...Organized Crime and Cyber-Crime: Implications for Business Phil Williams, CERT® Coordination Center Introduction The capabilities and opportunities provided by the Internet have transformed many legitimate business activities, augmenting the speed, ease, and range with which transactions can be conducted while also lowering many of the costs. Criminals have also discovered that the Internet can provide new opportunities and multiplier benefits for illicit business. The dark side of the Internet involves not only fraud and theft, pervasive pornography and pedophile rings, but also drug trafficking and criminal organizations that are more concerned about exploitation than the kind of disruption that is the focus of the intruder community. In the virtual world, as in the real world, most criminal activities are initiated by individuals or small groups and can best be understood as “disorganized crime.” Yet there is growing evidence that organized crime groups or mafias are exploiting the new opportunities offered by the Internet. Organized crime and cyber-crime will never be synonymous – most organized crime will continue to operate in the real world rather than the cyber-world and most cyber-crime will continue to be the result of individuals rather than criminal organizations per se. Nevertheless, the degree of overlap between the two phenomena is likely to increase considerably in the next few years. This is something that needs to be recognized by business...
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...Trends in Cybercrime-“Sextortion” in Teens and Children Curtis M. Styles CJA/570 April 23, 2012 Ray Gagne Trends in Cybercrime-"Sextortion" in Teens and Children Electronic methods of committing crimes in society today, is generally a new phenomenon. Modern crimes directed against the operation of computer technology itself, presents new crimes that are as new as contemporary technology. The Internet has opened a variety of new rooms for cybercriminals to commit cyber-based terrorist attempts, computer intrusions, and major cyberfrauds. Cyberextortion is an outsider threat designed to obtain money, products, or favorable considerations from an organization or individuals by using illegal means of persuasion related to computer intrusion (Cybercrime Investigation & Intelligence, 2012). This paper addresses the relatively new form of sexual exploitation called “sextortion” that has emerged on the cybersex crime scene recently, and its affect upon teenagers and children. In addition, the paper addresses the dangers of scams associated with “sextortion”, its criminal profile, law enforcement initiatives to combat “sextortion”, and the penalties for committing these types of crimes. “Sextortion” is a method of sexual exploitation in which individuals are extorted with nude images of themselves shared online over the Internet. Texting has become the modern day method of communication among teens and children, and in the case of “sextortion” these images are displayed...
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... RECENT TREND OF CYBER CRIME IN BANGLADESH : LAWS AND PRACTICES GOLAM RABBANI Student of LLM Roll 10119032 Department of Law Rajshahi University BANGLADESH E-mail: g.rabbani.law@gmail.com Recent Trend Of Cyber Crime In Bangladesh : Laws & Practices INTRODUCTION The development in information technology and electronic media especially from 1980`s onwards have given raised to a new variety of computer related crimes which are commonly called cyber-crime. The cyber-crime may be done by using computer only, but this crime may be done very easily by using internet. Cyber crime or computer crime refers to any crime that involves a computer and a networks. Some authorities feel that the term cyber-crime is misnomer as this term is nowhere defined in any statutes or act enacted by the Parliament. In a sense is radically different from the concept of conventional crime in so far as both include conduct whether act or omission which causes breach of law and therefore, it is punishable by the state. It is not surely said that, from when the cybercrime was started but in 1999 at Tywan a virus was attracted named CIH, made the topic of cyber-crime familiar to the whole world. In the present time people become more dependent on computer and internet, as result, we can’t not think our daily activities without this technological help. For this reason, some self-gainer people chose this technological way to make any crime easily. For...
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...Is Cyber crime a serious and growing threat? 1. INTRODUCTION Cyber crime cannot be clearly defined but all the definitions that are attributed to it basically boil down to the following: “an unlawful act wherein the computer is either a tool or a target or both" (Dubey 2004). On the other hand, ‘threat’, in this context, can be construed as “something likely to cause damage or danger” (Online dictionary 2014). Generally speaking, any unlawful act is expected to cause harm and cyber crime is no exception to this general rule. It has been noted that since the public release of the World Wide Web in 1991, the Internet has known an explosive expansion and continuous upgrading. Unfortunately, cyber crime has also gained in preponderance and sophistication in direct correlation with this Internet revolution. Given its stealth characteristics coupled with its alleged multifaceted implications in terms of both financial loss and security issues, cyber crime has already got the legitimate recognition of a growing and serious threat by the various stakeholders concerned. The only contentious issue is perhaps the monetary quantification ascribed to the resulting damages which is often greeted with much skepticism. 2. CATEGORIES OF CYBER CRIME Indeed, cyber crime does not lend itself to a narrow definition and is generally classified into four categories; that is, crimes committed against the individual, property, organisation and society (Mali 2009). This classification also gives...
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...Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation John Doe CJA/394 January 21, 2012 Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation There is no discrepancy that crime has continued to hinder society. It was at the urging of the Social Commission that the actual number of crimes became a priority so that facts and statistics could be developed. These first statistics were recorded and began nearly sixty years ago. The results show a continuous increase in crime. When the first studies were conducted the crime trends included larceny, physical assaults, and homicide. As time progressed, the studies broadened to include organized crime from street gangs to mafia’s, and trafficking of illegal drugs as well as humans. The only significant difference from the crime of the past and criminal elements society contends with today is that the illegal activity of organized crime groups is not as blatantly obvious as it once was (Economic and Social Council, 2011). The following information will discuss crime trends and the impact they have within the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is an intricate part of society and it is essential that this system remains capable of adequately dealing with the latest crime trends. One large difference between yesteryears crimes and today’s are the involvements of human lives and the World Wide Web. The trafficking of people from all age groups from city to city and even between countries has become easier with the utilization of the internet. Robberies...
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...Cyber Crime Research Presentation by the Australian Institute of Criminology Dr Russell G Smith Principal Criminologist The Australian Institute of Criminology • Australia's national research and knowledge centre on crime and justice • Core funding from the Australian Government, with income for contract research from public and private sectors • Criminology Research Advisory Council representing all jurisdictions • Staff of 30 academic researchers and 25 support staff – total 55 Cyber crime research Research questions • • • • • • • • • • How are cyber crimes committed (e.g. credit cards, internet)? How many crimes are committed and what are the crime trends? Who commits them and why do people commit them? How much money is at stake, lost and recovered? How can such crime be reduced – by prevention or punishment? Online and desk-based reviews of books, reports and articles Legislative and case-law analysis, including sentencing research Consultations with business, government and the community Surveys of households, businesses, offenders and victims Analysis of media reporting of crime Research methods Dissemination of findings • Reports, books, articles, conference papers, roundtables, online, media Cyber crime concepts Organised Crime e.g. OMCGs Identity Crime Cyber Crime e.g. off-line crimes e.g. ID theft Internet Crime e.g. Offensive Content Phishing Financial Crime e.g. Home renovation scams A chronology of cyber crime Cloud...
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...------------------------------------------------- Cyber security and its challenges to society Final Project Report Group Members Abdul Majid Qayyum Umair Arshad Hasnat Ahmed Gulraiz Shabbir Contents Introduction: 3 Why is cyber security important? 4 The Impact of Cyber Security 5 The Cultural Impact 5 The Official Impact 5 The Solution Impact 5 Defining Cyber Security 6 Technology & Modern Life 6 What is Cyberspace? 6 What is Cyber Warfare? 6 Cyber is not Hype 7 What Cyber Security Isn’t 7 Cyber-crime 8 Types of Cyber-crimes 8 Hacking: 8 Theft: 8 Cyber Stalking: 9 Identity Theft: 9 Malicious Software: 9 Child soliciting and Abuse: 9 Cyber Bullying 10 Causes of Cyber-crime 10 History of Cyber-crime 10 Cyber-crime in Modern Society 11 Categories of Cyber-crime 11 Individual: 12 Property: 12 Government: 12 How to Tackle Cyber-crime 12 RECENT SURVEY ISSUES ON CYBER SECURITY TRENDS 14 Mobile Devices and Apps 14 Social Media Networking 14 Cloud Computing 14 Protect systems rather Information 15 New Platforms and Devices 15 Everything Physical can be Digital 15 Survey Questions 16 Conclusion 16 Cyber Security and its Challenges to Society Introduction: Over the past several years, experts and policy makers have expressed increasing concerns about protecting internet from cyber-attacks—deliberate attempts by unauthorized persons to access. Many experts expect the number and severity of cyber-attacks to increase over the next several years....
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...Cyber-Crime Trends In the dawn of the 21st century, the evolution of new technology and science concepts have made changes to everyone’s daily life. Cyber-crimes are a creature that did not exist 15-plus years ago. Back in the day, before technology, were only the conventional crimes such as illegal behaviors people thought were criminal behaviors. However, in today’s time an individual must be extremely careful because not only are people combating traditional crimes but cyber-crimes as well. Cyber-crimes are the newest and most complicated crimes for the new century. A cyber crime is an individual conducting actions such as disrupting communications and devices, disrupting networks, Internet, and telephone; both landlines and mobile. Individuals of various ages are committing cyber crimes because these types’ crimes are easier to commit than the traditional kidnapping, murder, or human trafficking. According to Parthasarati (n. d.), cyber criminals fall into one of four categories or groups including children and adolescents between ages six to 18, organized hackers, professional hackers/crackers, and the discontent employee(s). The child or adolescent will partake in such behaviors to prove his or her self superior or outstanding over other individual in his or her age group. The organized hacker will want to fulfill objectives such as political bias and fundamentalism to name a couple. The professional hacker/cracker obtains motivation from money and are individual(s) employed...
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...in a number of ways. It is threatening individuals by letting cybercriminals gain access to sensitive information that can cause harm to innocent people. It is also creating threats to our younger generations that are unable to cope with the high emotions of social media sites. Individuals are being lured by fake profiles or fake people who would do harm to them. Computer crimes are on the rise. Law enforcements and agencies are doing everything they can to prevent the spread of these crimes. They have created special task divisions to protect our society better. New laws have been put to place to protect U.S citizens better. The four categories of crime: the computer as a target, the computer as an instrument, the computer as incidental to a crime, and crimes associated with prevalence of computer show that everyone can fall victim to some cybercrime. The computer as a target The computer as a target in cybercrime is what today’s society fears. Examples that are considered the computer being a target are denial of service attack, data alteration, and intrusion. Denial of service is when cyber criminals deny users to access to a machine or network. An example of this is when Yahoo was hacked into, and users could not open the website for a couple of hours until Yahoo had fixed the issue. Yahoo’s denial of service attack is a great example because it showed society that even big names are susceptible to being attacked. I believe intrusion is what fears most of today’s...
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...Abstract Cybercrime is a crime committed on the Internet using the computer as a tool and in some cases a targeted victim. The term “cyber” is a misdemeanor and is not defined (Dashora, 2011). Cybercrime is similar to conventional crime both include acts and commissions that are a breach of law counterbalanced by sanctions from the state. Cybercrime is the latest and most complicated problem in the cyber- world. Illegal methods of cybercrime are financial crimes, pornography, online gambling, intellectual property crime, e-mail spoofing, forgery, cyber-defamation, and cyber- stalking (Dashora, 2008). Cyber-Crimes and the Advancement of Technology In modern day, the economy is doing poorly and unemployment rates are at its highest. Individuals are struggling to obtain a job that pays well. It is sad to know that criminals are taking advantage of other individuals but these criminals never think about how they are hurting others by what they do. Cyber-crimes have become so popular in other countries and money laundering is a type of cyber-crime that has become a huge issue over the years. Today’s technology has made it easier for criminals to commit cyber-crimes because he or she does not have to expose his or her face because of the Internet. The new trend is for scammers to solicit through e-mails about job offers to trick individuals into falling for payment transfer scams (Hoax-Slayer, 2012). The recipient does not notice that he or she has committed a money laundering...
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...Future of Policing CJS/210 June 10th, 2013 There are many trends that are currently affecting policing in today’s society. Police officers have to deal with different issues that come their way like human trafficking, drug trafficking, and many of gangs. The many trends that police are dealing with are getting worst by the minute. Trends that are currently affecting policing are human trafficking, gangs, illegal migrations and drug trafficking. Sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and unknown labor all fall under human trafficking. Federally funded human trafficking task forces opened a total of 2,515 suspected incidents of human trafficking for investigation between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2010 (BJS, 2013). Out of the 2,515 of human trafficking sex trafficking had the most incident totaling at 2,065. Sex trafficking has become a trend that the police cannot stop. There are so many people out there kidnapping runaway victim to make money. They are having young runaway victim sell their body for their personal gain. In the street police officer like to call them pimps or madams. Pimp is a man who solicits for a prostitute or brothel and lives off the earnings. Madam is a woman who runs a brothel. Labor trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery in which individuals perform labor or services through the use of force, fraud, or coercion. Labor trafficking includes situations of debt bondage, forced labor, and involuntary child labor. 350 were labor trafficking cases...
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...Future of Policing CJS/210 There are many trends that are currently affecting policing in today’s society. Police officers have to deal with different issues that come their way like human trafficking, drug trafficking, and many of gangs. The many trends that police are dealing with are getting worst by the minute. Trends that are currently affecting policing are human trafficking, gangs, illegal migrations and drug trafficking. Sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and unknown labor all fall under human trafficking. Federally funded human trafficking task forces opened a total of 2,515 suspected incidents of human trafficking for investigation between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2010 (BJS, 2011). Out of the 2,515 of human trafficking sex trafficking had the most incident totaling at 2,065. Sex trafficking has become a trend that the police cannot stop. There are so many people out there kidnapping runaway victim to make money. They are having young runaway victim sell their body for their personal gain. In the street police officer like to call them pimps or madams. Pimp is a man who solicits for a prostitute or brothel and lives off the earnings. Madam is a woman who runs a brothel. Labor trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery in which individuals perform labor or services through the use of force, fraud, or coercion. Labor trafficking includes situations of debt bondage, forced labor, and involuntary child labor. 350 were labor trafficking case out of the 2,515. Unknown...
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...e-commerce Trends ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Risks .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Cost of Cybercrime........................................................................................................................................ 6 Prevention Steps ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 10 References .................................................................................................................................................. 11 1 Importance of IT Security Introduction For the business professional information technology (IT) security is of upmost importance. The reliance that companies have on information systems in conducting everyday business transactions has facilitated the need for increased security measures. The losses that a company can incur due to data breaches, denial of service attacks, malware, or ransomware can be devastating. This paper will highlight the different types of security breaches, the costs incurred due to cyber-crime...
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...Title: Student: Professor: Course Title: Date: Topic: Information Law Cyber crime involves criminal activities conducted using the internet and both the computer together with the individual behind it are victims. The Australian Institute of Criminology (2011) finds cyber crime to include fraud, hacking, money laundering and theft, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, child sexual exploitation, child grooming and identity theft. The crimes mostly go unreported making it hard to quantify (Australian Institute of Criminology, 2011). However, the most common cyber crime incidents remain malware code and virus attacks that corrupt software. The Australian Cyber crime Act which was assented in 2001 and commenced on 2 April 2002 added new offences streamlined to check on those kinds of cyber crime that impair the security, integrity and reliability of computer data and electronic communications. They are; a) Unauthorized access, modification or impairment with intent to commit a serious offence, b) Unauthorized modification of data where the person is reckless as to whether the modification will impair data, c) Unauthorized impairment of electronic communications. There is a maximum penalty for these offences. Investigation powers relating to search and seizure of electronically stored data have been increased (Find Law Australia, 2012). Culprits of cybercrime can ignore the realms of Australian jurisdiction and launch an attack from anywhere in the world or even design attacks that seem...
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...The Role of Federal Agencies in Fighting Digital Crime Abstract The United States of America is the most connected and technologically advanced country in the world. The genius of our electrical engineers, computer scientists, and technology companies has helped to change the way that the world does business, made our daily lives safer and more enjoyable, and brought the world closer together. Albeit, these are remarkable innovations, but they have unfortunately given criminals, terrorists, and hostile states new opportunities to steal American property, disrupt our way of life, and compromise our National security. This paper will attempt to show the roles and challenges of law enforcement agencies such as the Secret Service, FBI, Department of Homeland Security, and others that have taken on roles to fight computer crimes and terrorism. This paper will also discuss how the U.S. could align the efforts of these agencies to better protect the nation against digital crimes and terrorism. Keywords: law enforcers, national security, protect, crime The Role of Federal Agencies in Fighting Digital Crime Cyber crooks are always working to steal the privacy and money of hard-working Americans. The computers of American consumers are subject to endless scams and schemes achieved by malicious e-mails, malware turning their computers into unwitting bots that send out unwanted spam, or the plethora of identity theft conjured up by these crooks to steal hard-working people’s...
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