...sustainable development which, we know, form the only possible way forward for life on planet Earth. Today, that goal is still a long way off. A global crisis faces humanity at the dawn of the 21st century, marked by increasing poverty in our asymmetrical world, environmental degradation and short-sightedness in policy-making. Culture is a crucial key to solving this crisis. Source: Preface, World Culture Report, UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 1999. Our cultural values, which often include particular religious beliefs, shape our way of living and acting in the world. Module 11 on Indigenous Knowledge and Sustainability explores the importance of indigenous values and spirituality in providing guidance for sustainable living. Such principles and values encourage a spirit of harmony between people, their natural environments and their spiritual identities. The principles for living sustainably that flow from these and other cultural and religious beliefs vary between groups and countries. They have also changed over time as circumstances demand. Despite this diversity, many principles for living sustainably are shared, not only among indigenous peoples, but also between different religious traditions. This module explores the role of culture and religion in providing guidance on ways of living sustainably. It also provides activities which analyse the place of these themes in the school curriculum. Objectives * To develop an understanding of the relationship between culture, religion...
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...commonly diverse choices. So today you can buy sushi in either France or Germany. This makes France and Germany more alike, yet in my view this is closer to being an increase in diversity than a decline in diversity. If we think of societies that have very well developed markets—for example the United States—what we find happening is not that everyone, for instance, buys or listens to the same kind of music. As markets have allowed suppliers to deliver products to consumers, we’ve seen a blossoming of different genres of music. In the 20th century the United States evolved rock and roll, rhythm and blues, Motown, Cajun music, many different kinds of jazz—ragtime, swing, stomp—heavy metal, rap. The list goes on. When I look at the empirical evidence from societies with well-developed market economies, I find that what people want to buy is not fixed or biologically constructed. When the cost of supplying products goes down, people tend to use culture to differentiate themselves from other people, to pursue niche interests, to pursue hobbies. It’s the poorer or more primitive societies in which people specialize in one type of consumption. If you go to pygmy society in the Congo, for Critics of globalization contend that, even if increased trade promotes material prosperity, it comes with a high spiritual and cultural cost, running roughshod over the world’s distinctive cultures and threatening to turn the globe into one big, tawdry strip mall. George Mason University economist and Cato...
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...commonly diverse choices. So today you can buy sushi in either France or Germany. This makes France and Germany more alike, yet in my view this is closer to being an increase in diversity than a decline in diversity. If we think of societies that have very well developed markets—for example the United States—what we find happening is not that everyone, for instance, buys or listens to the same kind of music. As markets have allowed suppliers to deliver products to consumers, we’ve seen a blossoming of different genres of music. In the 20th century the United States evolved rock and roll, rhythm and blues, Motown, Cajun music, many different kinds of jazz—ragtime, swing, stomp—heavy metal, rap. The list goes on. When I look at the empirical evidence from societies with well-developed market economies, I find that what people want to buy is not fixed or biologically constructed. When the cost of supplying products goes down, people tend to use culture to differentiate themselves from other people, to pursue niche interests, to pursue hobbies. It’s the poorer or more primitive societies in which people specialize in one type of consumption. If you go to pygmy society in the Congo, for Critics of globalization contend that, even if increased trade promotes material prosperity, it comes with a high spiritual and cultural cost, running roughshod over the world’s distinctive cultures and threatening to turn the globe into one big, tawdry strip mall. George Mason University economist and Cato...
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...kind of interior. urban space consumerism department store. Everything is about the show. fasade- architectural building part Industrialization nationalism provide claim Czech Slovakia Finland Nationalism was big theme for Paris Universelle De Paris 1889 Ethnic idea accentual of Frenchness. Americanness The darker side of nationalism in the racism Colonial Empire (Phillippines) ideal of progress civilization get better and better civilized uncivilized Louisiana Purchase 1904 idea of amusement zone in fair control by the same corporation social practice etc. People want to be not just educated but also make it fun Midway was kind of confused area. Music Hall, Saloon, real urban place high aspiration low quality Louisiana 1889 PARIS 3 out 4 Chicago world fAIR WORLD COLUMBIAN EXHIBITION 1889 Saint Louis world fair in 1889 nationalism how did it start. PHILLIPINE RESERVATION World Fair Chicago Columbian Exposition...
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...revenue growth 22% per annum Operating margin growth from 58.8% to 67.9% RevPAR 32% higher than US Com ang 27% higher than European players Management structure and team Structure:- General manager is overall responsible for single property, variable portion 30% of base salary Profit 50% weightage Service quality:- 25 % wt People measures: - 25 % wt Regional management is Key component Italian in Italy, French in France No bragging, no excuse NO excuse tolerance, customer services prevalent at all levels Strong Allegiance to the firm:- Family culture, firm’s interest at the top Four season approach to international growth:- Diversity and Singularity:- With essence of local culture standardize operating procedure across the globe. Tailor made interiors to give local flavor with standardize operation of global standards Cultural cameleon Implementing local learnings globally Globally Uniform standards:- Global “service culture standards” (exhibit 4) 270 core operating standards (exhibit 5) applicable world wide Exception permitted if they make local sense (exception of leaving coffee pot at france) Minimum expectation Performance evaluation through External and Internal Audit Delivering intelligent, anticipator and enthusiastic services world wide Just for you Intelligent service If employees are empathetic, anticipate guest needs to reduce distance between employee and guest Human resource and golden rule One should treats others as one would wish...
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...maker based in Paris and Lucent Technologies, a U.S. telecommunications giant, took place in 2001. • The original deal collapse on May 29, 2001, after the two companies could not agree on how much control Alcatel would have. Lucent's executives wanted the deal as a "merger of equals" rather than a takeover by Alcatel. • In 2006, renewed negotiations took place again and in April 2006, Alcatel's chief executive, Serge Tchuruk agreed to pay 10.6 billion euro ($13.5 billion then) for Lucent. This deal was to create the world's biggest telephone equipment maker. • An Alcatel-Lucent merger provided the combined company a strong position in several categories of equipment sold to the major telecommunications carrier: wireless telecommunications equipment, wireline equipment, wireless infrastructure, Internet routers and equipment for carrying calls over the Internet, etc. • After the merger during July 2008, corporate culture of Alcatel and Lucent clashed. The U.S. Company could not adopt Alcatel's French business model and vice versa leading to the resignation of Alcatel-Lucent CEO Patricia Russo and later Serge Tchuruk's resignation. • Mr. Tchuruk and Ms. Russo both struggled to bring together the vastly different cultures of the two companies especially during tough business climates. • In September 2008 the new chiefs were announced, a French Chairman who lives in the U.S. and a Dutch chief executive, who will be based in Paris. Both Phillippe...
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...Walt and Roy Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, Taking on its current name Disney in 1986. Chapter 1: Case – Disney Theme Park Contents I. Case Background 1 II. Statement of the Problem 3 III. Alternatives 3 IV. Recommended Solution 3 V. Answers to the case questions 4 Question No. 1: 4 Question No. 2: 4 Question No. 3: 5 Question No. 4: 5 VI. Leanings 5 I. Case Background The Walt Disney Company is the world’s largest amusement park operator. It was founded on October 16, 1923, by Walt and Roy Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, Taking on its current name Disney in 1986. And Disney has 5 theme parks outside the USA; there are Tokyo Disneyland (1983), Tokyo DisneySea (2001), Disneyland Paris (1992), Hong Kong Disneyland (2005) and Walt Disney Studios (2002). Disney is motivated to set up parks throughout the world to expand its sales of merchandise goods as well as attendance to their theme parks. After lunched Hong Kong Disneyland in 2005, Disney has signed a letter of intent to build another park in Shanghai China in 2008; The Park will attract different potential visitors in Shanghai. Overview Disney Theme Park - Points of Interest (Michael Sandberg's Data Visualization Blog) Getting people excited about their data one visual at a time * Walt Disney had infinite confidence in his new park and unapologetically included future attractions and “lands” as if they were just around the corner. Examples of attractions...
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...Europeans as a transition from their school life to their “adulthood in which the young man might be expected to set an example of responsibility.” Italy and France were the most frequented places by these tourists due to their cultural richness, with particular interest in Paris. As the custom of travel developed, nature also became an important factor of the Grand Tour, as the Alps became an attractive destination for the travelers. The tour was more than a “passing fashion” because of its role as fundamental cultural training for cultivated Europeans. The majority of those who had traveled to Italy in previous centuries had generally gone for work related or religious reasons. However, this travel was compatible with leisure, because “it fulfilled important cultural functions as travelers bought works of art or helped spread new tastes and cultural interests”. Although the religious and political tensions caused by Protestant Reformation affected the ability to travel, by the seventeenth century, traveling had become a leisure activity based in personal fulfillment. Because of the educational and enjoyment factors of France and Italy, they soon became the most popular destinations. The most distinctive itinerary began in northern France, followed by Paris, the capital, and continued into Italy through the Alps. This itinerary ending in the Alps gave way to the organization of “day trips out...
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...animations where the company succeeded with the most familiar to be “Mickey Mouse”, making Disney to develop its success worldwide by building theme parks in different countries. In 1992, the “Disney company” expanded by opening a new theme park in Paris known as “Euro Disneyland”. By the time, Disney announced the new project they were planning to make, there were many critics and arguments arising according the Disney’s approach at Euro Disneyland. However, the question remains whether there are any strengths and weaknesses of Disney’s approach at Euro Disneyland and what steps should be taken next to ensure success in the operations. The Disney’s approach at Euro Disneyland was mainly criticised for its influence on French culture and this can be analysed through theories and concepts displaying the “for” and “against” arguments of different topics affecting it. The topic that had the most effect on Disney’s approach is Globalisation. Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming more interconnected as a result of increased trade and cultural exchange. Disney was benefited from globalisation’s impact since it is associated with some advantages. Firstly, Euro Disneyland was located in the middle of Europe close to Paris which is a very famous tourism destination and it was also expected to create 28000 jobs helping the French economy to flourish. Disney would also open a MGM studio in Europe which has a strong branding name leading to increased attraction of visitors...
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...Case 1 : Four Seasons in Paris 1. What has made Four Seasons successful over the last 30 years? Several reasons have made Four Seasons (FS) successful: - The guarantee for the guests to receive a high-quality and consistently exceptional personal service is part of FS’s distinguishing edge. One of the most important elements of this success is the ability of employees to provide customers with an intelligent truly personalized service and to anticipate the guests’ needs. - FS has defined worldwide core operating standards. The respect of those standards is the guarantee that, all over the world, in any FS hotel, customers will be offered the highest quality. Furthermore, these standards help to shape relationship between people, and those relationships contribute to building the corporate culture. - Besides the definition of globalized standards, FS emphasizes the importance of cultural diversity. Adaptability to local culture and environment is a key to success. Each hotel is representative of its location and has its own style. When they stay in a FS hotel, guests immediately know in which country they are staying. FS is promoted in a very positive manner: it is a guarantee of quality but the brand does not rigidly define the product. - The regional management structure is a key component of FS’s ability to deliver and maintain the highest and most consistent service. In each FS property, a general manager supervises the day-to-day operations. Every morning the top management...
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...location in the most beautiful city in the world, and a curriculum designed to produce global leaders by focusing on the comparative and the cross-cultural, the international and the interdisciplinary. Over the past decade, the University has made tangible progress toward its founder’s dream to create a community of learning that crosses and indeed effaces cultural boundaries. By mounting rigorous Master’s programs, articulating increasing numbers of academic partnerships, and hosting international conferences that foreground AUP faculty scholarship and that of renowned scholars, practitioners, and artists worldwide, the University is taking its place as a leading academic, intellectual and cultural center in France and in the world. In this unique learning environment—inflected by the remarkable demographic diversity of student, faculty and staff bodies—attention is brought to bear on the role of knowledge production across languages, cultures, and societies in an ever-globalizing world. Founded as a liberal arts institution in the 1960s, today AUP is an urban, independent, international university located at the confluence of France, Europe, and the world. We provide the finest American undergraduate and graduate programs to students from all national, linguistic, and educational backgrounds in the global city that is Paris, drawing together teaching and research in our unique academic environment. Both student learning and faculty research are driven by a desire for excellence...
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... 05/13/2014 Understanding Cross-Cultural Communications It’s no secret that communication across many cultures is something that we deal with in every work place. As business environments expand they include various geographic locations and a wide range of cultures. Because of that it is important to be able to understand how to communicate with individuals who speak another language or who rely on different means to reach a common goal. The internet and modern technology have made it very easy for businesses to expand to these cultures and also allow them to communicate with each other as if they were located in the same town. For those who are native English-speakers, it’s seems that English is the most widely used language when trying to reach the widest range of people. Without getting into cultures and sub-cultures, it is most important for people to realize that a basic understanding of cultural diversity is the key to effective cross-culture communications. Without necessarily studying individual cultures and languages in detail, we must all learn how to better communicate with individuals and groups whose first language, or language of choice, does not match our own. Just a basic knowledge about culture and at least something about the language of communication in different countries is important. Take for instance kissing a business associate is not considered appropriate business practice in the U.S., but in Paris, one peck on each cheek is an acceptable...
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...its first year? The biggest factors that contributed to EuroDisney’s poor performance during its first year of operation were: a poor understanding of the marketplace, the cultural differences between the two countries, and the different approaches to business and life. One major factor was the ethnocentrism, or the viewing of a foreign culture through the lens of your own culture, displayed by American leaders offset by French national insecurities. But, the problems spanned beyond arrogant leadership. Disney assumed people would travel from all over the Europe to visit the park, but really did not cater to the diversity of the guests. Even though the countries are united as the European Union, they are distinct and sovereign culturally. Put simply, EuroDisney was marketed poorly. Disney built, promoted, and communicated EuroDisney as a piece of America in Europe. Cultural differences were neglected. In the case, we see that Fresh culture also has its own cartoon characters such as Asterix, who has a theme park not far from EuroDisney. Furthermore, Disney banned alcohol in a culture that has a deep appreciation for wine. Disney failed to understand French national character, their insecurities over cultural invasion, and their deep commitment to maintaining their identity. Hong Kong Disney faces cultural problems as well, but in a different way. Many Chinese people were not familiar with Disney characters prior to the entrance of Hong Kong Disney. It was hard for Disney to...
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...‘La France est un des pays d’Europe qui offre la plus grande diversité linguistique’. (Dglflf: 2008). Discuss. When speaking about the linguistic diversity of a country we refer to the existence of a variety of languages within that country (Oxford English Dictionary, 2006) .France is made up of both the central “hexagon” and thirteen overseas territories ,departments and collectives ( commonly known as DOM TOM’s). In this essay, I will show that the large geographical scope of France, its multi-cultural population and strong emerging youth-culture make it one of the most linguistically diverse countries in Europe. I will approach the discussion from the outside in, firstly focusing on the languages of the DOM TOM’s, then moving to mainland France and discussing the non-territorial languages. I will then move onto the regional languages of the metropole, their endangered language status and the extent of governments attempt to preserve them. I will focus primarily on the Breton language in this discussion. Finally, I will briefly mention the language of youth and how its deviation from standard French can be viewed as language diversity, all the while commenting on the gradual regression of speakers of minority languages and asking is the idea of France as one of the most linguistically diverse countries in Europe in jeopardy? Despite the numerous living languages In France, the country is officially classed as a monolingual state: French being the only official language...
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...Hall. Tuchman, B. W. (1996).The proud tower: A portrait of the world before the war, 1890-1914. New York, NY: Ballantine Books. Ward, G. C., & Burns, K. (2002). Jazz: A history of America’s music. New York, NY: Knopf. Doubleday Publishing Group. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Explain how key social, cultural, and artistic contributions contribute to historical changes. 2. Explain the importance of situating a society’s cultural and artistic expressions within a historical context. 3. Examine the influences of intellectual, religious, political, and socio-economic forces on social, cultural, and artistic expressions. 4. Identify and describe key artistic styles in the visual arts of world cultures from the Renaissance to the contemporary period. 5. Identify and describe key literary works, styles, and writers of world cultures from the Renaissance to the contemporary period. 6. Identify and describe key musical styles of world cultures from the Renaissance to the contemporary period. 7. Identify major historical developments in world cultures from the Renaissance to the contemporary period. 8. Explore the presence of cultural parallels between the...
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