Premium Essay

Curriculum Studies

In:

Submitted By ayesha06
Words 3436
Pages 14
CURRICULUM

Introduction
As part of transforming South Africa, the educational landscape has undergone dramatic changes where ultimately teachers have to decide to either implement a curriculum as mandated or to adapt the curriculum to take into account their particular context. Teacher’s in South Africa battle on a daily basis with the effects of teaching large number of learners in an under-resourced context. Teachers are expected to adapt to those changes and such changes impact heavily on the roles of teachers in the classroom. They must find a way to facilitate teaching, learning and assessment despite difficult conditions. The gap between curriculum as intention and curriculum as reality confronts teachers regularly. The aim of this essay will address the narrow and broad definitions of the concept curriculum, as well as the official, explicit, implicit, covert and hidden curriculum as they are viewed by different authors.
Defining Curriculum

Two views on curriculum: Narrow and Broad
Many educationists argue that awareness of different interpretations is important in developing a Good understanding of what curriculum is (Booyse & Du plesis, 2014: 4). However they make a point that different approaches, either as a blue print or adaption approach, may be appropriate for different situations.
Take a closer look at the various interpretations:
Eisner (1985) defines curriculum as a series of planned events that are intended to have educational consequences for one or more learners, whereas Fraser (1993) interprets curriculum as the inter-related totality of aims, learning content, evaluation procedures and teaching-learning activities, opportunities and experiences that guide and implement didactic activities in a planned and justified manner (Booyse & Du Plesis, 2014:3-4). The above are narrower definitions as they focus on the intention

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

A Comparative Study of the Philippines and Usa B.S. Nursing Curriculum

...A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHILIPPINES AND U.S.A. B.S. NURSING CURRICULUM In Partial Fulfilment of The Final requirements for the Subject CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ________________________________________ Prepared and Submitted by: ROTSEN J. JAMBONGANA, RN CHARMAINE S. DACLES, RN ANA TESSA SOLIGUEN, RN STEPHANIE VARELA, RN TRACY SARMIENTO, RN MICHELLE CAñA, RN PEARL DOLALAS, RN ________________________________________ Respectfully Submitted to: MRS. MERLE SALVANI, MN Professor MASTER IN NURSING University of St. La Salle March 2011 Abstract At the undergraduate level, individual college and university administrations and faculties sometimes mandate core curricula, especially in the liberal arts. But because of increasing specialization and depth in the student's major field of study, a typical core curriculum in higher education mandates a far smaller proportion of a student's course work than a high school or elementary school core curriculum prescribes. In the United States, most control over education rests with the various state governments. Each state has different laws and objectives for education, but the states generally permit schools and colleges to operate with considerable independence and autonomy. As a result, American educational institutions can vary widely in the type and quality of their programs. To maintain consistent standards of education, the U.S. Department of Education officially recognizes private accrediting agencies...

Words: 3171 - Pages: 13

Free Essay

Structure & Development of the New South Wales (Nsw) Primary Curriculum

...Structure & Development of the New South Wales (NSW) Primary Curriculum The New South Wales Primary Curriculum provides the framework for the outcomes based education currently in use in all Public schools in New South Wales. This essay will present a brief overview of the structure, definition, goals, influences, processes and show how it meets the needs of current and future learners. Drawing from various sources, an examination of the curriculums content and foundation, will provide a snapshot of where the educational direction is headed. Curriculum Structure and Development In 2004 the Board of Studies NSW developed the consultation paper, Defining Mandatory Outcomes in the K–6 Curriculum, which also involved surveys, submissions and state-wide consultation meetings with teachers across NSW. This process helped to bring about the current NSW Primary Curriculum Foundations Statements. Collaborating with teachers and educational professionals the statements developed by the board of studies NSW give clear direction of what must be taught through each of the stages of learning in the K-6 curriculum (The Board of Studies NSW, 2007). The NSW Primary Curriculum is structured into six key learning areas (KLA’s), English; Mathematics; Science and Technology; Human Society and its Environment; Creative Arts; and Personal Development, Health and Physical Education (PDHPE). The KLA’s, along with the syllabus, remain at the core of planning and programming, and are broken...

Words: 2197 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Curriculum Relevance Bshrm

...ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the status of the BS HRM curriculum as evaluated by the 4th year BS HRM students. There were seventy (70) purposively selected respondents. A descriptive evaluative research design was used in the study. With the essential information needed to answer this study, the researchers employed questionnaires as the instruments in the data gathering procedure. The questionnaires consist of thirty-one (31) statements that evaluated the curriculum of the BS HRM. The researchers used frequency and weighted mean to analyze and accurately interpret the data gathered. The results of this study revealed that the respondents agreed on the positive aspects of the program content of BS HRM. There are also areas of the curriculum that needed to be revised, removed and added to the program. With the results of the study conducted, it is recommended that the Administrator of this program must give more attention on the curriculum in order for the students to be able to acquire the necessary learning for the course, as well as to lessen the subjects that are important. Furthermore, it is recommended for the future researchers to use this study in assessing the employment rate of students who graduated from the BS HRM program and to verify if the objectives stated from the program have been attained 1. Introduction Changing of curriculum for the past years is very usual and common in the academe. From the first curriculum of education...

Words: 2376 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Curriculum in Quality Education

...Curriculum In Quality Education By : Rohmat Muflikhul Huda 1. Introduction In education we are never separated from the curriculum. The basis for the creation of curriculum educational settings. The curriculum is said to be successful if the trip went smoothly, and can be said to be in accordance with the plan. However, the curriculum is said to fail when encountering many obstacles along the way that makes the pace of the curriculum itself becomes obstructed. There are at least 4 times a change of curriculum in Indonesia, that began 94 years, from 1994 to the enactment of curriculum, until now is curriculum 2013. I chose this topic, because of the many debates every time to discuss curriculum that affect the level or quality of education itself. Basically, the quality of education itself is not only influenced by the course curriculum, but the way teachers teach and also the effectiveness of the learning process also greatly affect the quality of education. That which will be discussed later in this article, so it is not just the curriculum that will be discussed in this article, but the effectiveness, a great system in education, and also a good way of how the education will also be discussed in this article. 2. Discussion Background Research Education is very important in the lives of individuals around the world. It is also generally recognized that education is a key element in the socio – economic nation building. Each level has its own...

Words: 1434 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Catholic Religion

...Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document Student’s Name Institution Exploring the Broken Bay Catholic Diocesan Religious Education Curriculum Document In Catholic schools, religious education is the first area of learning. Religious education enables children and the youth to justify, explain and understand Christian message and teachings as they are taught by the Catholic Church (Carswell, 2001). Religious education is taught to all those who follow and believe in Christ in the world. Through learning, students are taught research, guided on how to study and overall learn how Christians should live (Ryan, 2003). These students also get to know the distinctive vision of the Catholic Church. The Catholic curriculum systematically directs students and enhances them to reflect critically on the meaning of being a Catholic (Carswell, 2001). In Australia, Religious Education Curriculum is imperative, and a must learn program for all years of schooling. This Program, which is denoted as K-12 contains what is to be covered in the Religious curriculum (Ryan, 2003). Time allocations are prescribed to this curriculum about the age of the learners. This program is part of the learning experience and is mandated by Australian Bishops. Its primary objective is to raising religious knowledge and awareness. In Australia, Religious Education is an extremely acclaimed feature of the Australian Catholic schools through...

Words: 2261 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Malaysia

...REPUBLIC OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO MINISTRY OF EDUCATION SECONDARY EDUCATION MODERNIZATION PROGRAMME DRAFT SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM Form Three Mathematics Curriculum Development Division October 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS About this Draft i Foreword – A Note to Teachers iii Acknowledgements v PART ONE Introduction 1- 1 The Curriculum Underpinnings 1- 2 Philosophy of Education 1- 3 The Goals of Education 1- 5 The Essential Learning Outcomes 1- 6 The Curriculum Design and Development Process 1-11 PART TWO - CURRICULUM CONTENT Vision Statement 2- 2 Rationale for the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics 2- 3 Goals of the Mathematics Curriculum 2- 4 General Intended Outcomes For Forms I, II, and III. 2- 5 Connections to Other Core Curriculum Areas 2- 6 Framework for Mathematics for Forms I, II and III 2- 9 A General Curriculum Framework 2-11 Course Outline for Form III 2-12 PART THREE - STRATEGIES/METHODOLOGIES Teaching and Learning Strategies 3- 2 Suggested Activities 3- 6 Suggested Resources 3-15 PART FOUR - EVALUATION Elaboration of Assessment and Evaluation 4- 2 Evaluation Tools and Strategies 4- 5 Cross-referencing to Teachers’ Guide 4- 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 4- 9 ___________________________________ i ABOUT THIS DRAFT Under the umbrella of the Secondary Education Modernization Programme (SEMP), since the latter...

Words: 8704 - Pages: 35

Premium Essay

Curriculum

...factors influencing the emergence of the curriculum, models of curriculum design and the implication of curriculum evaluation. 1.1 Concept of curriculum There is no single definition of the curriculum .The most common definition of curriculum that most teachers give is that it is a syllabus or a program of study but this is an erroneous definition. For Taba (1962), it is a ‘plan for learning’, while Lawton describes the curriculum as “a selection from the culture of a society” (Lawton, 1975, p6). It has also been described as “a social and political construct that changes over time in response to a range of factors and influences” (Mc Cullock, 1992, p9). Hence, the term curriculum means different things for different people. While it is obvious that the curriculum is not neutral, its content and how it is transmitted depends on the kinds of interaction between curriculum developers, teachers and students. Stated differently, curricula emerges depending on the various ways curriculum developers, teachers and students interact with each other. In this essay, I will outline the internal and external factors that shape the interaction between the official curriculum, what is taught in secondary schools and learning that takes place in classrooms. Internal factors include the influences of philosophy, psychology and sociology, whereas external factors include the social, economic and political aspects that shape curriculum design. Two curriculum models, namely the rational and the dynamic...

Words: 4734 - Pages: 19

Free Essay

Factors Affecting the Study Habits of Pupils

...THE THESIS PROPOSAL: DESIGNING CURRICULUM Objectives of these Guidelines: These guidelines will prepare the student to be able to: 1. List and describe the chapters and subsections of a thesis proposal and a research report and their proper order. 2. Describe the characteristics of an appropriate proposal title. 3. Compare and contrast the styles appropriate for (1) a dissertation or thesis, (2) a research proposal, (3) a research report, (4) a professional paper, and (5) a journal article. CURRICULUM PROPOSAL OUTLINE Cover Page Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction (Need for the Study, Justification) Problem Statement Objectives Definitions of Terms Limitations of the Study Basic Assumptions Chapter 2 - Review of Literature (Can have sections deemed necessary) Chapter 3 - Procedures Curriculum Design Subject Selection Outcome Measures (of the project/thesis) Conditions of Presenting the Curriculum Treatments - What are the Unit(s)/Lessons? Evaluation (of the subjects after each lesson) *plus ** Chapter 4 presentation should follow the same sequence and topics as that presented in Chapter 3. ** Chapter 4 - Results (The actual unit(s) & lessons) Findings Relative to problem Field Test Results Summary of Data Chapter 5 - Discussion *Bibliography *Appendices ELEMENTS OF THE CURRICULUM PROPOSAL Cover Page Follow the style prescribed by the style manual suggested by the university...

Words: 2350 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Defining Curriculum

...DEFINING CURRICULUM AND THE APPROACHES QUESTION 1 The word "curriculum" has been and still is used to convey many different ideas and to signify many different things. The word's intended meaning actually differs depending on the speakers and writers and across place and time. The society, political situations, technological advancements, and philosophy not only influence today's curriculum, but they influence each other as well. Each affects and is also effected by one or more of the other therefore because of this, the concept of curriculum is sometimes characterized as fragmentary, elusive and confusing. However, the numerous definitions indicate change that brings about diverse interpretations of what curriculum is all about. The definitions are influenced by modes of thoughts, pedagogies and political as well as cultural experiences. According to Elliot Eisner (1985) defined curriculum as a series of planned events that are intended to have educational consequences for one or more learners of which I do agree with his statement because as an educator because we cannot cover the whole syllabus so we plan ahead on what we are going to cover and what not to cover which leads to us being in control of all the events in the learning process for one or more of our learners. Fraser (1993) views curriculum with a much wider interpretation as the interrelated totality of aims, learning content, evaluation procedures and teacher-learning activities, opportunities and experiences...

Words: 2683 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Curriculum Sheet

...|CURRICULUM |DATE |LEGAL BASIS |RATIONALE |FEATURES |FEEDBACK |MAJOR CRITICISM | |Secondary Education Development |1987 |The 1987 Constitution |“basic intellectual skills and |SSEDP is a response to the following |The programs RSEP, PROPED, NSEC, |The first issue is the role of | |Program (SEDP) | |Article 14 sec. 1 states |learning tools to continue |needs: |and SEDP all lead to the |education in national | | | |that “the state shall |learning and the values for |Continue the pupil development started|Secondary Education Development |development. Several researchers | | | |protect and promote the |successfully living lives in the|by the Program for Decentralize |and Improvement Project SEDIP |had delved into the different | | | |right of all citizens to |society” |Educational Development (PRODED) |(2000-2006). SEDIP is similar to |components affecting the | | | |quality education at all | |Improve the quality...

Words: 1966 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Curriculum Approaches and Design

...I. INTRODUCTION The role of curriculum in educating the students is a dynamic process that seeks to cope with the changes in our society. Understanding the traditional and emerging concepts of curriculum as well as the factors that affect its development will guide the educators to respond to the needs of the learners. In planning, constructing and evaluating a curriculum, educators and curriculum practitioners may use one or more approaches. The contrasting approaches that are generally used in curriculum development are Technical/Scientific Approach and Non-technical/Non-scientific Approach. In scrutinizing these approaches, the advantages and disadvantages are revealed and the differences they generate in creating a curriculum. According to Bago (2008), information about personal and collective commitments to a particular viewpoint and the values considered important by individuals, school, and society are exposed when examining an approach. Curriculum can also be designed based on a particular context. It solely depends upon the elements namely: contemplation of aims, projected learning outcomes, syllabus, learning and teaching methods, and assessment. There are three common patterns to design a curriculum: through subject – centered, experience – centered, and problem – centered. These are incorporated into the curriculum by looking into its possible effects to the certain elements mentioned above. A design that addresses to the conceptual framework of science education...

Words: 3312 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Auditing

...industry | | | * Conduct an interview with the instructors handling the above mentioned courses regarding their strategies in teaching. | | Level of Effectiveness: 2The strategies/ teaching activities plotted on the syllabi are not fully implemented as scheduled due to time constraints. | | | * Observe classes of the 4 courses regarding the interactive relationship of the students and instructors | | Level of Effectiveness: 3There is an interactive participation of students during the class discussions. | 1.2. Integrate in the curriculum the courses for general, organizational/business, information technology and accounting/finance knowledge. | To determine the integration of the courses in the student curriculum. | * Obtain a copy of the curriculum of the student used in the Academic Year 2015-2016 and check the subject scheduling | | Level of Effectiveness: 3All the subjects are integrated in the student’s curriculum. | 2.1 Ignite in students their intellectual ability through examination in every term, oral recitation, quizzes and other academic activities conducted by the program. | To determine whether students participate in the various activities that develop...

Words: 1280 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Technology in Curriculum Development

...TECHNOLOGY IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Introduction Technology can no longer be ignored at this point in time of our lives. Truly, technology is and has been incorporated into and has shaped our society. Technology affects numerous components and institutions of the society including education. Thereby, adult education is neither exempt nor immune to its effects. Integration and inclusion of technology to adult education facilitates learning within the adult learners rather than hindering it (Wang, 2011). However, inclusion and integration of technology into adult education has faced several challenges from the people involved in it to the institution that comprise such a sector of education. Most of the write-ups and research have been focused on the teacher who needs to have and/or be equipped with knowledge in technology as well as the acceptance and readiness of the adult students towards technology integration as well as on the digital division that technology might do to the society (Johnson, 2011; Langille, 2004; Kok, 2006). However, all of such challenges have been answered already or continuously answered wherein most scholars agreed that technology does have more beneficial effects than bad ones. Seldom focused on the curriculum development of the adult education wherein it is one of the vital factors to which the teachers and adult students have and are basing their pedagogies and learning. Curriculum comes from a Latin word currere which means to run but more...

Words: 2286 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Interview with Curriculum Specialist

...ED 681: Assignment 2 Interview with Curriculum Specialist Beth Foster July 2, 2015 I had the pleasure of interviewing Laura Espinosa, Elementary Science Resource Teacher, Anne Arundel County Public Schools (AACPS). Part A: Interview Questions 1. What is your current position, and what is your role with respect to curriculum planning, development, and/or implementation for your school system? I am the AACPS Science Resource Teacher. I work specifically with Elementary schools, but also have some duties related to Middle and High schools. I am part of the committee who picks curriculum writers from the applications. I also prepare the professional development for the teachers, prepare the templates they will be working with, create the timeline, set goals, make assignments, establish protocol for the finished product and work environment, as well as oversea and edit work prior to being turned in for print. 2. Based upon your experiences as an educator, how would you describe the purpose of education in our society? What do you feel are the major influences on what happens in the educational community? I feel the purpose of education in society is to help all students realize their full potential in being a successful and contributing member of society. The major influences include the political climate, technological advances, and community values and expectations. 3. To what extent do you feel the curriculum of your school (school system) is consistent...

Words: 4411 - Pages: 18

Free Essay

Essay

...education that students are introduced to, is steadily paving way to a whole new type of education with a special focus to incorporate three major genres of education: reasoning, psychomotor and emotional learning.   Education is a pretty broad concept that surpasses the four walls of a classroom. The core aim of education is to fosterall round development of a child. All round development essentially means intellectual, physical, moral, sensible and social development. All round development can be achieved only through education. Education plays a fundamental role in the making of a man and his development as a culturally well developed social animal. To fulfil these objectives, there is a prime need of striking a balance between syllabus, curriculum, books and also co-curricular activities beyond that. Co-Curricular activities are those which are undertaken side by side with the curricular activities. A co-curricular activity essentially takes place outside a typical pen and pencil classroom experience. It gives the students an opportunity to develop particular skills and exhibit their non-academic abilities. These activities might be compulsory, such as music, art or drama classes that take place during the day. Others generally are voluntary, such as participating in school sports team, school debating team or student newsletters. In either case, participation can assist students in more than one ways. They actually complement the curricular activities and groom the students...

Words: 973 - Pages: 4