...Marriages in 20th Century Cuba Katie Wang UCLA Professor Wright-Dixon I. Introduction Coalitions through marriage is a long understood concept. Kingdom alliances through marriages are ones that first come to mind. Often fictional portrayals of real pressures for pressures to gain resources or military alliance for a capital or imperial need involve young princes and princesses who are forced to marry. However, in a nonfictional example for this paper, Chinese indentured laborers or former indentured laborers and African slaves or former slaves married in 19th century Cuba both romantically and strategically. I argue that there needs to be further research around Afro-Chinese marriages in Cuba and a recentering on women. I had originally planned to center this paper around African slave women who married Chinese men in Cuba in the 19th century but was not able to because of the lack of literature available. However, I aim to focus on a reading against the grain for indications of women’s agency and voice in this set of literature. My personal stakes in this topic are two-fold. First, my mother’s side of my family lived in Cuba for a few decades from the late 1920s to 1960 as a part of an entrepreneurial endeavor and as refuge from persecution from the Communist Party of China. Because of my personal tie to Chinese in Cuba, I seek to uncover untold stories and hidden transcripts. Second, this paper is a part of a larger project on Chinese in Cuba in the 20th century, specifically...
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...Eron Jenkins History of News Media Jeff Johnson November 28, 2011 Spanish-Language Newspapers in Ybor City and New Mexico In 1898, the Cuban War for Independence ended. 12 years later, the Mexican Revolution against the autocratic president Porfirio Díaz began. Not surprisingly, the ramifications of these two events were not limited to Cuba and Mexico. Thousands of Spanish speaking people came to the United States in search work and asylum. In Tampa, Florida, in a neighborhood called Ybor City, cigar manufacturers offered work to immigrants from Cuba and Spain. Conversely, in New Mexico, Spanish speaking people had lived in the region north of the Rio Grande for hundreds of years. However, growth and stability in the region offered new opportunities to Americans from the east and Mexican immigrants from the south. The goal of this paper will be to examine the development and content of Spanish language newspapers in these two areas from 1900-1910 by looking at two newspapers: El Diario de Tampa of Ybor City and La Estrella of La Cruces, New Mexico. To understand any aspect of any culture one must note the historical context in which the event occurs. In this case, the goal is to study the history of the news media, specifically newspapers, in Ybor City and New Mexico. Because of the corresponding migration and revolutionary atmosphere, the context of the development of the newspapers in these two places is similar. However, they diverge in terms of their...
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...------------------------------------------------- Week Two: Individual Reflection Paper Allscripts EHRs in Cuba Around the world, electronic health records (EHRs) are being implemented to improve patient care, reduce health care expenses, and fundamentally change the way in which healthcare providers practice medicine. Now that Washington has begun to dismantle its trade embargo with Cuba, new opportunities arise for Allscripts Healthcare Solutions (Allscripts) to sell their products and solutions. Allscripts is health information technology (HIT) company providing physician practices, hospitals, and other healthcare providers with electronic health record and practice management technology, including electronic prescribing, care management and revenue cycle management software. An electronic health record is a digital version of a patient’s paper chart. It contains a patient’s medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunization dates, allergies, radiology images, and laboratory and test results, and more. One of the key features of an EHR is the ability to share health information across multiple health care organizations. Another key feature of an EHR is the ability to improve patient care, care coordination, practice efficiencies, and patient outcomes—most important, costs savings. So, what makes Cuba an ideal overseas market for EHR companies? Cuba is Interested In EHRs Cuba started building a national strategy for a universal health system using information...
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...Final Research Paper: Tainos, The indigenous people Before the discovery of the new world, it has been known of the various indigenous people that once inhabited our lands. The more popular natives such as the Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs have been widely sought out in today’s age, unlike other lesser-known tribes such as the Tainos. Today many tribes have vastly decreased in number and size, but there are those who still practice and familiarize themselves with their heritage. I myself can relate to this small percentage of people, due to the fact I am descendent of the Tainos from Cuba. Hence, I decided to make my research paper based on the history of my heritage: The Tainos. The word Taino derived from the meaning “men of the good.” Based on historical facts, the Tainos were indeed good people. These indigenous people established a culture where the human temperament was kind. Among the Taino at the time of contact, generosity and kindness were governing values in society as well as directed towards an ecological interaction with the natural surroundings. It suggested a lifestyle that tried to feed its entire people, and a spirituality that was valued, through ceremonies. The Taino lived humbly in an abundant place and so their environment was abundant. The Tainos & Ciboneys were related to the cultural Arawak group, who was one of the main indigenous people of South America and the Caribbean. They spoke Taino, which was considered Arawak language...
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...June 4, 2013 My initial paper was on President John F. Kennedy’s ‘Flexible Response’ doctrine. This doctrine was initiated as a means to having alternative methods of dealing with a crisis that could lead to war. The premise then was to prevent war in any form from occurring. But Flexible Response also meant that if provoked or attacked that the United States would indeed defend itself. When Flexible Response was indoctrinated, the U.S. had already had a shaky relationship with Cuba, with which whom the doctrine was set against. The President had allowed a group of armed militias to enter Cuba to overthrow the government, they were unsuccessful. Cuba Cuba is the largest of the islands located in the West Indies. It is 42,803 square miles and just ninety miles from the coastline of the Florida Keys. A person leaving the tip of Florida could travel there in roughly one hour. Prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis the United States had a vested interest in the country, its economics and its politics. Cuba had traded sugar, tobacco and even tourism with the U.S. and many American people had land, homes and businesses there. In fact the relationship likened to that of a parent/child, the U.S. was considering annexing Cuba, with the country being only 90 miles off the coast of Florida, why not? We were assisting them financially, militarily and to some degree politically. I lieu of all of this information it only seemed feasible that we would want to have Cuba as a border state to the...
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...historians evidently shows that its role was to unite the blacks and the whites by creating a common culture as well addressing the political issues during this period of warfare. This paper addresses Bob Dylan’s song of 1962 bringing out its role on addressing political and social injustices of the 1960’s. In a New York café was first heard was Bob Dylan’s song, “A Hard Rain’s A-Gonna Fall’ in 1962. At this time, there was a lot of anxiety in America following the events of the Cold War. A Cuba- Soviet Union alliance was getting cozy making the Pentagon and state department analysts nervous. At this summer period, there were reports that Russia had increased their military aide in Cuba. During the same time, Rob Dylan released a dozen of songs all which were politically influenced aiming at addressing the issues transpiring during this era. Historians and journalists have always treated Dylan as a quintessential protest singer. Historians and journalists have always treated Dylan’s songs as an emblematic of the postwar era. His songs were mostly politically oriented, and the urgency of the civil rights and antiwar movements the imagery reflected the changing mood of the post-war baby boom generation. Dylan’s 1962 hit song “A Hard Rain’s A-Gonna Fall’ which was influenced by the gathering storm clouds in Cuba. The song became a classic protest song filled with forebodings of war and social...
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...opinion on why the U.S. should not lift the embargo on Cuba. Many critics have expressed their opinion as to why, the embargo should be lifted. This paper will explain why united States order a trade embargo against Cuba? What are the results for both countries? [What was the effect of the embargo on the citizens of Cuba and what was the result of the embargo on the US?], and what did the Cuban Government do to retaliate against the Trade Embargo? Finally, look at the strategic results and necessity for trade embargo in a globally interconnected economy. When the United States defeated Spain in the Spanish American war of 1898, Cuba along with Puerto Rico and Guam were signed over to the United States by Spain. The United States had the right to involve in the affairs of Cuba at any time. When Castro overthrew the existing government, run by President Batista, the United States supported this action by imposing arms embargo against the Batista government in 1958. Then in or about 1960, Castro not only seized private lands and companies of Cuban citizens, but also subsidiaries of the United States of America. This is when the Eisenhower administration imposed trade restriction with the exception of food and medical supplies. Not only was Castro started trading with the Soviet Union; but the Soviet Union also building missile bases in Cuba; the United States severed all ties and imposed a permanent embargo on Cuba at the direction of President Kennedy on February 7th...
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...John Van Buskirk History 131 Professor Ehrlich October 10th, 2015 Lázaro Cárdenas, Juan Perón, Jorge Gaitán and Fidel Castro are four people that are famous for what they did for their people. The main agenda of each person is what shaped that person’s future. Also every person strived to help the poor people of their country or town. Even though it did not always work in the long run. Each person had their own unique way to do this. Lázaro Cárdenas’ main agenda as president was to fix the Mexican economy. With fixing the economy he wanted to give back to the poor people of Mexico. Cárdenas did this mainly by getting rid of all the haciendas. They way haciendas had workers is by giving the workers loans and making them work to pay them back. With the end of the Haciendas was the end of the imprisonment by loan. Every time he stopped a hacienda he distributed the land to the people who worked them. On paper this idea looked great but in actuality it was not. Cárdenas distributed 18,352,275 hectares among 1,020,594 peasants. He shut down perfect and terrible haciendas regardless of the status. According to the Biography of Power, a witness stated “no one really knew which way to go ... they expected us to know everything overnight”. Each worker on the haciendas only knew one job, their job. This lead to catastrophe and a drop in agricultural productivity. The major problem people had with Cárdenas was that he took away a working system instead of fixing it. But in the end...
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...Everyone has struggled with the question of what really caused the explosion of the U. S. S. Maine in Havana, Cuba. A mysteriously sank of the ship. Who was to blame? Spain controlled Cuba at the time. So, was it Cuba, Spain, or was it a malfunction in the ship that caused the explosion? These led to newspaper publishers such as William Randolph Hearst´s New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World two editor´s who developed a passion for journalism and wrote ¨ Shameful treachery¨: Hearst´s Journal Blames Spain and ¨Suspended Judgment¨: A Times editorial on the Maine Tragedy based on truth but written with incendiary language causing polemic among readers. Hearst´s saw the possibility of war with Spain as a big story that would attract American readers and would eventually sell more papers. He described the situation in Cuba as a place that needed to be release from anarchy. But it was the sinking of the Maine that leads us into war with Spain. Hearst printed out stories that the U.S.S. Maine was blown up by Spanish torpedo, which was laid in the harbor, as to not interfere with Cuba revolting against them, it painted Spain as the bad guy, and responsible for the death of 260 American Soldiers. He points out the importance of an immediately act of war versus Spain to Liberate Cuba from the oppression of Spaniards and for the destruction of the U.S. Maine in Havana. To achieve this goal, Hearst stories were base on true statements...
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...Europe and Canada already. In order to broaden their outreach, America started too looked to Asia and Latin American markets to boost their export trading. [2] To do this, America starting looking at places such as Hawaii, Guam and the Philippines as places of interest to set up trade outpost. The problem with this is that most of these areas were controlled by Spain. These places would play a key role in the outcome of Spanish-American War. At the beginning Europe’s expansion to the Americas, Spain play a significant role in colonizing much of the new land. However, by 1825 much of what used to be Spain controlled land fell to the hands of other nations. The only remaining presence that Spain had in the Western Hemisphere was control of Cuba and Puerto Rico and in the Pacific region the Philippine islands, Guam and a few other small islands. In order keep their presence in the Western Hemisphere Spain had to deal with an indigenous population of...
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...Abstract The purpose of this paper is to reflect on a multicultural experience. This assignment is to focus on a culture that’s different from my own. It will provide a brief background/history, when and where the event took place, the setting, other observations and my overall reflection. The paper will conclude with how this experience affects my view of diversity in K-20 education. Multicultural Immersion Experience Salsa dancing is an internationally known dance style which originated in Cuba. When African drum rhythms came to the new world through slave trade, the blend of drum rhythms mixed with official Cuban music emerged a variety of sounds and dance moves. A style known as the Cuban son gained a lot of popularity and played a central part of Afro-Cuban music. Radio Broadcasting came to Cuba in 1922 along with Americans seeking to escape prohibition laws. This exposed a large population of westerners to Cuban son and for the first time, Afro-Caribbean music became popular in America. Renamed the Rumba, the music and dancing begin to appear in American salons in the 1930s and is still a popular style today among ballroom dancers. The Rumba in many ways looks like a slower version of salsa. It's got some of the footwork elements, the Cuban hip motion, and arm styling (Articlesbase, 2009). In short, Africans were brought over to Cuba as a result of the slave trade. Their music blended with that of the Cubans and a union between the clave and African drums was...
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...Final Paper Manuel Salas ECN221-1 02/19/2015 Robert Jackson Final Paper Trading has been around since ancient times; in fact, trading was the monetary system for a long time until money came around in modern times. I would guess it’s safe to say that trading nowadays is not a lot different than what it used to be. It’s just another form of money that is used to trade goods and pay less for a product we need in exchange for something we produce in excess. Now, when we discuss who the U.S. trades with and who it does not trade with, we can go on for hours. We would think that trading with the US is a no brainer, but that’s false. The US does not do business with certain countries due to political differences and then some. Currently, the USA trades with 20 countries. These countries have an agreement with the USA called “trade agreements”. These agreements are not the same in every country, as they vary based on the region and investment interests. “Although the names of Framework Agreements may vary, e.g., the Trade, Investment, and Development Agreement (TIDCA) with the South African Customs Union, or the United States-Icelandic Forum, these agreements all serve as a forum for the United States and other governments to meet and discuss issues of mutual interest with the objective of improving cooperation and enhancing opportunities for trade and investment” (Office of the United States Trade Representative., 2015). Since every country has different trade policies...
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...Cuba Cuba, officially named "Republic of Cuba", is the largest island in the Caribbean. The capital of Cuba is Havana, and its population is 10.8 million. The main language used by most cubans is spanish and the currency used there is a Cuban Peso, which is equal to one U.S. Dollar. Cuba is a communist state and its president, since December 1976, is Fidel Castro Ruz. The main objective of this paper is to talk about the economic and political side of Cuba during the reign of Fidel Castro. Fidel Castro was born on August 13, 1926 in Oriente. The schools that he attended were Catholic and located in Havana. He entered the University of Havana in 1945 and graduated with a law degree in 1950. In 1948 he married Mirta Diaz Balart but they were soon divorced in 1954. His son Fidel Castro Diaz Balart became the head of Cuba's atomic energy commision. Castro was a very good vocalist and he brought himself national prominence by leading an attack on Moncada army barracks. Due to this attack he was sentenced to 15 years in prison, which only lasted for 2 years. After being in exhile in Mexico, Castro returned with 81 others, including Che Guevera, to Cuba and launched a successful guerrilla war. Castro became a strong leader and many other countries begun to fear him. In Cuba the state is the head of the economy and controls almost all trade between foreign countries. Many reforms have been undertaken by the government so that the labor incentives would...
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...brought the world closer than it had ever been to nuclear war. This makes the crisis one of the most essential events in international affairs history, demonstrating a great example of the realist perspectives and other important aspects of international relations. Primarily, the origins of the Cuban Missile Crisis can be readily attributed to the realist perspective. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy launched the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba, which was a thwarted attempt by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with assistance from United States armed forces, to oust the corrupt government of Fidel Castro. This failed operation had sent the US back into a defensive position. In former President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s remarks to Kennedy he stated, “The failure of the Bay of Pigs will embolden the Soviets to do something that they would otherwise not do (Absher, 10).” However, not only was the US more alert; so was Cuba. Cuba had evidence that the US would try to invade once more. Thus, Castro and the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev conceived the plan to strategically place nuclear missiles in Cuba to protect themselves from the US. The realist perspective, among other things, involves the pursuit of power and, more importantly, a balance of power. The Soviet Union felt that a successful American invasion of Cuba would be extremely detrimental to the global communist movement. From the Soviet perspective this would negatively shift the balance of power...
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... and their gender. Gender inequality has been a human rights issue throughout history. Women generally face inequality in most areas of life when compared to men. Women are not treated as equals even when they are as equally skilled and qualified as men as showed in the wages they receive for working the same jobs. The gender inequality women face is reflected by the role women play in their respective government. Countries that have a high rate of women participating in government tend to have greater rights for women. According to the Inter Parliamentary Union (2013), as of the 1st of February 2013 the countries of Rwanda, Andorra, and Cuba have the highest percentage of women in national parliament with 56.3%, 50.0%, and 45.2% respectively. Rwanda Women's role in government reflects the gender equality they face in their country. Countries that have a high rate of women participating in government tend to have equal human rights for both male and females. Countries such as Rwanda, Cuba, and Finlan all have high rates of women involvement in government. They also all have great equal rights laws in place and generally treat women as equals in every way. The opposite is true for the countries that employ few women in government such as Nigeria, Egypt, and Kuwait. Although they may have some laws giving them rights they are generally not treated equal and face heavy discrimination. This paper shows that one of the main causes of gender inequality in a country is the fact...
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