...The Evolution of Criminal Justice Technology Rakeisha Hudson Kaplan University Abstract The Evolution the job is exacting. The police are asked to control crime, maintain order, and provide an intricate array of services, from responding to emergency 911 calls to regulating the flow of traffic. On occasion, they must perform remarkable feats of criminal investigation, quell rowdy crowds and violent offenders, and put their lives on the line. Much of the time, police resources are limited. It is estimated that the workload crime imposes on the police has increased fivefold since 1960. Their resources have not kept pace with their workload. To do their job, police frequently have looked to technology for enhancing their effectiveness. The police, with crime laboratories and radio networks, made early use of technology, but most police departments could have been equipped 30 or 40 years ago as well as they are today. The Crime Commission in response to rapidly rising crime rates and urban disorders. The Commission advocated federal government funding for state and local criminal agencies to support their efforts. It called for what soon became the 911 system for fielding emergency calls and recommended that agencies acquire computers to automate their functions. But even with the start-up help of hundreds of millions of dollars in early federal assistance, computerization came slowly. Only in recent years have...
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...Constitution and protect the constituents. But the question at stake is, how can the number of law enforcers augment to the need of the total populace? Thus, the challenge is posed … How is the making of law enforcers? Criminology major subjects are intended to prepare those whose lives are dedicated in upholding the law and in protection to everyone. The researchers devoted themselves to assess the Successes and Difficulties of their batch enabling them to fulfill for whatever field they may engage either Board Passers or Non-Board Passers. Having so stated, this study focuses about: Academic & Economic Aspects in order to gauge and recommend practical, technical, legal and logistics programs and practices applicable hereto subject to the approval of the School Administration that will assure positive impact to the concerned stakeholders. Hence, this study entitled Successes and Difficulties of EARIST Cavite Campus Bachelor of Science in Criminology Students in Their Major subjects. Setting of the Study Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology (EARIST)- Cavite Campus, formerly called EARIST-GASAT (General Alvarez School of Arts and Trades), is a branch school of EARIST in Manila, a government state college. It operates with the funding support from the budgetary allotment of its Mother Institution, EARIST. Established on March 24, 1982, EARIST Cavite Campus started by offering vocational-technical courses with Mr. Rodrigo P. Hipol (Dr. Hipol)...
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...The Importance of Criminalistics and Forensics in Criminal Justice System Olympia Hernandez CJ-312 Criminalistics March 20, 2015 Instructor Jorge Valenzuela Criminalistics and forensic science has grown both in scope and importance to the criminal justice system. There is no question that it has become instrumental in complementing and supporting traditional investigations. However, has it become more important than the traditional methods of investigating such as questioning eyewitnesses, interrogating suspects, and determining information from street informants? According to Mary Bernstein, Forensic science has surfaced as a critical tool in assigning guilt or establishing innocence in the criminal justice system. In...
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...Forensic Science is the application of science to the law. In recent years the use of forensic science has become increasingly necessary to help with criminal and civil investigations. Although forensic evidence is admissible in court one must keep in mind how that evidence made its way to the court system. I will take you through the process. For there to be admissible evidence for a court case there must be physical evidence which would have been collected at a crime scene therefore there must have been some kind of crime committed. A crime with physical evidence doesn’t necessarily mean something violent but it can be. Theft, arson, car accident and murder are just a few examples of what a crime can be. The process begins when the crime has been committed, to the officers arriving on the scene, to surveying the scene, collecting the evidence, submitting it to the lab, submitting it as evidence and finally the acceptance of the evidence. When a call is sent out regarding a possible crime and the first officer arrives on scene it is that officer’s obligation to do a few things as precise as possible: 1. seek medical attention for those who may need it, 2. arrest or detain any perpetrators, and 3. secure the crime scene. Securing the crime scene is extremely important because you want to be able to retrieve as much evidence as possible. By securing the crime scene you are blocking off the area from unauthorized personnel. You want to keep the foot traffic to...
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...Chapter 15 1. Father of the country 2. “houses of refuge” 3. reform school 4. Illinois Juvenile Court Act 5. • The state is the “higher or ultimate parent” of all the children within its borders. • Children are worth saving, and nonpunitive procedures should be used to save the child. • Children should be nurtured. While the nurturing process is under way, they should be protected from the stigmatizing impact of formal adjudicatory procedures. • To accomplish the goal of reformation, justice needs to be individualized; that is, each child is different, and the needs, aspirations, living conditions, and so on of each child must be known in their individual particulars if the court is to be helpful. • Noncriminal procedures are necessary to give primary consideration to the needs of the child. The denial of due process can be justified in the face of constitutional challenges because the court acts not to punish, but to help. 6. Status offenses 7. • Notice, to comply with due process requirements, must be given sufficiently in advance of scheduled court proceedings so that reasonable opportunity to prepare will be afforded. • The probation officer cannot act as counsel for the child. His role in the adjudicatory hearing, by statute and in fact, is as arresting officer and witness against the child. There is no material difference in this respect between adult and juvenile proceedings...
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...125 years ago, winter 1879, Paris First agency police prefecture clerk Alphonse Bertillion was sitting in dark cold corner of huge file-cabinet room, where there were stored files on all Parisian criminals. A.Bertillion was entering the criminals’ description. He found out that there is no classification system, since: a) Criminals could easily change their names, and attempts to try different systems (by age, criminal method) end up in failure. Bertillion, son of Lui Bertillion – president of the Anthropological society, came up with an idea to utilize anthropological parameters (height, length and volume of the head, length of the hands, fingers, etc.) to identify personality. This was a break-through in criminalistics. With the development of electronics, Bertillioon’s theory was recalled and scientists realized that human beings have numerous unique characteristics beginning from the iris of the eye to the fingerprints and all these characteristics can be used in personality identification. With the rapid development of computer technologies, the concept of information security is becoming more and more important. Crime scene investigators have been using behavioral and physical characteristics for centuries in order to identify the criminals, nowadays; we have a great need for identification and authorization in information security. Information Security is being understood as a protection of the information and informational infrastructure from the impacts...
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...deal with life on a regular basis, many will choose to steal or do drugs, which can lead to them committing other crimes. Some people see committing crimes as their only option to make a living so they turn to a life of crime. People commit criminal acts because they either have a mental illness or the environment in which they were raised. Due to family tension anyone can go as far as committing crime no matter what. Most of us have criminalistics tendencies at certain times. A child, particularly, living in a family where the emotional tension is acute as well as continuous, will become sensitized to crime. The person remembers their painful memories about their childhood memories that will result in aggression. When their conscience hasn’t been sufficiently developed they can commit a crime under pressure of certain factors. When emotional tension in the family is present in an unhealthy lifestyle it’s a breeding ground for crime. With emotional relationship between parents or siblings instigates criminalistics activities more than the economic or social position of the family. The core of crime is within the...
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...Serology science is often used for health care purposes (Saferstein, 2011). The major use of serology in the criminal justice system is to analyze the properties and the effect of serums such as blood, semen, saliva, sweat, and fecal matter. Serology is used to determine the type and characteristics of blood, blood testing, bloodstain examination, and preparation of testimony or presentations at trials. Serology is also used to help prosecute criminals. Serology is an evolving science, it is not only used in the criminal justice system, but it is used in the health care system to test for medical conditions such as syphilis, HIV, and viral arthritis. It can also be used to determine blood types (www.nlada.org). Saferstein, R. (2011) Criminalistics: an introduction to forensics science, (10th ed.) Pearson Education Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Forensic Serology retrieved, December 11, 2012 from...
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...comes into question some crime scene investigator or lab personnel may need to testify to the authenticity or to support the prosecutions testimony (Buckles, 2007.) Technicians might be called to testify that a photo is accurately portrayed, or a criminalist to testify about the standards of testing, collection, or analysis of evidence (Buckles, 2007.) Crime scene investigators and personnel will also create the foundation of the scientific evidence presented at trial, in addition to identifying and authenticate evidence including offering scientific opinions on how evidence is obtained and used (Buckles, 2007.) Reference Buckles, T. (2007). VitalSource. Retrieved from https://www.vitalsource.com/products/crime-scene-investigation-criminalistics-and-the-thomas-buckles-v9781285400686 ...
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...CHAPTER I The Problem and Its Background Introduction Education is instrumental in harnessing man’s potentials and capacities to make him a productive and effective member of society; hence the total development of the individual is the ultimate aim of education. Thus, schools were established in all feasible areas to quench man’s quest for further knowledge and optimum development. In effect, awareness to the significant benefits of education directed the school towards offering different courses, specifically in the tertiary level. One of such education is Criminology, a highly intellectual field, especially because the majority of the job’s responsibilities rely on determining and analyzing criminal patterns. According to Agas (2008), criminology focused on the study of crime, the causes of crime, the meaning of crime in terms of law, and community reaction to crime. It also deals with the scientific study of criminals and criminal behavior. Criminologists attempt to build theories that explain why crimes occur and test those theories by observing behavior. This course focuses on such topics as criminal jurisprudence, criminal sociology, crime detection and investigation, drug education and vice control, law enforcement administration, correctional administration, industrial security management, probation, and juvenile delinquency. As such, criminology students shall pass all of the General Education and Professional subjects and undergo Comprehensive Review...
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...Attorney-client privilege- The legal rule by which an attorney cannot disclose confidential information regarding his or her client except in a very few specified circumstances. 251 Situational model- A conceptualization in which lawyers weigh the priorities in each case and decide each case on the particular factors present. 255 Systems model- An absolute or legalistic model in that an attorney’s behavior would always be considered wrong or right depending on the ethical rule guiding the definition. 256 Asset-forfeiture- A legal tool used to confiscate property and money associated with organized criminal activity. 261 Halo effect- The phenomenon in which a person with expertise or status in one area is given deference in all areas. 266 Criminalistics- The profession involved in the application of science to recognize, identify, and evaluate physical evidence in court proceedings. 268 Federal sentencing guidelines- Mandated sentences created by Congress for use by judges when imposing sentences (recent Supreme Court decisions have overturned the mandatory nature of the guidelines). 277 Chapter 9 Questions: 1. Explain the confidentiality rules of defense attorneys, and some situations where they may be able to disclose confidential information. The ethical duty of confidentiality prohibits an attorney from disclosing to any person, or for using for one’s own gain, information about one’s client obtained through the client-attorney relationship. Except when the client consents,...
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...Phase 1: Individual Project 1 CJFI360-1601A-01: Introduction to Criminalistics Professor: Frank Smith Colorado Technical University Online Obaid Rahman January 11, 2016 As the lead investigator for your investigations unit you have been selected by your supervisor to develop an updated list of qualifications for new prospective investigators who apply to transfer into the unit. In particular your supervisor wants your feedback on several areas they feel will be key to the selection process. Keep in mind that your paper should be 4 to 5 pages in length, not counting the cover sheet, abstract, and reference section, and the paper should meet all APA6 standards and requirements. Assignment Guidelines Address the following in 750–1,000 words: What are some of the characteristics the unit should look for in a potential investigator? Explain. In particular, explain why honesty and integrity are critical qualities for investigators to possess. What would be the educational level you would recommend for the beginner investigator to possess before being accepted into the unit? Why? How would prior experience in the field play a role (if any) in your decision on your educational requirements? Explain. What role will previous work history and supervisory recommendations play in the decision making process? Why? Be sure to reference all sources using APA style. References Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 2004, Brian A. Reaves, Ph.D.(August 2008), Retrieve from...
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...Question 1. Describe the proper collection and preservation of paint evidence from an automobile suspected of being involved in a hit and run incident. Paint that is foreign to the suspect automobile is observed on the hood. When a hit and run accident occurs, the responding officer should look for what is known as paint transfer between the vehicles involved. In this particular case, the transfer of paint would be located on the vehicles hood. The officer should make every attempt to recover known paint samples or loose paint chips close to the area and roadway where the accident occurred. This is important due to the fact that with many vehicles the hoods may not have been painted at the same location or with the same paint used on the body. With this known, it is important that the officer take a paint sample from the exact part of the vehicle upon which the damage occurred. In reference to hit and run investigations, paint samples should be taken near the point of impact, but should not be taken from areas where there is corrosion or rust. This procedure can be done by the investigator by removing a painted section with a clean scalpel or knife blade. It is important for the knife or scraping instrument used to be clean in order to avoid any form of cross contamination. Referring to the text, it suggests that samples be taken in ¼ inch squares. Note that each paint sample taken should be packaged separately and marked with the location from where it was...
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...chemistry or biology. Many forensic scientists have an undergraduate degree in natural sciences as well as a master’s degree in forensic science. Other important skills for forensic scientists to have are communication skills, composure, critical-thinking skills, very detail oriented, math and science skills, along with problem solving skills (“Forensic Science Technicians”). Most forensic scientists will start out as an assistant to a more experienced forensic scientist, eventually working their way up, after having much experience working with someone, to work on their own cases rather than assisting someone else. When obtaining a degree in forensics, most people will choose a specific area to concentrate in such as psychology, pathology, criminalistics, latent evidence, or trace evidence. ...
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...some fiber found from Williams home, cars, bed, dog or himself. The expert witnesses tied together the fibers and showed the improbabilities that this many matching unusual fibers would be found on so many different victims. Eye witness statements of seeing Williams with one of the victim’s hours before his death sealed his sentence. (FBI 2014; Saferstein 2011; Biography 2015). Biography.com Editors. The Biography.com website. http://www.biography.com/people/wayne-williams-14424594. Retrieved May 7, 2017. Serial Killers; Part 5: Feb. 7, 2014. Wayne Williams and the Atlanta Child Murders. https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/-serial-killers-part-5-wayne-williams-and-the-atlanta-child-murdersRetrieved May 7, 2017. Saferstein, R. (2011). Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science. (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. ...
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