...Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA Keywords Tourism, Holidays, Korea Abstract Investigates the relationship between tourists' destination loyalty and their preferences as to destination. Destination loyalty is operationally defined as the level of tourists' perceptions of a destination as a recommendable place. On-site surveys of Korean outbound travellers were conducted at the Seoul International Airport, South Korea, in March 1997. Of 285 questionnaires collected from Korean outbound travellers, 265 useful questionnaires are analyzed. Multiple regression analysis reveals that three destination preferences, including different culture experiences, safety, and convenient transportation, have a positive relationship with tourist's loyalty to the destination. Results from a path analysis show that past trip experience affects tourists' destination preference. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed in the conclusion. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 13/2 [2001] 79±85 # MCB University Press [ISSN 0959-6119] Introduction Tourist choice behavior is one of the important topics frequently investigated by scholars (Ajzen and Driver, 1991; Chen, 1998; Fesenmaier, 1988; Iso-Ahola, 1980; Mathieson and Wall, 1982; Um and Crompton, 1990). These choice behavioral studies have been linked to the issues of decision rules, decision-making processes, and choice factors...
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...data on “Aspects of Organisational Culture and Change” in Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire to demonstrate the epistemological and ontological dilemmas faced by researchers in organisational analysis. Symbolic interactionism and stories are also used to highlight the importance of speech actors within an organisational change context in order to surface some of these dilemmas in business studies in general and management research in particular. These two provide alternative positions to Strauss and Quinn’s “maintained” analysis of how organisations and managers implement change interventions and employees’ reactions to these. Amongst some of my principal objectives is to demonstrate what can be contributed when researchers focus on what can be considered credible and valid knowledge that can be generalised in organisational and management studies. Keywords: language, methodological dilemmas, epistemology, theory and practice. 1. Introduction This paper focuses on the exploration of some of the philosophical and practical dilemmas faced by researchers in business and management sciences. I examine Strauss and Quinn’s (1997) methodological approach to the study of organisational and management practices to point out some of these dilemmas especially in the context of how employees experience organisational culture change. I question the rather...
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...uni-erlangen.de 2) University of Melbourne, Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, harzing@unimelb.edu.au Acknowledgements This study was supported by funds from the 'Jubiläumsfondsprojekt Nr. 11618 of the Oesterreichischen Nationalbank'. We thank Professor Gerhard Fink and Dr. Markus Pudelko for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. Abstract Using data collected from 25 interviews with Austrian employees in the European Commission, we explore the conditions under which cultural differences do and do not influence interactions. Previous experience with culturally-determined behaviour and experience working in a foreign language is found to foster norms that reduce conflict based on cross-cultural differences. Time pressure, on the other hand, makes cultural differences, specifically the way that criticism is delivered and the extent of relational-versus-task orientation, more explicit. Our...
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...increasingly use expatriates on short-term and long-term international job assignments for a variety of purposes, such as to acquire and transfer knowledge, to manage a foreign subsidiary, to fill a staffing need, to maintain communication, coordination, and control between subsidiaries and corporate headquarters, and to develop global leadership competence. Given this, successful expatriate assignments are indispensable to Multinational companies for both developmental and functional reasons. Training: An expatriate’s success in the host country is largely determined by his or her cross-cultural adjustment to the host country. While immersed in the new culture, expatriates are ‘removed from the comfortable environment of their parental culture and placed in a less familiar culture’ and are susceptible to adjustment problems because of numerous challenges that inhibit their cross-cultural adjustment like the need to speak the foreign language, to cope with culture shock, to understand different laws and customs, and to interact with local nationals. Scholarly research that has been conducted in recent years suggests that expatriates who are not prepared to confront the challenges (e.g., to cope with culture shock) find it difficult to adjust and hence incur, and impose on others, costly implications. For example, expatriates who are unable to adjust are more likely to perform poorly. Poor performance on the assignment has costly implications for expatriates (such as low self-esteem...
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...explore the potential ability of company market. However, if the management of international team be ignored, they will creat a variety of communication obstacles and disturb the deployment of the enterprise. Globalization and cultural diversity turn social fields and organizations into very dynamic places. Across borders, across cultures, cross-organizational collaboration on multiple levels there are many great challenges. Language and cultural differences sometimes cause communication difficulties, and some unexpected problems sometimes also can let a person off guard. There will be trouble in any teams which will make the team work uneffectively so that we need arrangement and leadership. In a word, we need to study some successful experience about international team management and learn to overcome the difficulties and solve the problems to creat more benefits. The assignment main contain three parts. Firstly, there will be given some theories about teamwork and international management. Secondly, there will be a successful team case and some comments and analysis. I. What is international team? Team with Diversity of Countries Members Globalization is the main point that we must take into account in a company in order to succeed with cultural diversity....
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...primary sources from Harlem and similar urban spaces, scholars should be particularly attentive to their multisensory aspects. By examining sensory experiences such as sound, sight, and taste within Black urban environments, scholars can more clearly analyze the dynamism and gravity of events and experiences in African American urban communities; This multifaceted approach allows for a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of Black urban history. Through historians’ analysis of sound, the reader can more clearly understand the powerful...
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...PART I: CHAPTER OUTLINE I. What is Culture? A. Culture and Human Intelligence B. Culture, Nation, and Society II. The Components of Culture A. Symbols B. Language 1. Language and Cultural Transmission 2. Is Language Uniquely Human? 3. Does Language Shape Reality? C. Values and Beliefs 1. Key Values of U.S. Culture 2. Values: Inconsistency and Conflict 3. Values in Action: The Games People Play A. Norms 1. Mores and Folkways 2. Social Control A. "Ideal" and "Real" Culture B. Material Culture and Technology C. New Information Technology and Culture I. Cultural Diversity: Many Ways of Life In One World A. High Culture and Popular Culture B. Subculture C. Multiculturalism D. Counterculture E. Cultural Change 1. Cultural Lag 2. Causes of Cultural Change A. Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity B. A Global Culture? I. Theoretical Analysis of Culture A. Structural-Functional Analysis B. Social-Conflict Analysis C. Sociobiology I. Culture and Human Freedom A. Culture As Constraint B. Culture As Freedom I. Summary II. Key Concepts III. Critical-Thinking Questions IV. Applications and Exercises V. Sites to SeePART II: LEARNING OBJECTIVES * To begin to understand the sociological meaning of the concept of culture * To consider the relationship between human intelligence and culture...
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...In an attempt at analyzing born-again Christians, Harding focuses on the usage of religious rhetoric in the conversions of fundamentalist American Baptists. Harding analyzes a non-socialized link to converted adults, which is distinctly different than that of children. Harding emphasizes on the conversion process and the persuasive and interpersonal language that convinces susceptible people to convert. However, it is debatable if Harding was objective in her analysis. Her use of religious language, the structure of the essay, and the definitional usage of “disbelief” in comparison to “belief”, discredits Harding’s analysis. In order to be converted as a born-again Christian as an adult who wasn’t initially socialized into Baptist Christianity,...
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...THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CROSS-CULTURAL TRAINING FOR EXECUTIVES IN OIL & GAS COMPANIES WITHIN THE KLANG VALLEY A Master’s Project submitted in partial fulfilment Of the requirements for the degree of Master of Human Resource Management The Effectiveness of Cross-Cultural Training for Executives in Oil & Gas Companies within the Klang Valley ABSTRACT Cross-cultural interactions are rapidly increasing. Globalisation and cultural diverse communities are lending themselves to daily intercultural exchanges. With greater diversity, we require greater open-mindedness, tolerance and sensitivity. Those in direct contact with culturally different members are in greater need of such skills, and often require training to become more cross-culturally sensitive. Cross-cultural training program for individual going abroad, address such issues and prepare participants to work and live overseas. Cultural conflicts affect the efficiency of the employees’ performance at workplaces and it is believed that employees from different cultural backgrounds will have to improve their communication skills. An intercultural training programme is needed in order to prepare multicultural employees for surprises that could arise in complex cultural situations without being frustrated, stressed, and puzzled. TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE PAGE ABSTRACT ii ABSTRAK ...
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...The Development of Anthropology * Anthropology (Anthropos = “Man”, Logy = “Study of”) * The study of humankind in all times and places * The discipline of Anthropology is a European invention, but the study of people has a long history… Early Anthropology * Herodotus * Greek Historian (5th century B.C.E.) * The Histories – collections of Herodotus’ encounters with peoples of the Mediterranean world. He often emphasized how he faithfully recorded stories told to him, but would often add embellishments/emphasis to endear his Greek readers to the peoples he met abroad. * Napoleon Bonaparte and Egypt * Self-proclaimed Emperor of France (1769-1821) In Western History… European Exploration/Colonialism Columbus, Napoleon, and… Western Society’s past attempts at getting to know other cultures * Modernism: Began with the Renaissance and the Enlightenment. * A reaction to the superstition and hysteria of Europe’s “Dark Ages” (The Witch hunt era that we will get into later). Rationality, objectivity, reason can discover knowledge and truth and lead to progress We can understand everybody/thing everywhere if we adhere to these principles of logic. * Empirical knowledge: Based on observations of the world rather than on intuition or faith. * Hypothesis: A tentative explanation of the relation between certain phenomena Theory: In science, an explanation of natural phenomena, supported by a reliable...
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...Tomlinson University of Chicago Press: Published 1999 ISBN: 0-226-80768-1 Chapter 1: Globalization and Culture Globalization lies at the heart of modern culture; cultural practices lie at the heart of globalization. This is the reciprocal relationship I shall try to establish in this chapter and explore in the chapters which follow. This is not a reckless claim: it is not to say that globalization is the single determinant of modern cultural experience, nor that culture alone is the conceptual key that unlocks globalization's inner dynamic. It is not, therefore, to claim that the politics and economics of globalization yield to a cultural account which takes conceptual precedence. But it is to maintain that the huge transformative processes of our time that globalization describes cannot be properly understood until they are grasped through the conceptual vocabulary of culture; likewise that these transformations change the very fabric of cultural experience and, indeed, affect our sense of what culture actually is in the modern world. Both globalization and culture are concepts of the highest order of generality and notoriously contested in their meanings. This book certainly does not aim at an exhaustive analysis of either: more modestly it tries to grasp the main elements of globalization in what might be called a cultural register. In this first chapter I offer an orientating understanding of the concept of globalization within this register, and then try to show why culture and...
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...elsevier.com/locate/poetic Experiencing unemployment: The roles of social and cultural capital in mediating economic crisis ´ Virgılio Borges Pereira ˆ Departamento de Sociologia, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, Via Panoramica, ´ s/numero 4150-564 Porto, Portugal Available online 24 October 2011 Abstract The paper offers an engagement with economic issues, via an exploration of the recent crisis in Northern Portugal, to discuss the roles of social capital and cultural capital in the configuration of diverse experiences of unemployment. It focuses on changes over time and on contemporary everyday relations to identify such experiences. By means of a multiple correspondence analysis, patterns of sociability are discerned. Ethnographic material enables these patterns to be qualified and three main types of unemployment experience are identified, all centred on the idea of unemployment as a space of sociability. The case study elaborates on and qualifies research inspired by Bourdieu on methodological and theoretical grounds. It demonstrates the need to qualify statistical patterns emerging from MCA with refined qualitative material and indicates specific ways in which social and cultural capitals interact with the economic sphere in a particularly severe economic crisis. # 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction This paper puts forward an analysis of the experience of economic and social crisis in an industrialised context in Northwest Portugal...
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...Defining the Research Problem Analysis of Butch Lesbian Mothers in Pop Culture This research makes a contribution to the current scholarship within feminist, gender, and sexuality studies that have previously not been explored in detail. Scholarship on queer parenting is burgeoning, however, it exists in a silo alongside the current literature on pop culture representations and butch lesbian identity, which is largely dated or unexplored. Bridging these fields of study, this unique analysis discursively traces pop culture representations of butch lesbian parents. Specifically, I contribute to the current research in three ways. First, little feminist research has been carried out on motherhood in recent years. There are only a handful of studies...
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...Language forms an integral part of the formation of identity and the gradual development of personal esteem. Despite the ubiquitous nature of lingua franca such as the English language, people who are conscious of their indigenous identity are keen to incorporate aspects of their mother tongue in common languages. However, not all individuals feel proud of expressing their forms of synthesized language. The relationship between cultural identity and language is mutual. Language plays a vital role in placing an individual in an appropriate societal position (Val and Vinogradova 2). Amy Tan’s “Mother Tongue and Anzaldua Gloria’s, “How to Tame a Wild Tongue” are exquisite examples of the formation of language and cultural identities due to interactions with American culture. A comparative analysis of both texts can reveal that each author...
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...2012) Amity School of Business e- Mail – shubhangi_singh@live.in INDEX SERIAL NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO. 1. Abstract 03 2. Introduction 04 3. Methodology 07 4. Literature review 08 5. Discussion 14 6 Conclusion 15 7. Suggestions 16 6. Appendices 17 7. References 18 ABSTRACT Confronted by the globalization of markets, increasing competition, deregulation and rapid technological developments, speed and flexibility become key sources of competitive advantage for organizations. This calls for radically different management approaches and a new breed of leaders. New mindsets and new sets of learning skills will be key factors of success in the knowledge intensive corporations of the future. The research field of cross-cultural management suffers from an absence of theory capable of explaining the...
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