...Mapping an Argument Steven Montesano CRT/205 11/17/12 Ann Armstrong The first article chosen was Abortion Is a Form of Genocide by Meredith Eugene Hunt. The issue in this article is “abortion as a form of genocide is accurate by historical and accepted standards of the word’s definition” (Abortion, 2010). I highlighted this as the issue because it includes everything the author is trying to prove to the reader. Hunt wants to make it known that she believes abortion is a form of genocide even though the parameters fit loosely. She also points to the fact that history has shown evidence of genocide, and she uses that history to show the similarities between genocide and abortion. Hunt is making an argument that is both deductive and inductive. In some cases she gives proof in her accusations of the terms abortion and genocide. On the other hand, at times she offers supporting information intended to sway the reader to her side of the argument. The first conclusion in the article is “abortion does not fit in perfectly with the original use” with the premise being “Hunt identifies the origin of the term “genocide” (Abortion, 2010). This is a valid deductive argument because the term genocide is factual and therefore abortion not fitting exactly into that definition can only be true. The next conclusion found was “abortion could have genocidal characteristics, but would not qualify as genocide legally”, and the premise is “unwanted preborn children as a group are...
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...Differentiating Reasoning CRT 205 August 21, 2011 Article #1: "Homeschoolers Deserve Equal Access to Extracurricular Activities." In this article I believe that the author used a deductive argument. The issue described pertains to the population of home schooled children in the state of Alabama having the right to participate in interscholastic extracurricular activities. The author argues several points that lead to the same conclusion; that homeschoolers have the same right to join extracurricular sports in the community as public or private school children. “Interscholastic extracurricular activities are an important complement to the academic curriculum. Participation in a comprehensive extracurricular and academic program contributes to student development of the social and intellectual skills necessary to become a well-rounded adult.” “Public schools do not "own" competitive athletics; they belong to the students, their families, and the residents of Alabama.” Several valid premises are made through this argument that I believe make it deductive. “A homeschooled student is a student just the same as a public or private schooled student and therefore deserves equal and fair treatment, especially by the state sponsored educational establishment. This should apply to athletics as well as academics.” Another point that was made, that I find to be a little disturbing, is the premise that an illegal immigrant can enroll a child into our public school...
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...Joy Lawlor 02/09/2012 HUMN 210 Miriam Abbott Assignment 6-1 Assignment 6-1: Validity of an Argument Part 1: Cartoon stock. (n.d). Retrieved February 9, 2012 from http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/a/articles.asp This article has too many errors in it, right? If you are smart, you are Greek. And if you are Greek, you will write grammatically correct articles. But you cannot write grammatically correct articles. If you write grammatically correct articles, you are not Greek. Contradiction: You can write grammatically correct articles and you cannot write grammatically correct articles. Part 2: Form: If it is a cat, then it has four legs. It has four legs. ---------------------------------------------- Thus, it is a cat. A. What is the conclusion? The conclusion is it is a cat. B. What is the premise? There are two premises. If it is a cat, then it has four legs and it has four legs. C. Translating the argument. C → F F ------------ C D. Inductive or deductive argument? The argument uses premise and conclusions to provide an explanation. The use of two premises is another clue to determine whether the argument is inductive or deductive. Also, the premises in the above arguments are intended to prove the conclusion. This argument is a deductive argument. More specifically, the argument is fashioned in the form of modus ponens. The basic form of this is: If p, then q. p. --------------- Thus, q. E. Can the conclusion...
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...Globalization is the process of integration arising from the interchange of views in the world, products ideas, and other aspects of culture Why globalization is good: Cheaper production costs and more consumers to sell to; this allows more business opportunities and availability of commodity to the consumer. Untapped markets, different services, investment opportunities. Globalization brings about growth in a countries business for some products are brought about by investors hence increasing the countries’ economy. New business solutions, new ideas are introduced to solve problems; this allows one to get solutions from the exchange of business ideas from other world countries. Why globalization is bad: It uses up finite resources more quickly example coal, oil, nuclear and gas-dependency on business resources that won’t last. Investors tend to invest in less developed countries so as to maximize their profits-the market goes to the country that the possession of the commodity. With the dollar being the world’s reserve currency, globalization can lead to huge US balance of trade deficit and other imbalances. Globalization can move taxation from corporations. Globalization sets up a currency with each country trying to get an export advantage by dropping the value of its currency- thus the prices of the export reducing due to increase in competition within the business market. Encourages dependence on surroundingcountries’ for essential goods and services- this...
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...Gobbet 2- Khrusschev’s Secret Speech The Source is an extract of a speech given by Nikita Khrushchev at the Twentieth Party Congress of the Soviet Union on February 25th 1956. Khrushchev served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the partial de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the world's early space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Stalin's political heirs fought for power after his death in 1953, a struggle in which Khrushchev, after several years, emerged triumphant. In 1956, at the Twentieth Party Congress, he delivered the "Secret Speech", vilifying Stalin and ushering in a less repressive era in the USSR. The speech was delivered on the very last day of the Congress, when it was announced that an unscheduled session had been called for the Soviet delegates. Because of the obvious secrecy of the meeting, the speech would have been unknown to those outside the conference, however an Israeli Mossad agent was in secret attendance copying its contents eventually allowing Khrushchev's denouncing of Stalin to be circulated throughout Western media. Although it was not officially published in the Soviet Union until 1988. The speech itself was based on the results of a special party commission known as the Pospelov Commission which was prepared by its...
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...Policy: Find a law in your state that no longer makes sense. (In Baltimore it is illegal to take a lion to a movie theater). Provide a definition for Felony and misdemeanor for your State. What is the legal level of intoxication when driving in your State; also include the number of vehicle deaths related to drinking for 2011. Review at least 3 other students posts. * Cars are the only item allowed in a garage. * In California, a frog that dies during a frog –jumping contest can’t be eaten later. * A law created in 1925 makes it illegal to wiggle while dancing. * Detonating a nuclear device within the city limits results in a $500 fine. * In San Francisco, Persons classified as “ugly” may not walk down any street. Felony: California felonies are charges and convictions that can result in probation and jail time. At times a felony can be punishable by a prison sentence of sixteen months or up to life in prison. Unlike other states, California classifies its felonies into named categories: White Collar, Drug, Sex, and Violent and Serious Felonies. Misdemeanor: Standard California misdemeanors are offenses that are punishable by a maximum six-month county jail sentence and a maximum $1,000 fine. However, certain misdemeanor offenses specify a harsher penalty. There are sometimes called "gross misdemeanors" or "aggravated misdemeanors." When this is the case, the county jail sentence may increase to a maximum of one year…and the fine may also increase Legal...
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...04hofstede (ds) 27/8/02 1:46 pm Page 1 Human Relations [0018-7267(200211)55:11] Volume 55(11): xx–xx: 028921 Copyright © 2002 The Tavistock Institute ® SAGE Publications London, Thousand Oaks CA, New Delhi Dimensions do not exist: A reply to Brendan McSweeney Geert Hofstede In January 2001 Human Relations invited me to write a response to an article by Brendan McSweeney which was a critical examination of my 1980 book Culture’s consequences, to coincide with the forthcoming publication of the books’ second edition. I reacted enthusiastically, but my enthusiasm quickly faded away when I saw McSweeney’s diatribe. I pointed out that the appearance of a re-written and updated edition of my 1980 book would make many of McSweeney’s comments obsolete. Also, I reacted to his style, which I found unnecessarily abrasive. Human Relations decided to publish McSweeney’s article anyway, in a somewhat mollified version. My response to his comments follow below. The second edition of Culture’s consequences contains a section: ‘Support and Criticisms of the Approach Followed’ which reads as follows (endnotes omitted): The first edition of this book’s disrespect for academic borderlines paid off in a multidisciplinary readership. It also caused very mixed reviews: Some enthusiastic (e.g. Eysenck, 1981; Triandis, 1982; Sorge, 1983), some irritated, condescending, or ridiculing (e.g. Cooper, 1982; Roberts & Boyacigiller, 1984). I had made a paradigm shift...
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...Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture Geert H. Hofstede was born on October 2, 1928 in Haarlem, the Netherlands. He received his M.Sc. from the Delft Institute of Technology in 1953, his Ph.D. (cum laude) from Groningen University in 1967. Hofstede is most well known for his work on four dimensions of cultural variability, commonly referred to as "Hofstede's Dimensions." These include: Uncertainty Avoidance, Power Distance, Masculinity-Femininity, Individualism-Collectivism, and Long-Term/Short Term Orientation. These dimensions were arrived in his 1980 publication, "Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values." The study took existing survey data (sample size of 116,000) collected from a multinational corporation (IBM). The result was a score in each of the dimensions for 40 different countries. During 1978-83, the Dutch cultural anthropologist Geert Hofstede conducted detailed interviews with hundreds of IBM employees in 53 countries. Through standard statistical analysis of fairly large data sets, he was able to determine patterns of similarities and differences among the replies. From this data analysis, he formulated his theory that world cultures vary along consistent, fundamental dimensions. Since his subjects were constrained to one multinational corporation's world-wide employees, and thus to one company culture, he ascribed their differences to the effects of their national cultures. (One weakness is that he maintained that each country...
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...Dimensions of Culture Geert H. Hofstede was born on October 2, 1928 in Haarlem, the Netherlands. He received his M.Sc. from the Delft Institute of Technology in 1953, his Ph.D. (cum laude) from Groningen University in 1967. Hofstede served in the Netherlands Army from 1953 to 1955. In 1955, he married Maaike A. Van den Hoek. They've also "lived happily ever after", but I'm not sure where (probably Brussels, Belgium). Hofstede is most well known for his work on four dimensions of cultural variability, commonly referred to as "Hofstede's Dimensions." These include: Uncertainty Avoidance, Power Distance, Masculinity-Femininity, Individualism-Collectivism, Confucian Dynamism. These dimensions were arrived in his 1980 publication, "Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values." The study took existing survey data (sample size of 116,000) collected from a multinational corporation (IBM). The result was a score in each of the dimensions for 40 different countries. During 1978-83, the Dutch cultural anthropologist Geert Hofstede conducted detailed interviews with hundreds of IBM employees in 53 countries. Through standard statistical analysis of fairly large data sets, he was able to determine patterns of similarities and differences among the replies. From this data analysis, he formulated his theory that world cultures vary along consistent, fundamental dimensions. Since his subjects were constrained to one multinational corporation's world-wide employees...
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...the early development of civilizations, cultures have borrowed and adopted ideas from each other. As an example, it is well known that Egyptian culture influenced the Greeks, which in turn influenced the Romans who spread their empire towards Europe, Asia and Africa influencing countless others who in turn influenced them. Since its beginning, this form of culture exchange has been a driving force of humanity’s development. All cultures have appropriate from other cultures; it is a necessary action for the survival of a society. Recently a wave of backlash has given this exchange a negative connotation by criticizing it as being a form of disrespect; where a culture will “steal” another culture’s intellectual property or tradition for their own personal gain. Should we rush to discredit a culture’s actions or accomplishments if they’re based on something outside of their own experience? It would have been impossible for many countries to make the cultural improvements to reach the status they have today without appropriation of other cultures. Let’s look at the United States of America, a nation that was born from the appropriation of several different cultures into a unified nation of immigrants. Does the United States not have its own...
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...The purpose of this essay is to firstly understand the arguments between McSweeney and Hofstede about national cultures. The argument starts on the Hoftstede’s published book Culture’s Consequences. Hoftstede’s cultural dimensions theory has got popular and in the same time criticised by other scholars, while McSweeney is one of the scholars who have been critising the cultural dimensions on people from different nations. This essay will firstly summarise the ideas and arguments of both of McSweeney and Hofstede in order to develop the understanding about the reasons why they are conflicting with each other on the cultural dimension theories. Following the summary of the two scholars ideas and argument, this essay will discuss the agreement and disagreement of both scholars. Reflection on this course on national culture will be specified as well in order to show whether my personal understanding about culture has been changed or improved. Summary of the ideas and argument of both McSweeney and Hofstede * McSweeney’s argument McSweeney expresses his doubts about Hoftstede’s model of national cultural differences and their consequences. The criticism that McSweeney has on the theory of Hoftstede’s cultural dimensions based on the description of national cultural differences in the Culture’s Consequences published in 1980 (McSweeney, 2002). First of all, the methodology applied in the research of Hoftstede’s model is critised by McSweeney. McSweeney points out that IBM...
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...Content 1. Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------------------3 2. Literature Review------------------------------------------------------------------4 3. Methodology used in research----------------------------------------------------7 4. Expected results--------------------------------------------------------------------8 5. Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------------9 6. Reference----------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Introduction United Kingdom is a region with a large population. Also with the high diversity of the population, people tend to have different culture backgrounds. Walking along the streets in NTIC, you might find yourself in another Europe city as there is a large amount of African, Chinese, Indian and some people from other culture backgrounds. So this issue leads to the research which the author wants to dig in, will they really get along well with each other with different culture backgrounds or are they really that different? Also the author has set three objectives as followed which this research needs to complete. Objectives: 1. Find out does the cultural differences exist or not. 2. Analyse the main reason that is causing the cultural differences. 3. Find a way to improve the misunderstanding of cultural differences if it does exist. Literature Review The so-called “culture”...
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...The Connection between National Culture and Organizational Culture Kyb Fugfugosh San Francisco State University IBUS 681 (01) Date 12/10/2012 2 The Connection between National and Organizational Culture The term “culture” is generally ascribed to societies in a country, or ethnic and regional clusters within a nation, but can also be assigned to organizations, institutions, and family. Social organizations, whether national cultures, or institutional cultures develop because members’ behavior is not arbitrary, and can sometimes be anticipated and calculated. Organizations are bound by culture, which includes the individual behaviors of members and the collective purpose of the organization. In his frequently referenced book, Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values (1984), Geert Hofstede provided a methodology for the cross-cultural studies of nations, and the organizations that develop based on cultural values. Cultural concepts, as they relate to organizational studies, are borrowed from anthropology, in which views vary, and there is no consensus. Therefore the application of the “cultural perspective” to organizational studies also varies, and is based on assumptions about the nature of both “culture” and “organizations” (Smircich, 1983). Pettigrew (1979) advocated the use of cultural concepts borrowed from sociology and anthropology in the examination of organizational behavior. He advanced “longitudinalprocessual” studies of organizations...
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...their militias, and I was surprised to see the myriad of emotions expressed by the children. This breadth of emotion helped reveal the children’s personalities. Many of the children stared passively, exhibiting a sense of fear about their occupations. I understand this neutrality as an acknowledgement that the children are aware that they are trapped and will never escape. Personally, the children who showed faces of anger and rage struck me as those who cannot comprehend the responsibility of their actions. At this young age, it is nearly impossible to understand the fragility of life and the consequences of killing another being. They are, therefore, a blank slate for militant leaders to abuse and shape into their pawns for war. To the rebel groups who use them, children are disconnected from the act of killing and will merely ‘pull the trigger’ and fail to understand the consequences. This use is a viable option for rebel groups who rely on kidnapping and trafficking...
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...There are an abundant amount of religious and glorified explanations of how our world has become present day. Society refers to these narratives as myths or legends. Mythology spreads all across the world reaching different cultures, which in their own have ideologies to the present common rituals beliefs that have brought their culture to present form. Although there has been much development in the culture of Chinese mythology, this culture can be traced back 4,000 years to the oldest of myths (Willis 88). Mythology tries to answer the question of earth’s origin through beliefs and cultural myths. In Chinese mythology the earth is said to have formed when chaos ruled the universe, from this chaos a cosmic egg formed for 18,000 years. A divine beast formed within the egg creating a perfect balance known as Yin and Yang. The divine beast burst the egg apart and separated Yin from Yang to create earth and sky. The Yin or light parts formed the male skies while the opaque Yang parts formed the female earth. The beast Pan Gu then lies down and dies so that he may rise up to keep the earth and sky apart. His body parts then become sun, earth, moon, wind, water, and clouds. The symbolism of complementary opposition is a representation of their duality and oneness and is represented in Chinese culture through the Yin and Yang symbol and is a staple in Chinese culture. Mythology has a strong belief in deities and supernatural beings. Pan Gu is a supernatural divine creature...
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