...Criminal Justice Trend Evaluation Terry Milton CJA/394 June 25, 2012 James Beeks Criminal Justice Trend Evaluation To keep up with the criminal problems in society, functions and components of the criminal justice system has to evolve in order to be able to detect and keep up with growing trends in society. New laws need to be created to help keep up with the evolution and its new trends. In this paper the evaluation of past, present, and future trends that connect to societies and the components of the criminal justice system will be discussed. It will also assess the recent and future contemporary issues that affect the criminal justice system. The purpose of this paper is to show that the criminal justice system has a major role in an ever changing society. Recent and future trends have always and will always affect the criminal justice system. New trends in technology, law, terrorism, gender and diversity will always effect the functions of the criminal justice system. Technology in the 21st century is one of the legal issues that have caused controversy. New technology devices such as hand geometry biometrics and the use of retina and iris devices have the ability to gain information not only on people’s health but also their medical history as well. When it concerns the criminal justice system, many of these new technology devices are being used to detect drugs and concealed weapons that are sneaked into prison facilities. They help prevent illegal activities...
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...Disparity and Discrimination Kary L. Wilson CJA/344 Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice December 5, 2011 Benjamin Harm Disparity and Discrimination This assignment will compare and contrast the terms disparity and discrimination. Sufficient background and examples of disparity and discrimination from the criminal justice system will be used to support persuasively the development of each term. First, the term disparity will be defined, developed, and supported with examples from the criminal justice system. Second, the term discrimination will be brought into focus, defined, and supported accordingly. Third, the similarities, and differences between the terms will be brought into discussion. The assignment will conclude by defining the applicability of the problem as it relates to these terms and will attempt to suggest a solution in curbing or even eliminating discrimination and disparity within the system. It is often said that the American Criminal Justice System directly discriminates against minorities based on race, gender, ethnicity, religion, and economic status. To clarify the credibility of such statement, one must be able to understand that deeply weaved within such claim stands the issue of disparity. Disparity and discrimination are two important social factors affecting the American socio-cultural aspects, especially those aspects related to the criminal justice system. Often, these similar terms are used interchangeably, however...
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...There are various assumption of the American Criminal Justice system which considers the system as a failure to its people. We must ask ourselves, what are the problems with the criminal justice system? How can we resolve those issues? In this article some of the issues of the criminal justice system are being addressed and some solutions to those issues are given as well. Many problems foreseen in the criminal justice system are, laws that criminalize behaviors that should not be criminal, client populations at every stage who are disproportionately mentally ill, drug-dependent, or both and are often dealt within appropriately or inhumanely, pretrial detention systems that are over used and undermine the already disadvantaged lives of the mostly poor and minority people they hold,...
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...Discretion is judgment, and in specific to the criminal justice system, the judgment exercised by applying principles, values and facts. The discretion of police and judges is of paramount importance but in reality, discretion is used from the planning of the crime by the offender, reporting the crime by victims and witnesses, to police investigation, the DPP role in taking the case to court, charge negotiation and judicial discretion. The rule of law is the basic premise that govern and guide the criminal justice. The rule of law create equality among everyone including authorities, criminals and accused. The police have a lot do with discretion under the justice system since they face different situation every day and no situation is the same. There are two type of police discretion which are individual and command. Individual deals with the police and command is the handle with the police administrator. Since no two situation are the same, most police use their judgment to solve the situation. A prosecutor have a lot to do with discretion too since a criminal may need a plea bargain, investigate if the accuse is guilty or not guilty. Whether to charge an accused or not to charge an accused is a critical factor in the discretion of the justice system. Also, do the accuse get a plea bargain and what are they offering and what will they get. The judges have a lot to do with it as well, from the individual release, sentence and what evidence to allow in the courtroom. Discretion...
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...SOCIAL JUSTICE This is a sample paper for Dr. Matthew Robinson’s class … CJ 5150, “American Justice System and Social Justice” at Appalachian State University The paper is not be used for any purpose other than illustration for students in the class!!! Social Justice versus Criminal Justice Appalachian State University Social Justice versus Criminal Justice In this paper I will discuss how different aspects, policies, and procedures of the United States criminal justice system are inconsistent with the principles of social justice posited by John Rawls and David Miller. The criminal justice system does not promote socially just outcomes or practices. First of all, the criminal justice system is not really a system at all; it is a network. Second, criminal justice places greater emphasis on crime control, rather than due process rights. Our system encourages punishment rather than rehabilitation. Finally, criminal justice policies such as the death penalty and the war on drugs reflect prejudices within the system, resulting in unequal treatment. Before beginning to explain these flaws within criminal justice, I will first define social justice and explain the essential social justice principles suggested in Rawls and Miller’s theories. Social Justice Justice is based on two supposedly equal conceptions. First, guilty offenders are held accountable for their actions and second, that criminal justice processes...
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...There is no hiding the fact that both disparity and discrimination are alive and well in the criminal justice field. When reading the words disparity and discrimination, at first glance one might think of them being the same. When we take a closer look at the two the definitions when it pertains to the criminal justice system, they become quite different. It is an important task to identify the two definitions in the criminal justice system, and have an open mind to the cause of disparity rather than to assume discrimination. The first thing we must do is define both disparity and discrimination. Disparity is defined as lack of similarity or equality toward a group of people. For example if someone was to make the statement, a prison population that holds 100 inmates, out of those 100 inmates 75% of them where black inmates. One would quickly come to the conclusion that the justice system in this area is creating disparity of treatment towards the black population. But in actuality this is not the case. The area that the population was pulled from was an area that was predominantly black. This example would be the case of disparity not discrimination. Disparity is not necessarily a choice; it’s what is in the focus area. One area in south may be harsher on burglaries and more lenient on drug related crimes. But on the surface in that area, more black people may be committing more drug related crimes. So it would appear that the courts are sentencing more time toward...
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...Introduction The criminal justice system is a necessary aspect of the American society that includes the Constitution and the bill of rights. The value of the laws is to protect the innocent and punish the guilty, to ensure safety, and equality treatment for all. In protecting the society, the criminal justice system has evolved with society when making changes in technology; this change is to detect growing trends. When changes takes place criminal justice system is keeping up with the society as a priority because society is always changing. Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation Most everyone has different views or opinion of the criminal justice system, such as harsh, too lax. favor one side, or the other. Trends have been there for many years but the main issue has been the capital punishment. Capital punishment has been around for centuries but was cheap in those days where they use an axe or a sword to behead a criminal, and this was the method used, and the tools used were always readily available. Throughout the history capital punishment has been an aspect within the criminal justice system, but not accepted by many. Capital punishment is still used but there has been so much controversy, different methods has been used in the past and present, and have advanced with technology, with lethal injection and electrocution. When creating the new method, there were many items being viewed to forbid cruelty and barbaric. Today these methods are used in certain...
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...Cameron Golden Dr. Casey Citrin Advanced Senior Humanities 8 April 2018 Gender Bias in the Criminal Justice System Script Introduction Hello, my name is Cameron Golden and I will be taking about the gender bias and the issue of gender neutrality in the US criminal justice system. The first issue I will be focusing on is the root cause for the violent crimes committed by women. Second, I will talk about how the US criminal justice system is biased in the orientation of the system and how it prevents an equal and fair trial and conviction of female offenders. The third issue I will be discussing is the way the law addresses homicide in domestic cases verses what is known as stranger violence and the underrepresentation of women receiving harsher...
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...Organizational Effectiveness Rita Goforth March 10, 2014 CJA/474 Professor Mathew Workman Introduction Organizational effectiveness can mean many things for different organizations, from making sales to managing employees and even time and data management. Within the criminal justice organization it is much more important than just making sure the criminal justice agency is merely operating properly. Achieving and maintaining efficient productivity, performance values, and efficiency are crucial in order for any organization to be successful (Mihalicz, 2012). Applying the theories of organizational effectiveness to the management aspect of criminal justice organizations and personnel will help supervisors and administrators to be truly effective in operating and managing a criminal justice entity. Prioritizing, obtaining constructive feedback, and keeping your focus on specific tasks at hand are all important tools to successfully and effectively manage a criminal justice entity. Define Organizational Effectiveness Organizational effectiveness is the concept of how effective an organization is in completing and achieving the greatest outcomes within the organization that will produce the best results, according to Dwight Milhalicz 2012. He believes that the short term areas of organizational effectiveness are just as important as the sustainability, concerns for others, and the corporate culture of the organization (Milhalicz 2012). Strong management and...
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...Name Course Institution Introduction According to Lynch, (2008), racial discrimination in the criminal justice is said to exist when a part of ethnic or racial group within the control system is greater than the proportion of such groups in the general population. Unlawful racial disparity results from dissimilar handling of similar people by virtue of race. This may be attributed to overt trial basis or effect of factors that are indirectly linked to race. In some instances discrimination results from un-guarded, individual or institutional level decisions that are made based on race (Lynch2008). Context of the Problem According to statistics, the population of United States is made up of 13% Black population. Despite this as of 2009 blacks made up 28.3 percent of all those sentenced to life imprisonment 56.4 percent of whom were serving life without parole. Despite similar rates of drug use, Blacks are incarcerated on drug charges at a rate ten times greater than whites. Only 12% of people who use the drug are blacks, but Blacks constitute 38 % of those arrested for drug crimes and 59 % of those in state prison for drug crimes. Although both consume equivalent proportions of marijuana, Blacks are 3.73 times more likely to be arrested for being in possession of marijuana. In some counties, Blacks are 10, 15, even 30 times more likely to be arrested (Stuntz, 2011). Sentencing imposed on black males in the federal...
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...Week Three Read Me First criminal courts INTRODUCTION This week focuses on the criminal court system. Courts are typically limited in geographical jurisdiction and in the cases that they can hear. The United States has a dual court system in which the courts closely resemble and complement one another. The courts also have what is known as a courtroom work group that consists of the judge, prosecutor, defense attorney, baliff, clerk, and court reporters. The roles of the courtroom workgroup will be discussed at length this week. This Week in Relation to the Course This week, you explore what happens after arrest. All offenders must go through a series of steps following arrest and detention. This process involves the court system and a number of players who have an integral role in the criminal justice system, such as mental health workers, probation officers, jurors, and so on. The defense attorney, prosecutor, and judge are three of the most important positions involved in this process. The roles of the prosecutor, defense attorney, judge, and other members of the court are examined. You learn about the options that judges consider when determining punishment. You also explore the premise of determinate and indeterminate sentencing and how it affects the actions of the court. The differences between the federal and the state courts and between adult and juvenile court systems are another important aspect of this week. You discuss the various steps during...
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...Court Issues Analysis “The primary function of American criminal courts is to determine the legal guilt of the accused—that is, to determine if a person is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of committing a crime”, they essentially take over where police left off (Robinson, 2009). Although there is more to the court system other than finding individuals innocent or guilty much, the courts are also responsible for establishing bail, operating preliminary hearings, ruling on the admissibility of evidence, and determining the proper sentence when a guilty verdict has been obtained. Though they perform many functions for the criminal justice system, there are many issues still facing the courts today. This analysis will discuss in detail, the current and future issues encountering courts and court administrators today. Also future management issues and trends concerning language interpretations services will be discussed, in addition to assessing the past, present, and future impact the victims’ rights laws have on court proceedings. There are several current and future disputes facing courts and court administrators today. One major factor that some may hold opposing views would be the use of plea bargaining in our court system. “Shockingly, more than 90% of felony cases in the United States in any given year are disposed of via plea bargaining” (Robinson, 2009). Criminal trials are responsible for determining the innocence or guilt of those in question, whereas plea bargaining...
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...reflection to realize that the term ‘just’ and ‘justice’ is vital to the operation of society and social networks. We are perhaps fortunate that we have lost one of the senses which the term had for the Greeks, the sense in which, justice was equivalent to virtue in general; nevertheless we can use the concept in many different contexts to make a variety of moral and political points, Zajda & Rust, (2006). First and foremost before one can truly define social justice we have to start with what is justice itself. Justice is defined as a concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural, religion, fairness, or equity, along with the punishment of the breach of said ethics; it’s just the act of being fair. Our understanding of the concepts of social justice can be viewed as important because it works along with the criminal justice system model. A general definition of social justice is hard to arrive at and even harder to implement. In essence, social justice is concerned with equal justice, not just in the courts, but in all aspects of society. This concept demands that people have equal rights and opportunities; everyone, from the poorest person on the margins of society to the wealthiest deserves an even playing field. The concept of social justice was coined by Jesuit Luigi Taparelli in 1840 based on the teachings of St. Thomas Aquinas and given further exposure in 1848 by Antonio Rosmini-Serbati. Social justice covers an array of issues; hence it is very...
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...The “justice as a human problem” worldwide accentuates that the type of justice adopted in a society heavily depends on the cultural norms and social values regarding human behaviours. For example, western societies mostly focus on the retributive justice as means for demonstrating justice through the infliction of punishment against those who violated the laws. The victims are often emotionally devastated, but they also suffer severe hardships in the criminal justice process during testimonies or sentence hearings (Herman, 2005). For example, the victims are negatively stigmatized in society due to the infliction of certain crimes like sexual assault, which increases fear and anxiety (Herman, 2005). It remains imperative that the criminal justice system actively takes steps to fulfill the victim’s needs in order to gain strong cooperation (Herman, 2005)....
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...Race and Crimes Raymond Washington Strayer University CRJ 105 Crime And Criminal Behavior Dr. Robert Roth October 19, 2015 In America today race plays a major role on how disciplines of criminology and criminal justice are used. Especially for African Americans who made up roughly 27 percent of arrest in the United States which is 1 out of 4 of every young black male. Research shows that this problem it’s only becoming worse and the outcome of a racist criminal justice system could lead to more unwarranted arrest. Race is a relatively arbitrarily social defined status. In the United States race and ethics classification system have inherent a problem of biased, racial profiling and discrimination. This contention revolves on why and how some racial minorities has been over the years, which as led to a persistently disproportionate representation in the natures crime figures including the prison population. For example, arrest for violent crimes in 2002 were a disproportionately 38 percent for Black whose portion of the National for population according to the 2000 census data, stood at 12.3 percent. Also race plays a part in how policing and racial profiling to sentences and corrections are conducted. An example of racial profiling comes in from Maryland (Prince Georges County) according to The Washington Post reported that, "in May 2001 federal prosecutors charged a county police officer with releasing her police dog on an unarmed Mexican immigrant as part of a pattern...
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