...中国高校师资研究 ・2013・1 11 基于卡尔多—希克斯改进的 高校高层次人才流动分析 姚建萍 孙德芬 （苏州大学 江苏 苏州 215325） 关 键 词 高等学校 高层次人才流动 效用分析 卡尔多—希克斯改进 内容摘要 本文在剖析高校高层次人才流动的内在原因和外在原因，以及导致的社会 总效用的变化的基础上， 提出了促进合理流动、 实现人才效用的卡尔多—希克斯改进的途径。 目前， 高等教育面临着市场经济的严峻 现本校人才队伍的跨越式发展。另一方面， 挑战，把竞争机制引入高等教育，是教育改 大量的专业技术人才， 为实现自身效用最大 革的必然趋势。与经济竞争、科技竞争相 化， 也在不断地寻求更加适合自身发展的院 同，教育竞争也是人才的竞争，高校之间的 校。在全社会尊重知识、尊重人才的环境氛 竞争主要是高层次人才的竞争。 谁拥有一支 围中， 在为人才流动提供的机制和平台的基 高层次人才队伍， 谁就拥有了学校发展的基 础上，人才流动相对频繁。与竞争中占据优 础和实力， 谁就能在激烈的竞争中立于不败 势的高校相比， 一些处于劣势的高校不仅难 之地。 近年来我国高校纷纷实施人才强校战 以吸引高层次人才， 而且现有的高层次人才 略，普遍十分重视人才队伍建设。除通过实 严重流失，特别是学有专长、术有专攻的 施“博士化工程” 、鼓励教师到国内外知名 高、精、尖专家学者的流失，给学校的教 大学和科研机构开展合作研究、 参加国内外 学、科研工作造成很多负面的影响和压力。 重大学术会议等措施来加强对在职教师的培 如何权衡人才流动产生的收益及损失， 以及 养外，各高校更是投入了大量的人力、物力 如何通过人才流动实现社会总效用的增加， 和财力，并出台一系列引进人才的优惠政 我们可以运用卡尔多—希克斯改进的基本理 策，竞相以丰厚待遇吸引高层次人才，以实 论加以分析。 第一作者简介： 姚建萍， 苏州大学人事处师资科科长， 女， 主要研究方向为高校人力资源管理。 中国高校师资研究・2013・1 12 一、高层次人才流动的内在原因 现的效用小于自已在其他高校或单位的机 效用是指对于消费者通过消费或者享受 会效用时，人才流动同样也成为必然，尤 闲暇等使自已的需求、 欲望等得到的满足的 其是高能的高层次人才。 一个度量。根据马斯洛的需求层次理论，人 高层次人才的自由流动是高校人力资源 们是被激励起来去满足一项或多项在他们一 配置的最好手段，其流动的根本在于对效 生中很重要的需求。 这种对自我需求的满足 用的追求。假设这种流动一般是在一个国 就是对效用的追求。 家内完成的， 在流动成本一定的条件下， 高 1959 年舒尔茨提出了“人力资本” 的 层次人才的自由流动能够实现国家范围内 概念。舒尔茨认为，人力资本是指人的知 的资源最优配置。但是，虽然高层次人才 识、技巧和才能，它们促进人的生产能力的 的流出可以使整个社会和人才本身在一定 提高，只有通过一定的投资方式，掌握了知 程度上实现一种效用的增加，但对于单个 识和技能的人力资源才能作为生产活动中的 高校来说，高层次人才的流失必然会使自 ...
Words: 733 - Pages: 3
...uba was bartering with its communist allies in return for goods. The sale of sugar was grossing over $5 billion. After the Soviet Union collapsed, the gross income from sugar dropped to $20 million. The Cuban government searched for methods to raise income and cut costs. They began by closing inefficient sugar mills and eventually shut down half of the island’s mills. Cuba could not begin exporting to the United States due to the embargo. They turned to Canada, Mexico, and Europe for the sale of sugar. Cuba began to search for a new export and found they held a large reserve of nickel. International mining companies saw the nickel reserve as a source of income and tried to establish relations with Cuba. Cuba saw that they had something other companies wanted and decided to exploit their desire to conduct business with them. Many restrictions and laws were established to milk international companies for extra money. The established laws that required non-Cuban investors to use the government to hire, fire, and pay its workers. This allowed to the government to choose exploitable workers for positions in the mills and mines. The government controlled the worker’s wages in order to keep a cut for themselves. One company was found to be paying the government $9,500 per year per worker and the workers would only receive $120 to $144 per year. This left the government with a large chuck of employee wages. It would be unethical for an international company...
Words: 287 - Pages: 2
...legacy. Castro's regime leaves behind a polarized memory split between people who him and heroify him. Some people view him as a great liberator of Cuba and some consider him a ruthless oppressor of his dissenters. Cuba is an anomaly among countries due to Castro’s policy on decolonization that has enriched the lives of many while simultaneously oppressing and destroying the lives of countless others. While Castro created many social movements such as health care and education that benefited...
Words: 1812 - Pages: 8
...Dianet Perez Garcia Politics of International Investment May 1, 2012 Foreign Direct Investment Risk Analysis on Cuba Background: Cuba is an island in the Caribbean. La Habana is the capital of Cuba and its biggest city. Cuba is not an industrialized country and it mainly consists of farms. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean and the most populated with a population of over 11 million people. Cuba is a totalitarian communist country and has been ruled by Fidel Castro since 1959. Raul Castro has succeeded Fidel Castro and is now president. In 2008 Fidel Castro renounced his presidency after becoming ill and passed his presidency on to Raul Castro, his brother and Vice President. Raul Castro now performs all roles. The country has suffered oppression and the effects of Castro’s dictatorship for over 50 years now. Cuba’s largest profit comes from their tourism and from the export of sugar cane and tobacco. The population is majorly Catholic. Cuban citizens have recently been given the right to purchase, own and pass on property. This totalitarian communism, which maintain control of all information and for purposes of their own benefit and to maintain their desired image publish incorrect numbers to the public and withhold information on a regular basis. Political Indicators 2012 2017 1. Political Stability 6 6 Although there have not been major changes in recent years, Cuba’s government is highly unpredictable. Being that the government...
Words: 2333 - Pages: 10
...8/31/15 SI: Monday 2-2:50 WH118 Tuesday 11-11:50 WH 218 Thursday 11-11:50 WH 111 hallecarrasco@my.unt.edu * Overview of reconstruction * Lincoln’s plan (1863-1865) * Presidential reconstruction (1865-1867) * Congressional reconstruction (1867-1872) * “redemption” (1870-1877) * * know general phases * congressional reconstruction (or radical reconstruction) * radical republicans in congress * thaddeus stevens – from Pennsylvania - Charles sumner * Had similar reasons * Stevens in sympathetic to those that are oppressed ; steps up and opposes lincoln’s plan; doesn’t think the oppressed have been helped enough through concrete measures. Big supporter of freedman’s. * Sumner was beaten by canes in the senate chamber – personal animosity toward slavery and democracy in the south * almost like restarting over; a do-over * idealism and political motive * wanted to create a republican party in the south * Wanted to * Punish southerners * Protect freedmen * Strengthen republican party * 14th amendment * granting citizenship to African americans; can vote and hold office * outlawed black codes * righting wrongs that had popped up * some African americans were actually elected to senate; although this doesn’t last * 15th amendment ...
Words: 4829 - Pages: 20
...On August13, 1926, in south-east Cuba, a successful sugar planter and his wife welcomed a son into the world. They named him Fidel Castro. After studying law at the University of Havana, Castro intended to run in the elections of 1952. Instead, the government was overthrown. Fidel and his brother Raul became insurgents and tried to uproot the new government, but failed and Castro spent time in prison. After a few years of exile, Castro snuck back into Cuba and with the help of another rebel, overtook the government and set himself up as Cuba’s prime minister. This is a position he held for around 50 years before advancement in years and a declining health caused him to step down and his brother Raul to take his place. With Fidel Castro’s health diminishing and his reign in Cuba at an end, Cuba could move to a more capitalistic economy. Fidel Castro’s health has been in decline for many years now. His brother has been prime minister since 2006, taking the place of his aging, ailing brother. Since that time, Fidel has stepped down from all official positions he held. This includes the leadership of the Communist Party which he founded back in 1965, not long after his ascent to the role of Cuba’s prime minister. Recently Fidel has been seen more in public in support of his brother’s leadership. In a spring 2011 session of Cuban congress, Fidel appeared to support the recent important economic changes that Raul is implementing in Cuba. “This was the first time that...
Words: 2053 - Pages: 9
...Principle of Distributive Justice Considered as one type of justice, distributive justice is a central concept in the Catholic tradition and is closely linked to the concepts of human dignity, the common good, and human rights. Considered as an ethical principle, distributive justice refers to what society or a larger group owes its individual members in proportion to: 1) the individual’s needs, contribution and responsibility; 2) the resources available to the society or organization (market considerations would be included under this, as well as other financial considerations); and 3) the society’s or organization’s responsibility to the common good. In the context of health care, distributive justice requires that everyone receive equitable access to the basic health care necessary for living a fully human life insofar as there is a basic human right to health care. The principle of distributive justice implies that society has a duty to the individual in serious need and that all individuals have duties to others in serious need. In decisions regarding the allocation of resources, such as rationing decisions, the duty of society is not diminished because of the person’s status or nature of illness. Everyone is entitled to equal access to basic care necessary for living in a human way. Triage must presume an essential equality of persons. In other words, allocation decisions should not be based upon judgments of the quality of persons. Benefits and burdens should also be...
Words: 1343 - Pages: 6
...Immigration Reasons for Immigration 1. To increase the supply of labour due to the exodus of ex-slaves 2. To continue to cultivate sugar cane and increase production through the expansion of the sugar industry. 3. To increase the white population in order to reduce the overwhelming imbalance in the ratio between the whites and the ex-slave population. 4. To keep down wages by increasing the labour force so that there would be more workers than work and so there would be competition for work. With wages reduced, planters would be better able to compete with foreign cane and beet sugar. 5. To restore their control over labour by getting a cheap, submissive, reliable and full-time work force. 6. To alter the balance between land and population 7. It was essential for the “moral improvement” of the ex-slaves. The Europeans They were the first indentures labourers. Europeans were sought due to the declining white population and apprehension about the effects of freedom on labour supply. Planters felt that Europeans would make industrious workers and be an example to the ex-slaves. There were two objectives of European immigration in Jamaica. * 1. Many whites would occupy the cooler hills and mountain areas as settlers and agricultural workers. * 2. Ex-slaves would be denied access to the interior so they would be forced to labour on the lowland estates. * E.g. of towns. Seaford Town, Middlesex, Barrettville, New England, Mulgrove...
Words: 2900 - Pages: 12
...Still, we stay contained to our own country and solidified the Monroe Doctrine, which said the US would stay removed from European affairs if they stayed out of the New World (Kaufman 38). However, when there was no more land to claim, we turned our attention to Cuba and the Philippines, Spain’s footholds in the Atlantic and North Pacific. Unlike Spain, we were doing a favor for these helpless, indigenous people. We used the justification of saving people from the treachery of colonization as a mask for our own desire to get power overseas and neutralize Spain. The Spanish-American War is the defining example of why America cannot remain true to its founding ideals and still have an empire. American imperialism was not more moral than the actions of other European colonial powers, as our desire to grow militarily and economically was masked by altruistic motives that turned out to be thinly veiled racism. In this paper, I will argue that America cannot have an empire because the main goal is to serve...
Words: 1710 - Pages: 7
...a power struggle for land or the development of society, if there is one thing humans are consistent in is that we do not play nice. However, for people to judge each other on a superficial and meaningless factor such as color is truly bewildering, considering all the many things that makes us different. Because of this type of judgmental mentality, superiority complexes were soon followed, putting specific groups at the top of the food chain. Sadly, those of African descendance would bare the burden of being slaves, in every meaning of the words, to a vast majority of the world due the ignorance of the human race. The movie, The Last Supper, by Tomas Gutierrez Alea depicts the interaction and relationships of the denizens of a sugar plantation in Cuba during the eighteen hundreds. All from the Count to the overseer and slaves had ways of interacting with one another, which was mostly decided on their race and social status. The movie deals with various topics that defined that era in time and there are many reoccurring themes in the movie that can be seen in other periods of time and places. In this paper, many aspects of black culture will be discussed and how they relate compare and contrast to that of whites in the particular time frame in which the movie takes place, as well as discussing modern life implications that certain customs or believes back then have on our culture. The movie from the start makes it clear that it will heavily deal with religion. The beginning...
Words: 5976 - Pages: 24
...G.SAI KIRAN 1226113115 NON ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE INDUSTIRY: SOFT DRINKS SUMMERY: Non-alcoholic beverages sector, which is currently being looked at as a non-corporate small- and medium-scale dominated segment, needs extensive reforms in order to develop as a complete corporate sector. In 1993, the consumption of aerated beverages in India was a meager three servings, per person, per annum. Cut to 2013, industry estimates cite that Indians have a per capita consumption of 14 servings. While that’s small when you compare the global average of 94 servings, India, because of the sheer weight of its population, is a huge force to reckon with for the world’s leading food and beverage corporations. Currently the influx of FDI in overall food processing sector is 1.8% of the total FDI ($147.08 billion) India got between 2001 and 2011. Out of this, the non- alcoholic beverage sector got approximately $19.44 million under automatic route while its contribution to India’s GDP was around $1.6 billion. Companies under the Indian beverages sector have operations in more than one state and the difference in taxation and other factors create barrier for the sector. Issues like implementation of GST (Goods and Services Tax) would certainly help the entire F&B industry. Inflation has got entrenched and monetary policy does not have any or has very little impact on food prices and fuel prices, food grain prices were moving upwards faster than other food items. The increase in the general...
Words: 2298 - Pages: 10
...of The Crisis. Kennedy's choice to take action by means of quarantine instead of air-strike and Khrushchev's decision to abide by the quarantines were perhaps the two most significant decisions made by the leaders in order to prevent war. The Cuban Missile Crisis showed the world that compromising and discussion can in-fact prevent war. As Khrushchev said in 1962, "They talk about who won and who lost. Human reason won. Mankind won." 1 The world had almost seen another world war, the effects of which would have been devastating because of the weapons involved. Humanity, indeed, was the prevention of the war. The Cuban Revolution was a background cause to the crisis. On January 1st, 1959 a Marxist regime in Cuba would have seemed unlikely. To the communist party in Cuba, Fidel Castro appeared tempestuous, irresponsible and stubbornly bourgeois. In 1943 President Batista appointed a communist to his Cabinet, as he used communists as leaders of the labor unions. Batista started to fail the Cuban communists and their loyalties transferred gradually to Castro, completely by 1958. On December 1st, 1961 Castro declared himself a Marxist and claimed he had always been a revolutionary, studying Das Kapital of Karl Marx. Most Cubans idolized Castro, supported his government and at least accepted his measures.2 He claimed to have a desire to help the poor and said he would have found it impossible to follow the...
Words: 5946 - Pages: 24
...researched. I am expected to cover the basics of the illness. I have decided to do my assignment on (ADHD) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, I have chosen this disorder as I have not got much knowledge or proper understanding of it and would like to educate myself more and file it in my brain with all the other illnesses/disorders I do know about. ADHD is a well known disorder yet there seems to be a lot of confusion on the topic also. Within the assignment I plan to research the topic to the best of my ability through media, books, magazine, internet and organisations where it is possible. I will cover the causes, symptoms, treatments, look into help groups and centres, my aim is to get a clearer understanding of how the disorder comes about basically live the life of an ADHD patient and see how life is through their eyes. I will finish my assignment with my own thoughts and evaluation on the knowledge I have gained and finally I will list the information sources I have used. What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? “ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is...
Words: 3690 - Pages: 15
...customs. All of these cultures have played a role in forming the multi-national cuisine of the Caribbean (Heyhoe, 2013). Before Columbus came to the “West Indies” in 1493, the Caribbean islands were the home of two Native American Tribes: the Arawaks and the Caribs. Both tribes have contributed to many of aspects of Caribbean cuisine. For example, the according to food historians, the Caribs began spicing food with chili peppers and the Arawaks are credited with barbecuing techniques. The Native Americans also grew corn and yams and harvested guavas, and, among many other tropical fruits which grow in the wild (Heyhoe, 2013). When Columbus arrived and the Spaniards began to settle the land, the Native Americans were introduced to sugar cane, which became a major source of profit for the islands. The Spaniards also introduced other foods such as coconut, chick-peas, cilantro, eggplant, onion and garlic. Other European colonists who settled in the Caribbean introduced other foods such as oranges, limes, mangoes, rice and coffee (Heyhoe, 2013). Because of the rich soil and ideal climate conditions, many of these food staples grew readily and became incorporated into what is now Caribbean food. During the African slave trade in the early 1600s, West African crops came to the Caribbean Islands in the form of okra, plantains, and ackee. Following the abolishment of the slave trade, laborers from India and...
Words: 1612 - Pages: 7
...island nation in the West Indies. The capital of Jamaica is Kingston. It lies about 480 miles south of Florida and is the third largest island in the Caribbean Sea. The only two island that are larger that is Cuba and Hispaniola. (The World Book Encyclopedia vol 11) Jamaica was inhabited by the Arawak Indians, who were the first people to live in Jamaica named the island Xaymaca, which means land of wood and water. They based their communites on fishing, hunting, and small scale cultivation of cassava. Due to the appearance of the Spanish the Arawak Indians disappeared in 70-80 years. The disruption of the economic system, new diseases, and migration decimated the population. When the Spanish took over the island they were disappointed with the absence of gold on the island the Spanish used Jamaica as a base for supporting the conquest of the Americas, with its treasures of gold and silver. (www.jamaicans.com) In 1655, Jamaica was captured by the British expedition led by Admirals Penn and Venables and they gain possession in 1670. It was very little the Spanish did to defend it from the British because of lack of gold and silver. They fight African slaves which they called Maroons. The British and Maroons signed a peace treaty in 1738. Sugar became the major crop, and the island ranked as it’s most important slave market in the Western Hemisphere. In the late 1830’s, the British Parliament freed the slaves. (www.jamaicans.com) In 1865, disputes...
Words: 1917 - Pages: 8
