with the law. How has Forensics evolved from the beginning until today? Let us delve into the history of forensics and its blossoming partnership with the law. Surprisingly, Forensic Science has been around and used in criminal investigations in some manner since before the Roman Empire making it centuries old. It has only been within the last century that law enforcement agencies and the court systems have come to rely so heavily on the use of scientific practices in crime scene investigations.1 The first application of forensic science was by the Roman physician Antistius in the year 44 B.C., whom examined the body of Julius Caesar. He determined even though the dictator was stabbed 23 times, only one wound through his chest caused his actual death. This autopsy is thought to be the first one recorded and the start of using forensic science. Here in the Greek and Roman society extensive knowledge was developed regarding the production, use and symptoms of various poisons, making it possible to identify their use in previously undetected murders. Thanks to these western civilizations advances in the medical field as well as pharmacology were...
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...How DNA has changed the Criminal Justice System Information Technology in the Criminal Justice System Professor Cynthia Orth Tyrone S. Gibbs 11/21/2010 1 The use of Dna has changed the Criminal Justice System by allowing other materials beside blood to be used as identification. Before the advent of DNA testing, human identify testing was carried out mostly by using blood typing DNA analysis has now passed blood testing and is now the most accurate method currently available for human identification. DNA testing is used in determining parentage but is more widely known for the use in criminal cases. DNA testing is a powerful and reliable form of forsenic evidence that can beyond a shadow of a doubt reveal whether a person is innocence or guilt. One of the disadvantages however, is many prisoners do not have the legal means to secure testing or evidence in their cases. Some states have passed statues that include barriers to testing that are almost impossible to surpass. This is a obstacle that will keep innocent people from securing DNA test to prove their innocent. One of the advantges of DNA is that by using DNA fingerprinting is the use in solving crimes. Since DNA is found in almost every cell in the body, any portion of the human body can be used to establish identity. Just by the use 2 of a single strand of hair, a piece of skin, nail, a drop of blood or saliva can establish guilt or innoccence. Since it is impossible to remove all bodily or physical traes...
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...known to vary among individuals a great deal, and analyse those to get a certain probability of a match. Applications of DNA Fingerprinting 1. Paternity and Maternity Because a person inherits his or her VNTRs from his or her parents, VNTR patterns can be used to establish paternity and maternity. The patterns are so specific that a parental VNTR pattern can be reconstructed even if only the children's VNTR patterns are known (the more children produced, the more reliable the reconstruction). Parent-child VNTR pattern analysis has been used to solve standard father-identification cases as well as more complicated cases of confirming legal nationality and, in instances of adoption, biological parenthood. 2. Criminal Identification and Forensics DNA isolated from blood, hair, skin cells, or other genetic evidence left at the scene of a crime can be compared, through VNTR patterns, with the DNA of a criminal suspect to determine guilt or innocence. VNTR patterns are also useful in establishing the identity of a homicide victim, either from...
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...Strategic Program Management Worksheet The purpose of this assignment is to begin the process of Problem Based Learning. In this step, you will be looking at one or more realistic situations and using them, in the context of this course, to identify the key concepts involved that you will need to understand in order to solve whatever problems you might encounter in those situations. Complete the table below by identifying at least five concepts that you will study from the text on the rEsource page in order to resolve the situations presented; list and briefly describe them in column A. You have on the rEsource page a scenario that provides an examples of realistic situation in which these concepts apply. Examine this scenario and in Column B identify specific examples from it which illustrate an application of the concept. The example could be an issue in the scenario which illustrates a concept. Cite in Column C where in the reading you found the concept that the example illustrated. Table for Assignment One A: Concept B: Application of Concept in Scenario C: Citation of Concept in Reading Example from Global Communications Scenario in MBA/500: Building Organizational Commitment, which is developed through the activities of: • Justice & support • Job security • Organizational comprehension • Trusting employees Example from Global Communications Scenario in MBA/500: Sy states that Global Communication’s competitive edge is drawn from loyal employees...
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...* The program shall initially collect customer information at registration, including * Full Name * Address * The program may initially collect additional information, including * Telephone Number * Email * Information shall be collectable by written card, POS system input, or online registration * The program shall Identify each customer with a unique identifier * The program shall identify reward point values for every purchasable item * The program shall tie into the POS system to associate a customer to a purchase at checkout time * The program shall store, in a centralized location, itemized purchase information at each checkout for analysis purposes * The program shall allow customers to provide one of * Their unique identifier * A coded piece of equipment (such as a bar-coded card) * Sufficient information to tie to a unique identifier (e.g. full name and address) * The program shall associate rewards points to potential reward items or services (as selected in partnership agreements) * The program shall include an online component by which a customer may * Check their points accumulated * View potential rewards * Claim rewards based on their current points value * Update or add profile information * View privacy policy information * The program’s online component shall support major web browsers * Internet Explorer * Firefox *...
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...------------------------------------------------- Library Workshop – Finding seminal Research ------------------------------------------------- Contact Information: library@ncu.edu | 888-628-1569 summary | This workshop will introduce students to resources which can be used to locate seminal works for a particular discipline. It will provide students with techniques to become more effective at searching for this type of information. learning objectives | Upon completion of this workshop students will know how to: * Access the Research Process - Finding Seminal Works page on the Library’s website * Understand the meaning of seminal works and their importance to a literature review * Identify and use the appropriate databases and journals for finding seminal research * Identify and use the appropriate internet resources for finding seminal research I. seminal works | Seminal works, sometimes called pivotal or landmark studies, are works that initially presented an idea of great importance or influence within a particular discipline. Seminal works are referred to time and time again in the research, so you are likely to see these sources frequently cited in other journal articles, books, dissertations, etc. II. finding seminal works | Identifying seminal articles relies heavily on your own thoroughness in the examination and synthesis of the scholarly literature. Typically, there will not be any explicit labels placed on articles, identifying...
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...EDU 620 Week 6 Final Project To Buy This material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/edu-620-ash/edu-620-week-6-final-project Focus of the Final Project Over the past six weeks, you have learned about several disabilities and how they impact a student’s learning experience. For the final project, you will be asked to respond to several case studies. Each of these case studies involves a specific disability and a unique set of issues for each of the identified students. Your assignment is to respond uniquely to each of the scenarios. Your responses should include the following elements: § Identification of the specific academic/behavioral issues that could be addressed through assistive technology § Identification of at least three assistive technologies that will address the academic/behavioral needs of each student § An overview of how each of the identified assistive technologies will be implemented for the student. § A discussion of anticipated results based upon the use of the assistive technologies for each of the case studies. § Responses must be supported with evidence from the text and at least two additional scholarly resources. Case Study #1 Emily is a five-year-old female student who is visually impaired. Emily has low vision and has some independence. She is able to see letters and numbers with amplification. In the past, Emily has been enrolled in a Head Start class with typical peers. Emily experienced great success in her preschool classroom. She...
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...Two incongruous versions of Mr. Simpson's persona will be given to the 12-member jury, and Mr. Simpson's fate will ultimately depend on which one it decides is closest to the truth. One is the street-smart San Francisco ghetto kid who overcame tremendous odds to become a beloved star of football and Hollywood, and who is now wrongly accused of a hideous crime. The other is a hot-tempered, hard-drinking, foul-mouthed bully who for years humiliated and terrorized the mother of his children, the woman he professed to love and cherish. Prosecutors are expected to depict Mr. Simpson as maniacally jealous of his former wife to the point of stalking and physically abusing her in fits of rage. They will try to persuade jurors that the slayings of Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald L. Goldman were almost the logical culmination of increasingly violent and obsessive behavior. The defense strategy, by contrast, is expected to lean heavily on the absence of a murder weapon with Mr. Simpson's fingerprints on it and, even more tellingly, on the lack of an eyewitness who can link him to the crime scene. The defense will raise questions about the victims' characters, suggesting that the killings may have been drug-related. Prosecutors will have to explain how one man was able to overpower two younger, well-conditioned and physically agile adults without either of them apparently screaming for help. Defense lawyers will argue that it took at least two people to commit the...
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...The Hampshire Company has provided the needed information to compute Traditional Costing and Activity Based Costing (ABC). Based on the information provided, The Hampshire Company should use Activity Based Costing. Activity Based Costing improves a costing system by identifying individual activities as fundamental cost objects. “The development of an ABC costing methodology could typically be analyzed with focus on the following phases: 1. The determination of the significant operational activities. 2. The identification and collection of costs specific to each of these activities. 3. The identification of the cost drivers for each of these activities. 4. The determination of the activity unit costs. 5. The allocation of the costs to the cost objects based on the activity consumption (Buys, Pieter, Green, Kevin)”. It should be understood that an ABC system is not intended to replace the general ledger, but to be viewed as a tool to translate the general ledger. The Activity Based Costing system will identify activities (things the company does) of the value chain, calculate the individual costs of activities, and assign costs to cost objects. The activity-based technique will reach its full potential when it has expanded from Activity Based Costing to Activity Based Management. When looking to adopt the Activity Based Costing system, The Hampshire Company will need identify the activities the company performs. Identifying activities can be difficult and they will...
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