...Anthropologists in cross-cultural management 28 February, 2009 tags: Applied Anthropology, business anthropology, cross cultural managementby alfonsvanmarrewijk .Observing people in Sydney made me quite clear that the dominant focus of cross-cultural academics and practitioners on national cultures is problematic. People from so-many cultural background study and work in closely cooperation at universities and public and private organisations. Looking at your Indian, English, Dutch, Japanese or German colleague as representatives of fixed national cultures will not help you very much in your collaboration. The so-called essentialistic perspective has become very popular in contemporary management literature and consultancy and is highlighted by European authors, such as Hofstede (1990) and Trompenaars (1993). The work of Hofstede and Trompenaars, who have developed ‘cultural maps of the world’ in which each country can be situated based on their score on different indexes, fitted perfectly in the assumption that culture is a (more or less) stable entity that can be ‘engineered’, and managed. However, recent evaluations of these essentialistic cultural programs are not positive in regard to organizational costs and sustainability. The programs use a dramatic oversimplification of the culture concept and make no difference between espoused values and actual behaviour. Consultants of large cross-cultural consultancy firms themselves don’t believe in the value of multi value models...
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...western management approaches: is convergence occurring?, Interntaional Business & Economics Research Journal, 2 (4), 63-73. Flache, A., & Macy, M.W. (2011) Local convergence and global diversity: from interpersonal to social influence, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 55 (970), 970- 995. Gentry, W.A,. & Sparks, T.E. (2012) A Convergence/divergence perspective of leadership competencies mangers believe are most important for success in organizations: A cross-cultural multilevel analysis of 40 countries, Journal of Business and Psychology, 27 (1), 15-30. Gupta, S.F (2012) Integrating national culture measures in the context of business decision making- an initial measurement development test of a mid level model, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 19 (4), 455- 505. Gupta, V., & Wang, J. (2011) Globalization and convergence-divergence debate: strategic perspectives for emerging markets, Journal of Business and Economic Research, 1 (2), 69-76. Huang, C., Mujtaba, B.D., Cavico, F.J., & Sims, R.L. (2006) Ethics and executives: a cross-cultural comparison of Japan, Taiwan, and the United States, International Business & Economic Research Journal, 5 (7), 9-22. Hofstede, G., (1983) Cultural dimensions for project management, International Journal of Project Management, 1 (1), 41-48 Jackson, T. (2011) From Cultural balues to cross-cultural interface:...
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...Quality management: a cross-cultural perspective -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Document Information: Title: Quality management: a cross-cultural perspective Author(s): Alessandra Vecchi, (School of Business, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland), Louis Brennan, (School of Business, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland) Citation: Alessandra Vecchi, Louis Brennan, (2009) "Quality management: a cross-cultural perspective", Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, Vol. 16 Iss: 2, pp.149 - 164 Keywords: Cross-cultural studies, Culture, Quality management, Strategic manufacturing Article type: Research paper DOI: 10.1108/13527600910953900 (Permanent URL) Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Abstract: Purpose – The aim of this paper is to present the results of a survey administered across 23 countries that examines quality priorities, practices and performance by adopting Hofstede's national cultural framework. The purpose of this study is to test the validity of the “culture-specific” argument as an explanatory construct for explaining quality management. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected in 2006 as part of the IV iteration of the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey. The methodology involved the use of a self-administered questionnaire to director/head of operations/manufacturing in best practice firms within the sector of firms classified by ISIC codes (rev.3.1) Divisions...
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...2012 International Conference on Technology and Management Lecture Notes in Information Technology, Vol.21 The Cross-Cultural Management of Chinese Enterprises’ Cross-Border M&A--- A Process-Based Perspective Bo Xu1, Xi Jiang2, Haiyan Yan3 1 1900, Wenxiang Road, Songjiang District, 201620 Shanghai, China brianxubo@163.com 1900, Wenxiang Road, Songjiang District, 201620 Shanghai, China jiangxi-219@163.com 1900, Wenxiang Road, Songjiang District, 201620 Shanghai, China yanhelen@163.com 2 3 Keywords: cross-border M&A; cross-cultural management; M&A process Abstract. This paper aims to investigate Chinese enterprises’ cross-culture management issues from the perspective of three stages of before, during and after the cross-border merger and acquisition. It proposed an analytical framework of cross-culture management under which the major focus was on the cultural distance measure, the choices of negotiation/information disclosure, integration mode selecting, culture conflict/ integration and culture innovation in the process of Chinese enterprises’ cross-border M&A. 1. Introduction According to the “China's Foreign Direct Investment Statistical Bulletin 2010”, China's foreign direct investment, the amount of direct investment, in the form of M&A, reached $29.7 billion in the fields of mining, manufacturing, electricity production/supply, professional technical services and financial sector in 2010. From the report of Chinese enterprises overseas mergers and acquisitions...
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...International Journal of Cross Cultural Management http://ccm.sagepub.com A Cross Cultural Perspective on Perceived Leadership Effectiveness Jun Yan and James G. Jerry Hunt International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 2005; 5; 49 DOI: 10.1177/1470595805050824 The online version of this article can be found at: http://ccm.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/5/1/49 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for International Journal of Cross Cultural Management can be found at: Email Alerts: http://ccm.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://ccm.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations (this article cites 6 articles hosted on the SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): http://ccm.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/5/1/49#BIBL Downloaded from http://ccm.sagepub.com at N E Wales Inst of H E on February 28, 2007 © 2005 SAGE Publications. All rights reserved. Not for commercial use or unauthorized distribution. CCM International Journal of 2005 Vol 5(1): 49–66 Cross Cultural Management A Cross Cultural Perspective on Perceived Leadership Effectiveness Jun Yan California State University, USA James G. (Jerry) Hunt Institute for Leadership Research, Texas Tech University, USA ABSTRACT We propose a theoretical model to explain how societal/cultural settings may influence the leadership perception processes of followers...
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...Rationale/Motivation Over the past two decades, cross-border or international mergers and acquisitions (IM&As) have become the favored method of foreign direct investment (FDI). The form shows that IM&As go both ways: toward developing countries and from them, reshaping the world’s economic boundaries. Trends notwithstanding, researchers suggest that, overall, the expected financial benefits of M&As are often not recognized. The highest rate of failures has been linked mainly to the fact that “M&As are still designed with business organization and financial fit as primary conditions, leaving psychological and cultural issues as secondary concerns”. While as new countries start out into the free-market economic system, paying attention to cultural factors in IM&As is becoming essential. The wider cultural gap and the current trend of IM&Asbetween developed and developing countries increases the urgency of understanding the effects of civilization on the dynamics of IM&As and on issues such as corporate organization and local adaptation strategy. The present research is designed in response to this shortcoming. It examines the effects of culture on the outcome of IM&As and the variability of these effects during the different phases of an IM&A. The research focuses on the international aspect of cultural conflicts—the differentiating factor between domestic mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and IM&As. It measures success from an organization’s internal perspective, comparing what the IM&A, at...
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...Diversity management Student’s name Lecturer’s name Institution Date Introduction One of the greatest tasks individuals face is communicating across differences resulting from different cultural diversity. There is always fear that exists that what an individual will intend to say will be understood in a way that they never meant it to be due to cultural differences in a team (Chauvet 2009, p. 221). My research team was composed of seven members that were four local students and three Chinese. Through the group activity, I have personally gained a lot from working with my research team on diversity management. The paper analyzes my self-awareness on cross-cultural issues and provides an insight into our chosen research topic ‘benefits and challenges of a cross-cultural team’. The paper further analyzes the implications of diversity management in an organization as a manager. My self-awareness on cross-cultural issues From the group activity, I was able to learn that cultural awareness is the base of communication and it entails the ability of individuals to stand back and become aware of their cultural values, beliefs, perceptions and differences. It is essential for individuals to understand the reason why they do things differently, why they react differently in a particular ways and perceive the world in different ways. Cross-cultural awareness is central when individuals interact with people from different cultures as individuals will evaluate and interpret...
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...solution to help Riordan develop cross cultural management tactics that meet strategic goals. Remember that your solution needs to focus on the cross cultural management concepts covered in the course (see the mind map in Week Four on your rEsourceSM course page). Be sure to incorporate appropriate citations from your readings and research. NOTE: The word count does not include the tables. Be prepared to propose your solution to your peers and defend your ideas. The instructor will determine the method that this defense will take. Please Note: Please remember that this is a study guide and to use it as such. You still need to put your assignment in your own words. You can summarize, and paraphrase the information in this guide to fit your needs but I would advise that you do not turn it in word for word as your own work or you risk plagiarism. Good luck with your studies! Problem Solution: Riordan In today’s global competitive business landscape, the successful management of a global workforce is crucial to the success of the entire organization. Success in this arena is contingent on many factors some of which are awareness of and adjustments to cultural dimensions, correctly applied management styles, and effective job design. Awareness of and adjustments to cultural dimensions is an important aspect of successfully managing a diverse workforce because of the direct impact these dimensions have on management functions. Cultural dimensions determine people’s...
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...International Business Studies (2006) 37, 525–543 & 2006 Academy of International Business All rights reserved 0047-2506 $30.00 www.jibs.net Cross-cultural competence in international business: toward a definition and a model James P. Johnson1, Tomasz Lenartowicz2 and Salvador Apud3 Crummer Graduate School of Business, Rollins College, Winter Park, USA; 2Deparment of Management, International Business and Entrepreneurship, College of Business, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA; 3LBJ School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas, Austin, USA Correspondence: Dr James P. Johnson, Crummer Graduate School of Business, Rollins College, Office number 204, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA. Tel: þ 1 407 646 2486; Fax: þ 1 407 646 1550; E-mail: jpjohnson@rollins.edu 1 Abstract Many international business failures have been ascribed to a lack of crosscultural competence (CC) on the part of business practitioners. However, the international business literature appears to lack an adequate conceptualization and definition of the term ‘CC’, focusing instead on the knowledge, skills and attributes that appear to be its antecedents. In this conceptual study, we propose a definition of CC as it applies to international business and develop a model for understanding how CC is nurtured in individuals, linking our definition to the concept of cultural intelligence. We discuss the components of the model and suggest that there are environmental and contextual impediments to the effective...
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...Management of Cross Cultural Teams- Problems and Effective Management of Cross- Cultural Teams VAIBHAV MISRA Management Consultant and Ex- Lecturer Bora Institute of Management Sciences Lucknow INDIA vaibhav.misra@aol.in ABSTRACT As the world economy is globalized the companies are expanding their businesses in international markets for business profitability. The teams are recruited by these companies in the international market for the business tasks to be performed. These teams belong to different cultural background and have different values. The author will discuss about the problems faced by these cross- cultural teams. The author had also focused on the strategies to cope up with these problems of cross- cultural teams. The author will act as researcher and will use exploratory research design, i.e. the study will be based on secondary data taken from magazines, journals, internet and reports. These tools will help author to conclude the objectives of the study. The author found that there are problems among the cross-cultural teams regarding their cultural background. The different ways are also suggested to cope up with the problems faced by crosscultural teams. The author had also focused on how to create effective management of multicultural teams. RESEARCH VALUE The research may be valuable for the companies who are looking for expanding the business and also for those companies who are facing the cross- cultural team issue. workplace leads to heightened tensions...
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...The discipline of cross-cultural psychology is a means for identifying and comprehending what is similar and different as far as individual’s behavior, thoughts, emotions, and motivations across cultures (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Cross-cultural psychology extends the ability of connecting with other individuals through a vast admiration and knowledge. To have a clear understanding of cross-cultural psychology, one must possess knowledge and a definition of cultural and cross-cultural psychology and examine their relationship. Also, in cross-cultural psychology it is of importance is to understand critical thinking’s role and the methodology of cross-cultural research. Definitions of Cultural and Cross-Cultural Psychology Cultural Psychology To understand cultural psychology, one must understand its definition. Therefore, it pursues discovering consequential links among the psychology of individuals and their culture. This is a systematic relationship between psychological and cultural variables (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Cultural psychology’s key message is that the behavior of humans only has meaning in a sociocultural context where such behavior takes place. Its key focus is studying how, whether, and when individuals have the tendency of internalizing the qualities of his or her culture (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Cultural psychology also takes a stand as for advocating the notion that an individual’s mental processes, which are the result of an individual’s interaction...
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...another day! Let us agree that you have decided it is about how a manager should manage a team of staff from different cultural backgrounds. We will not concern ourselves today where exactly you search and find your information. It could be books, newspapers, journals, reports, blogs, Google etc. etc. Again we will cover this another day! You have searched various places and come up with a variety of material. Here are 6 examples for you to compare and contrast. 1. Cross-cultural communication http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cultural_communication 2. Quality management : a cross-cultural perspective http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=4E6779B84E7B9FB1689E81123174751F?contentType=Article&contentId=1786448 3. Cross-cultural training: Learning to make the most of increasing internationalisation http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/300d8cea-c1f4-11d9-866a-00000e2511c8.html 4. Managing cross-cultural differences http://www.1000ventures.com/ten3_operations/customized/cross-cultural_differences_china-us.html 5. Anthropologists in cross-cultural management (Culture Matters) http://culturematters.wordpress.com/2009/02/28/anthropologists-in-cross-cultural-management/ 6. Handbook of cross-cultural : social behavior and applications http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Z0L7dwJKel8C&pg=PA380&dq=multicultural+communication+management&lr=&as_brr=1&ei=NAnCSoDaG4eSNaKJ8fAD&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q=multicultural%20communication%20management&f=false ...
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...the right materials. We will cover how you would do this another day! Let us agree that you have decided it is about how a manager should manage a team of staff from different cultural backgrounds. We will not concern ourselves today where exactly you search and find your information. It could be books, newspapers, journals, reports, blogs, Google etc. etc. Again we will cover this another day! You have searched various places and come up with a variety of material. Here are 6 examples for you to compare and contrast. 1. Cross-cultural communication http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-cultural_communication 2. Quality management : a cross-cultural perspective http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=4E6779B84E7B9FB1689E81123174751F?contentType=Article&contentId=1786448 3. Cross-cultural training: Learning to make the most of increasing internationalisation http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/300d8cea-c1f4-11d9-866a-00000e2511c8.html 4. Managing cross-cultural differences http://www.1000ventures.com/ten3_operations/customized/cross-cultural_differences_china-us.html 5. Anthropologists in cross-cultural management (Culture Matters) http://culturematters.wordpress.com/2009/02/28/anthropologists-in-cross-cultural-management/ 6. Handbook of cross-cultural : social behavior and applications...
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...MSc Management Cross-cultural Management module Cross Cultural Study of China and America Name of Student Name of Instructor Dated: Table of Contents S. No. | Topic | Page No. | Cross Cultural Study of China and America | | 1- | Introduction | 3 | 2- | Chinese Culture | 3 | 3- | Leadership styles and skills of China | 4 | 4- | Motivating others | 4 | 5- | Trust Builder | 5 | 6- | Talent retention | 5 | 7- | High Performance team | 5 | 8- | Management Style of China | 5 | 9- | The Guanxi | 6 | 10- | Individualism and collectivism | 6 | 11 | America’s Culture | 6 | 12 | Leadership Styles in America | 7 | 13 | Directive leadership | 7 | 14 | Participative leadership | 7 | 15 | Empowering leadership | 8 | 16 | Charismatic leadership | 8 | 17 | Management Styles of America | 8 | 18 | Ethical issues in cross cultural of China and America | 8 | 19 | Compare and contrast between China and USA | 9 | 20 | Conclusion | 11 | 21 | References | 12 | Introduction: This paper consists of cross cultural study of two developed countries named USA and China. These countries are well developed and exist in the major countries of the world. Both have an entire different culture in reference of behavior, leadership styles and management. China is the part of eastern countries and USA is a western country, both have entirely different environment and too far from each other. There are many roles that are involved in any organization...
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...Theory TERM PAPER Leadership for Diversity Management in Multinational Organizations Spring 2008 Introduction The objective of this paper is to emphasize the role of a leader in solving issues related to diversity management that challenge multinational organizations in the era of globalization. Shehata (2004) defines globalization as an increasing interconnectedness that involves “deepened and accelerated movement of information, capital, and people across the planet” (para. 6). The globalization process has been occurring for a number of centuries but its unprecedented growth in the twenty first century is altering the global economy and causing tremendous changes in the management and conduct of business and organizations. Globalization requires multinational organizations to eliminate borders and barriers of trade between nations resulting in a shift in traditional patterns of investment, production, distribution and trade. Due to elimination of geographical boundaries, multinational organizations face some unique cross-cultural people management challenges that can be addressed by effective diversity management initiatives. In this paper, I will present solutions to such unique issues from a hypothetical leader’s perspective. In the first section of the paper, I will explain the concept of diversity management through a thorough literature review, and propose an effective leadership style that can...
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