...CROSS CULTURE COMMUNICATION Sondra Pham University of Memphis Abstract This paper explores cross culture communication by dissecting the term. Cross-cultural communication is a newly studies and researchable topic due to the businesses going global and the interaction between different cultures. In this paper, it will define communication and culture along with helpful tips and strategies to better understand how to communicate between different cultures. This paper examines the do’s and don’ts during cultural interaction in the business world as well as the tools for communicating with different cultures. Cross Culture Communication The importance of effective communication is immeasurable in the world of business and in personal life. Communication and cultures have always existed, but with the global market growing, it has been more common for business to do business with people from different cultures. The way of communicating will not be the same in all countries. Cross- cultural communication is essential in order to have a successful business and relationship with companies around the world. There are many aspects that go into consideration when communicating with people from a different background. Before fully understanding cross culture communication, one must first understand communication. Understanding Communication Communication is our ability to share our ideas and feelings. Whether people live in Hanoi, Vietnam, a city in Brazil, the mountains of North...
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...Managing cross cultural communication Introduction Globalization is a phenomenon that is in vogue nowadays. In this rapidly changing world to succeed it’s imperative for an organization to adopt the phenomenon of globalization. On one hand globalization cultivates scores of benefits for the organization. On the other hand, it also generates various dilemmas for management. One of these dilemmas is of effective communication management. This phenomenon of globalization presents challenges of understanding and managing cross-cultural communications. According to Stephen Roberts: “Culture is the framework in which we communicate” This suggests that various factors give rise to the problem of cross-cultural communication. These factors include: language, environment, technology, social organization, the perception of authority and non-verbal communications. Having the ability to assess these variables is vital in ensuring for managers to convey messages and conduct business across a wide range of cultures. This paper addresses communication within multicultural project teams and the significance of leadership style in managing cross-cultural communications. The aim of this paper is to reveal different ways or skills that managers need to adopt to make the process of communication effective. Furthermore, this paper sheds lights on variegated barriers that may exist in effective communication process in a cross-culture environment. Literature review Zapf...
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...10 Incorporating Cross-cultural Communication in ELT: A Pedagogical Approach ■ Y. Suneetha Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering & Technology, Nandyal G.M. Sundaravalli Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi ABSTRACT: Cross-cultural communication has become ever more significant through the globalization of markets, affairs of nation-states and technologies. Consequently, the cultural quotient (CQ) is becoming increasingly important, especially in the context of the changing dynamics of work culture around the world. This paper makes a case for the need to pay attention to intercultural communication and discusses some specific approaches and strategies in the teaching of intercultural communication in the classroom. These approaches include addressing issues like learning to honour one’s own culture and sharing it with others while developing a capacity to be open to other cultures. Other strategies include progressing from an ethnocentric to an ethno-relative state of understanding and acceptance of cultural differences and increasing one’s ability to communicate with non-native speakers. Specifically, classroom practices and strategies suggested include intercultural explorations, use of texts, films, short stories and other multi-media resources, contrastive case studies of cultures, group encounters and role plays. Introduction Sir Francis Bacon said that if a man was gracious and courteous to strangers, it showed that he was a citizen of the world, and...
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...Summary on Cross Cultural Communication June, 13, 2016 at 8:50 am Cross-cultural communication has become strategically important to companies due to the growth of global business, technology and the Internet. Understanding cross-cultural communication is important for any company that has a diverse workforce or plans on conducting global business. This type of communication involves an understanding of how people from different cultures speak, communicate and perceive the world around them. Cross-cultural communication in an organization deals with understanding different business customs, beliefs and communication strategies. Language differences, high-context vs. low-context cultures, nonverbal differences and power distance are major factors that can affect cross-cultural communication. Cross-cultural communication is imperative for companies that have a diverse workforce and participate in the global economy. It is important for employees to understand the factors that are part of an effective, diverse workforce. With cross-cultural communication you have to remember the six principles. The first principle is the similarities or the common ground, the next one is differences or the perspective, judgment, or choice. The third principle is diversity or valuing the difference, the fourth one is respect or the basic human need. The fifth one is acknowledgment which is the recognition of individual needs. Finally the six and last principle is empathy, the understanding and compassion...
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... Introduction In this assignment, a conscience effort has been made to understand the concepts of “Cross Cultural Management” (CCM). Before we get into the dept, it is important for us to understand “Culture” in broad terms. The expression “culture” can be defined as the inherited values, concepts, and ways of living which are shared by people of the same social group. To simplify further, culture is divided into two kinds; the first is “generic culture” which is essentially a shared culture of all humans living on this planet. The second is “local culture” which refers to symbols and schemas shared by a particular social group. The local culture can also be understood from the simple that every country has a diverse and different culture which may be similar, but it certainly cannot be the same. Culture is different in many forms and contents that include factors that we can see like language, behavior, dressing and food; and others that we cannot see like beliefs and values. With the advent of Globalization, the world is now a global village and the technological achievements of this modern time have brought people closer together than ever. This also means that people from different parts of the world and with different cultural backgrounds are working and communicating together. While this is not only interesting, but dealing with people from different cultures requires conscience efforts in knowing the cultural diversities. This can be further be explained with...
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...STUDY ON BARRIERS OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN ELECTRONICBASED COMPANIES 1 Bibi Noraini Bt Mohd Yusuf, 2Zurina Bt Zulkifli, 3Intan Maizura Bt Abd Rashid, 4Syahida Bt Kamil, 1,2,3,4 School of Business Innovation and Technopreneurship Universiti Malaysia Perlis 1 bibinoraini@unimap.edu.my, 2Zurina@yahoo.com, 3Intan Maizura@unimap.edu.my, 4syahida@unimap.edu.my, Abstract Rapid growths in economic development and trade globalization have necessitate the number of firms to expand and extend their businesses abroad. A sizeable number of firms have been opening new plants in other countries or hiring their employees from overseas, creating a diversity of workforce. A diversified workforce will create cross-cultural differences leading to cross-cultural communication. This research aims to analyze the barriers of cross-cultural communication in electronic-based companies. The subjects for this study, comprising company operators and middle to top management were randomly selected from electronic-based companies domiciled in Northern Peninsular Malaysia. This study adopted a quantitative approach method, where questionnaires were distributed among 200 employees. Analysis of data compiled was carried out using the SPSS version 20.0 mode. Through an in-depth analysis and application of this study, there is a bigger impact of multinational firm communication in the cross-cultural communication. In addition, the dimensions of national cultures, high and low context...
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...International Dimensions in Organizational Behavior | Cross-Cultural Communication INTRODUCTION "We didn't all come over on the same ship, but we're all in the same boat." – Bernard Baruch, American financier and statesman. The Internet and modern technology have opened up new marketplaces that allow us to promote our businesses to new geographic locations and cultures. And given that it can now be as easy to work with people remotely as it is to work face-to-face, cross-cultural communication is increasingly the new norm. For those of us who are native English-speakers, it is fortunate that English seems to be the language that people use if they want to reach the widest possible audience. However, even for native English speakers, cross-cultural communication can be an issue: Just witness the mutual incomprehension that can sometimes arise between people from different English-speaking countries. In this new world, good cross-cultural communication is a must. BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Obviously, not all individuals acculturate similarly. Some find the daily challenges of responding to another culture to be too stressful and overwhelming. If possible, such individuals will choose to return to their cultural origin; if they cannot do so, various kinds of maladaptive adjustments, or even mental illness, can occur. People misunderstand each other for a wide variety of reasons, and these misunderstandings can occur between people who are culturally...
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...more than 310,000,000 people migrated daily to new points on the globe. (Kemp 2009) Why are so many people migrating? In a world where culture understanding may become more important than actual communication, “Saving Face” by Francine Kemp tries to help us understand conflict in multicultural organizations. To obtain a better understanding of what Kemp means by “saving face” we need to move forward and understand what is happening in the world around us. Author Francine Kemp’s professional interests are in leadership development. Kemps main research lies in the field of women and diverse groups with the focus being cross cultural communication between cultures, genders and social groups. Her education and background are also impressive. Dr. Kemp possesses a Doctorate of Management in Organizational Leadership through the University of Phoenix, a Masters in Education from the Trenton State College now Renamed the College of New Jersey earned in Tel Aviv, Israel, and a double Bachelors in Education from Wright State University, Dayton, Oh. http://www.apu.apus.edu/community/faculty/bio/779/francine-d-kemp “Saving Face” has a broad range of geographic locations that it references throughout the article. Kemp’s groups of focus include Asian, Middle Eastern, African and Hispanic Cultures. Kemp utilizes these groups to compare how culture can be divided into low-context and high-context groups. Kemp identifies low-context groups to exhibit very little concern, interest...
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...Minh A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF DAILY COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE VIETNAMESE AND AMERICANS OUTLINE Introduction Vietnamese - American cross-cultural communication: 1. Theories of intercultural communication 2. Vietnamese vs. American perceptions and communication styles 2.1 Vietnamese vs. American perceptions 2.1.1 Individualistic vs. collectivistic cultures 2.1.2 High- vs. low-context cultures 2.1.3 Face-saving 2.2. Vietnamese vs. American communication styles 2.2.1 Ways of greetings 2.2.2 Topics for conversation 2.2.3 Silence and Eye contact 2.2.4 Touching 2.2.5 Other nonverbal gestures 3. Cross-cultural communication strategies Conclusion Introduction Cross-cultural encounters have long provided a great source of interest for research. Globalization has increased contact between people from different cultures, but it has not evened out cultural differences as much as expected. The divergence of perspectives continues to survive in communication between people from different cultures such as Vietnamese and American. This paper aims to address the issues of intercultural communication between the Vietnamese and Americans in daily life. By juxtaposing the main traits of the two cultures while some common cultural misinterpretations are listed, I wish to give a comprehensive look at the Vietnamese- American daily communication, meanwhile...
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...1 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: ITS IMPORTANCE TO VARIOUS CAREER FIELDS AND PERSPECTIVE BY VARIOUS AUTHORS Priscilla N. Gitimu Doctoral Student Southern Illinois University Carbondale Department of Workforce Education and Development 311G Quigley Hall Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Carbondale, IL 62901-4605 618-453-1982 ukic@siu.edu 2 ABSTRACT Intercultural communication refers to messages transmitted between members of two or more different societies Globalization has made intercultural communication inevitable. Communicating with other cultures characterizes today’s business, classroom, and community. Technology especially the internet has increased the probability that whatever is documented online will be read by someone from another culture. Intercultural communication is of importance in any career field thus the art of knowing how to communicate with other cultures should be a work place skill that is emphasized. This is a conceptual paper whose purpose is two fold. First the paper gives a synopsis of the importance of efficient and competent intercultural communication in various career fields; namely, education, business, medicine and in counseling. Secondly, the paper presents studies and perspectives that various authors have on intercultural communication. INTRODUCTION Globalization has made intercultural communication inevitable. Communicating with other cultures characterizes today’s business, classroom, and community. Hence...
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...“Cross Cultural Communication” “Everyone has a culture. Americans struggle to understand their own culture which leads to difficulties in learning effectively about cultural differences”-stated by The Cross Cultural Communications for Healthcare Professionals. As a Texan born and raised learning how to cross communicate with others can be challenging but can be done. Today I will be giving you a insight on how cross cultural communication is very important in the healthcare industry and even in our everyday living. To start off, as a nurse assistant communicating with residents that couldn’t speak or even read English was a problem trying to administer medications, take vitals and hold a conversation. But eventually it became easier with dedication and a few mistakes made. I won’t say it is easy but it gets better with time and giving it more than one chance. Often people misjudge others because of their appearance, what they eat or how they sound when they speak. But in reality we all make a first impression on someone or something. Getting to know someone and about their history is pretty interesting and teaching someone about yourself and your background is a great way of communicating. Here are (5) important skills to me to remember when communicating with people of the world. First, Gain Respect, the ability to express respect for others is an important part of effective cross cultural communication. Everyone...
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...Communication barriers becomes more common problem within nowadays organisations as there is getting more and more international chains such as hotels, companies around the world, international trade always occurs between different countries, and many organisations’ work environment becomes more multicultural. Eubanks et al. (Samovar & Porter, 2010, p.137) illustrated that ‘cross-cultural or intercultural communication is between individuals and groups whose perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter communication event’. This assignment discusses what the potential communication barriers across cultures could be and what the solutions are to overcome these cultural challenges. Robbins et al. (2011) indicated that language could be the most common problem in cross-cultural communication, even people use same language could have communication problem because of different age and context groups could use words differently. Except language differences, problems relates to language difficulties, could be semantics, word connotations and tone differences. Semantics could cause communication barrier as there could be some uncommon words within different languages that might be difficult to translate, for instance, there is no direct Russian equivalents for the English terms – efficiency, free market and regulation. Connotations could be another reason to result in language difficulties. Individuals from various nations could imply words differently that incur misunderstanding...
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...Review Key issues in cross-cultural business communication: Anthropological approaches to international business Tian Guang* and Dan Trotter Shantou University, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, Southern China. Accepted 8 March, 2012 Cultural factors have long been known to influence the communication and success potential of competition. Cultural awareness shapes how business firms behave in cross-culturally reflected international markets. It is broadly recognized that cultural factors act as invisible barriers in international business communications. Understanding cultural differences is one of the most significant skills for firms to develop in order to have a competitive advantage in international business. This paper probes some key elements of cross-cultural issues in international business communication and provides a framework for creating competitive advantage for firms engaged in international business. Culture affects many aspects of international business communication. It impacts free trade policies, localization and standardization strategy decisions, advertising, brand effectiveness, business relationships, international business management, international marketing, international negotiation, and consumer behavior. Seven themes are suggested as guidelines for further research: Cultural impacts of markets, international versus domestic business communication, standardization versus adaptation in cross-cultural communication; cross-cultural dimensions of...
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...Introduction With the rapid development on the transportation, the earth now has become a small village. People from different countries can travel around the world all the time. However, different countries have different culture. Thus, the cross culture always happens. In the essay, the basic information about the cross culture can be found. This easy will include a cross-culture experience to the readers. Of course, some theories about the cross culture and the analysis about it are explained in this essay as well. The Basic Information Of Cross Culture The cross culture communication means the communication between people from different cultures. Normally, they speak different languages. The characteristics about the cross culture communication are various. The communication roles must come from different culture backgrounds. And they should use one language to communicate. They have to do the direct and practical language communication. (David, 2009) The Experience of The Culture Cross Last year, I travelled to Britain and stayed in the local house. The guider told us in advanced that if the host gives the travelers some gifts, the travelers should never refuse or give money to buy it. The travelers should accept immediately and say thanks. This is the custom to show friendship to the travelers. Thus, if the travelers refuse the gifts or give money, the host may consider that the travelers do not like the gifts. When having the dinner, the travelers should pick up...
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...THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CROSS-CULTURAL TRAINING FOR EXECUTIVES IN OIL & GAS COMPANIES WITHIN THE KLANG VALLEY A Master’s Project submitted in partial fulfilment Of the requirements for the degree of Master of Human Resource Management The Effectiveness of Cross-Cultural Training for Executives in Oil & Gas Companies within the Klang Valley ABSTRACT Cross-cultural interactions are rapidly increasing. Globalisation and cultural diverse communities are lending themselves to daily intercultural exchanges. With greater diversity, we require greater open-mindedness, tolerance and sensitivity. Those in direct contact with culturally different members are in greater need of such skills, and often require training to become more cross-culturally sensitive. Cross-cultural training program for individual going abroad, address such issues and prepare participants to work and live overseas. Cultural conflicts affect the efficiency of the employees’ performance at workplaces and it is believed that employees from different cultural backgrounds will have to improve their communication skills. An intercultural training programme is needed in order to prepare multicultural employees for surprises that could arise in complex cultural situations without being frustrated, stressed, and puzzled. TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE PAGE ABSTRACT ii ABSTRAK ...
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