...Reaction Mechanisms Steady-State Approximation A Model for Chemical Kinetics Catalysis CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M 1 Reaction Rates: Example Recap: Avg. Reaction rate = +∆[Product]/∆t Avg. Reaction rate = -∆[Reactant]/∆t Butane, C4 H 10, burns in oxygen to give CO2 and H2 O vapor. If the butane concentration is decreasing at a rate of 0.20 M/s, what is the rate at which the oxygen is decreasing? What is the rate at which the products are increasing? 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) Week 15 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g) 2 CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M Reaction Rates: Example Butane, C4 H 10, burns in oxygen to give CO2 and H2 O vapor. If the butane concentration is decreasing at a rate of 0.20 M/s, what is the rate at which the oxygen is decreasing? What is the rate at which the products are increasing? 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) 0.20 M/s For oxygen: 0.20 mol C4 H 10 Ls Week 15 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g) ? ? ? x 13 mol O2 2 mol C4 H 10 CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M = 1.3 M O2 /s 3 1 Reaction Rates: Example Butane, C4 H 10, burns in oxygen to give CO2 and H2 O vapor. If the butane concentration is decreasing at a rate of 0.20 M/s, what is the rate at which the oxygen is decreasing? What is the rate at which the products are increasing? 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) 0.20 M/s For CO2: 0.20 mol C4 H 10 Ls Week 15 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g) ? ? 1.3M/s x 8 mol CO2 2 mol C4 H 10 CHEM 1310 - Sections L and M = 0.80 M CO2/s 4 Reaction Rates: Example Butane, C4 H...
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...Eph receptor-ephrin system: the link between adhesion and signaling Introduction: The Eph receptors constitute the largest family of tyrosine kinases receptors, and with their ligands the ephrins are implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic patterning, axon guidance, migration, adhesion, angiogenesis and cancer(Pasquale, 2010). The Eph/ephrin complexes are generally formed at sites of cell-cell contact where receptor and ligand reside in apposed cell membranes providing juxtacrine signaling and cell-cell anchorage (Marquardt et al., 2005; Qi et al., 2001). In humans there are nine EphA receptors (EphA1-EphA9) that can interact with five GPI-linked ephrin-A ligands (ephrin-A1-A5) and five EphB receptors (EphB1-EphB5) that bind to three transmembrane ephrins-B ligands (ephrin-B1-B3), which in some cases one Eph receptor of one class binds ephrins of the other class(Himanen et al., 2004; Pasquale, 2008) as shown by the interaction and activation of the EphB2 receptor by the ephrin-A5 ligand. The extracellular Eph region contains a conserved N-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD), an adjacent cysteine-rich domain (CRD), followed by two fibronectin repeats (FN3)(Lackmann et al., 1998). The cytoplasmic region is formed by a regulatory juxtamembrane region that connects to the kinase domain, a sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain and a C-terminal PDZ-domain recognition motif. Crystal structures have shown that in addition to the two contact surfaces...
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...Nutrition for Performance CRN: 6978 October 7, 2013 ------------------------------------------------- Testosterone ------------------------------------------------- History & Uses Scott Livingston How did knowledge of testosterone come about? Well, in 1849 Arnold Berthold, a German scientist conducted the first formal experiment pertaining to hormones. He noticed that chickens that were castrated during development grew up to be passive (lacking fighting and mating behaviors) compared to normal roosters. Arnold Berthold decided to implant testes into the abdomens of castrated chickens. The chickens with implanted testes grew up to behave like normal roosters. Thus, Berthold concluded that the testes much secret some sort of substance since they were not connected to nerves. He said, “ The testes act upon the blood, and the blood acts upon the whole organism.” (Berthold, 1849). In 1889 Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard, a Harvard professor, decided to inject himself with substance containing extracts from guinea pig and dog testicles; he called this concoction a “rejuvenating elixir” (Brown-Séquard, 1889). Brown-Séquard published in The Lancet that his energy, vigor, and overall health were restored, but the effects did not last long; Brown-Séquard attributed this to placebo effect. Because of these findings, Brown-Séquard was mocked by his colleagues, forcing him to give up on his research. In 1927 Fred C. Koch, a professor at the University of Chicago, realized...
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...1 1 Fundamentals of Semiconductor Electrochemistry and Photoelectrochemistry Krishnan Rajeshwar The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.5 1.6 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.7.5 Introduction and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electron Energy Levels in Semiconductors and Energy Band Model . The Semiconductor–Electrolyte Interface at Equilibrium . . . . . . . . The Equilibration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Depletion Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mapping of the Semiconductor Band-edge Positions Relative to Solution Redox Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface States and Other Complications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charge Transfer Processes in the Dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Current-potential Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dark Processes Mediated by Surface States or by Space Charge Layer Recombination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rate-limiting Steps in Charge Transfer Processes in the Dark . . . . . Light Absorption by the Semiconductor Electrode and Carrier Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Light Absorption...
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... Bùi Sim Sim Có một tình yêu không tên Có một nỗi nhớ gọi là hạnh phúc Có một người anh gọi là tri kỉ Để nhưng phút lặng thầm gọi tên em Cuộc đời là nhưng lúc không bình yên Nhưng lúc đó anh mới biết mình cần người tri kỉ Để đêm về thôi không còn lạnh nữa Một vầng trăng sáng tỏ giữ đêm khuya Được quen em biết và yêu em Đó có phải là duyên hay số Nhưng anh biết ngày mai dù bão tố Bên cạnh anh vẫn sẽ là em ! some people fell the rain,others just get wet Từ ấy trong tôi bừng nắng hạ Mặt trời chân lý chói qua tim Hồn tôi là một vườn hoa lá Rất đậm hương và rộn tiếng chim... Tôi buộc lòng tôi với mọi người Để tình trang trải với trăm nơi Để hồn tôi với bao hồn khổ Gần gũi nhau thêm mạnh khối đời. Tôi đã là con của vạn nhà Là em của vạn kiếp phôi pha Là anh của vạn đầu em nhỏ Không áo cơm, cù bất cù bơ... Ngày vẫn nắng sao lòng lại đổ mưa Phố vẫn đông sao bàn chân lẻ bước Hai số phận , hai đường đi trái ngược Miệng mỉm cười sao lệ đổ hàng mi.... Vẫn còn đây, 1000 hạc giấy Thay lời yêu, em gấp tặng đôi mình Chỉ trách tình yêu, không như ước định Để suốt đời này, hạc giấy lặng thinh! Bảo nó là về nhà má nấu cho mấy món mà ăn kiểu gì con cũng thích: - Gà hầm sâm bà chỉm - Cá chà bu nướng muối ớt - Chim cú bặc tứ xuyên - Lẩu cá chà bặc và cao ông tù Bảo nó mấy món này phải nấu = lò tôn và dùng cồn lào mới thấy ngon -Tráng miệng = món lặc cau. Kiểu gì nó cũng thích má 1. Tháng trước vợ cho một triệu tiêu vặt, cuối tháng...
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...------------------------------------------------- Cavite State University – Bacoor Campus ------------------------------------------------- Phase II, Soldiers Hills IV, Molino VI, City of Bacoor, Cavite The Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Pechay (Brassica rapa L.) Under Drought Stress Condition Research Project on General Biology Presented by: Lozanta, Rose Ann E. Villaflor, Jemeul M. BSE 1 – 1 E Submitted to: Ms. Carol Tamayo Biology Instructor Abstract The assessment of the effects of vermicompost as organic fertilizer and urea as inorganic fertilizer on pechay (Brassica rapa L.) under drought stress condition was obtained through experimental method using fertilization technique. This study will help to determine if the two fertilizers can extend the life of the pechay during drought. The study was conducted under two trials with the same technique using three set ups. The two set ups were put with the respective fertilizer while the other one have no fertilizer and will be watered regularly to serve as control variable. To evaluate the effects, changes were measured in terms of plant height, leaf area length, number of leaves per plant, texture, color and size of stem. The result of variance analysis showed that putting fertilizers on pechay under drought stress condition had significantly affected its growth and can lead into death of the plants. It strongly shows that using fertilizer on plants during drought is not advisable. Table of Contents Page Title Page ...
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...December 2015 - FINAL EXAMINATION SCHEDULE Please verify the location of your exam below. CAREFULLY ensure that you note the correct room according to your LAST NAME ACCT Sec Title ACCT 351 001 Intermediate Financial Acct 1 ACCT 351 Time Prof. FROM Dec 21 6 pm Tsang Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 20-30 002 Intermediate Financial Acct 1 Dec 21 6 pm Tsang Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 20-30 ACCT 351 003 Intermediate Financial Acct 1 Dec 21 6 pm Tsang Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 20-30 ACCT 352 001 Intermediate Financial Acct 2 Dec 21 9 am Cecere Aaa - Zzz ENGTR 0100 ACCT 354 001 Financial Statement Analysis Dec 22 2 pm Scott Aaa - Zzz GYM Fieldhouse 28-31 ACCT 354 002 Financial Statement Analysis Dec 22 2 pm Scott Aaa - Zzz GYM Fieldhouse 28-31 ACCT 361 001 Management Accounting Dec 11 2 pm Parent Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 1-11 ACCT 361 002 Management Accounting Dec 11 2 pm Parent Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 1-11 ACCT 361 003 Management Accounting Dec 11 2 pm Parent Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym 1-11 ACCT 362 001 Cost Accounting Dec 17 2 pm Levy Aaa - Zzz GYM Studio 1 1-3 ACCT 385 001 Principles of Taxation Dec 15 2 pm Goldsman Aaa - Zzz GYM BLEACHERS 1-5 ACCT 385 002 Principles of Taxation Dec 15 2 pm Goldsman Aaa - Zzz GYM BLEACHERS 1-5 ACCT 453 001 Advanced Financial Accountin Dec 14 9 am Scott Aaa - Zzz GYM main gym ACCT 463 001 Management Control Dec 11 2 pm Levy Aaa - Zzz GYM Studio 2...
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...579 Atomic force microscopy and other scanning probe microscopies Helen G Hansma and Lía Pietrasanta The highlight of the past year is the unfolding and refolding of the muscle protein titin in the atomic force microscope. A related highlight in the intersection between experiment and theory is a recent review of the effects of molecular forces on biochemical kinetics. Other advances in scanning probe microscopy include entropic brushes, molecular sandwiches and applications of atomic force microscopy to gene therapy. Address Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 1998, 2:579–584 http://biomednet.com/elecref/1367593100200579 © Current Biology Ltd ISSN 1367-5931 Abbreviations AFM atomic force microscopy/microscope SFM scanning force microscopy/microscope SICM scanning ion conductance microscopy/microscope SPM scanning probe microscopy/microscope STM scanning tunneling microscopy/microscope A new journal, Probe Microscopy, was launched in 1997 as a forum specifically devoted to the science and technology of SPM. AFM and SFM have been also newsworthy items in Science and Nature in the past year [14••,15•–17•,18••,19]. An introduction to AFM is covered well in a recent issue of Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, which describes and illustrates the design and mode of operation of AFM [4••]. The AFM images sample surfaces by raster-scanning a sharp tip back and forth over the surface. The tip is on...
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...Journal of Controlled Release 113 (2006) 189 – 207 www.elsevier.com/locate/jconrel Review Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy: A pharmaceutical perspective D. Venkat Ratnam, D.D. Ankola, V. Bhardwaj, D.K. Sahana, M.N.V. Ravi Kumar ⁎ Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase-X, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India - 160062 Received 31 January 2006; accepted 26 April 2006 Available online 13 May 2006 Abstract Antioxidants are emerging as prophylactic and therapeutic agents. These are the agents, which scavenge free radicals otherwise reactive oxygen species and prevent the damage caused by them. Free radicals have been associated with pathogenesis of various disorders like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and are implicated in aging. Several antioxidants like SOD, CAT, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, lycopene, ellagic acid, coenzyme Q10, indole-3-carbinol, genistein, quercetin, vitamin C and vitamin E have been found to be pharmacologically active as prophylactic and therapeutic agents for above mentioned diseases. Antioxidants are part of diet but their bioavailability through dietary supplementation depends on several factors. This major drawback of dietary agents may be due to one or many of the several factors like poor solubility, inefficient permeability, instability due to storage of food, first pass effect and GI degradation. Conventional...
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...MSc Biotechnology, Bioprocessing & Business Management 2014/15 Module name and number Fundamentals of Biotechnology: BS934 Assignment title Antimicrobials Student Number 1464986 Word Count 2470 The article will initially cover conventional antibiotics and how their abuse led to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Alternative antimicrobials will be reviewed by taking into consideration their mechanisms of action and how they can represent a viable option to address the issue of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial Background ------------------------------------------------- Figure 1: Structure of penicillin and β-lactam ring (Adapted from LNLS, 2013) ------------------------------------------------- Figure 1: Structure of penicillin and β-lactam ring (Adapted from LNLS, 2013) Antimicrobials are substances that kill or suppress microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses (EPA, 2014). The first evidence of antimicrobials dates back to the Egyptians who used mouldy bread to treat surface infections (Wainwright, 1989). At the beginning of the 20th century, Paul Ehrlich synthesized the first antimicrobial agent known as Salvarsan, a drug used for treating syphilis (Aminov, 2010). Successively Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by noticing that the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited in presence of the mold produced by Penicillium fungi. This led to the conclusion that microorganisms produce substances to limit...
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...See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26742176 Caffeine levels in beverages from Argentina's market: Application to caffeine dietary intake assessment ARTICLE in FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS - PART A CHEMISTRY, ANALYSIS, CONTROL, EXPOSURE AND RISK ASSESSMENT · APRIL 2009 Impact Factor: 1.8 · DOI: 10.1080/02652030802430649 · Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 12 53 4 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Valentina Olmos Edda Villaamil Lepori University of Buenos Aires University of Buenos Aires 15 PUBLICATIONS 84 CITATIONS 20 PUBLICATIONS 119 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. SEE PROFILE Available from: Valentina Olmos Retrieved on: 09 April 2016 This article was downloaded by: [Universidad de Buenos Aires], [V. Olmos] On: 10 December 2013, At: 03:58 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tfac20 Caffeine levels in beverages from Argentina's market: application to caffeine dietary intake assessment a a a V. Olmos , N. Bardoni , A.S...
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...Energy Drinks: An Assessment of Their Market Size, Consumer Demographics, Ingredient Profile, Functionality, and Regulations in the United States M.A. Heckman, K. Sherry, and E. Gonzalez de Mejia ABSTRACT: The consumption of energy drinks is rapidly increasing, as demonstrated by their large market growth. The targeted demographic group is teenagers, young adults, 18 to 34 y old; although expansion into nontraditional markets is also occurring. It is claimed that energy drinks can offer an increased energy boost related to their ingredient profile of caffeine, taurine, herbal extracts, and vitamins. Research suggests that energy drink formulations, in addition to increasing energy utilization, may also improve mood, enhance physical endurance, reduce mental fatigue, and increase reaction time. However, in most cases, the corresponding mechanisms of action are not clear. In addition, concerns have been raised over their safety and with a currently weak regulatory environment, efforts need to be made to ensure consumer safety. The objective of this article is to review the current U.S. energy drink market with emphasis on its market size, target demographic, active ingredients, potential benefits, safety, and regulations. Introduction Energy drinks refer to beverages that contain, besides calories, caffeine in combination with other presumed energy-enhancing ingredients such as taurine, herbal extracts, and B vitamins. They first appeared in Europe and Asia in the 1960s in...
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...Response of Blood Flow through Stenotic Artery with variable Viscosity- A Non-Newtonian Fluid Model A Dissertation report submitted for the partial fulfillment of the award of degree of Master of Science In Mathematics Submitted By Shailja Gautam ROLL NO. 115258 Faculty of Science Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra-282005 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “Response of Blood Flow through Stenotic Artery in Presence of variable Viscosity- A Non-Newtonian Fluid Model” submitted to the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educationl Institute, Agra for the award of the degree of Master of Science in Mathematics, in an original record of the work carried out by Shailja Gautam under my Supervision. Further, this work has not been...
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...Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Biotechnology Advances 26 (2008) 246 – 265 www.elsevier.com/locate/biotechadv Research review paper Biological degradation of plastics: A comprehensive review Aamer Ali Shah ⁎, Fariha Hasan, Abdul Hameed, Safia Ahmed Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Received 22 November 2007; received in revised form 31 December 2007; accepted 31 December 2007 Available online 26 January 2008 Abstract Lack of degradability and the closing of landfill sites as well as growing water and land pollution problems have led to concern about plastics. With the excessive use of plastics and increasing pressure being placed on capacities available for plastic waste disposal, the need for biodegradable plastics and biodegradation of plastic wastes has assumed increasing importance in the last few years. Awareness of the waste problem and its impact on the environment has awakened new interest in the area of degradable polymers. The interest in environmental issues is growing and there are increasing demands to develop material which do not burden the environment significantly. Biodegradation is necessary for water-soluble or water-immiscible polymers because they eventually enter streams which can neither be recycled nor incinerated. It is important to consider the microbial degradation of natural and synthetic polymers in order to understand what is necessary for biodegradation and the mechanisms involved. This...
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...Dear Author Here are the proofs of your article. ·You can submit your corrections online, or via e-mail. · For online submission please insert your corrections in the online correction form. Always indicate the line number to which the correction refers. · You can also insert your corrections in the proof PDF and email the annotated PDF. · Remember to note the journal title, manuscript number, and your name when sending your response via e-mail. · Check any questions that have arisen during copy editing or typesetting and insert your answers/corrections. ·Check that the text is complete and that all figures, tables and their legends are included. Also check the accuracy of special characters, equations, and additional files if applicable. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship are not allowed without the approval of the responsible editor. In such a case, please contact us for futher advice. · If we do not receive your corrections within 48 hours, we will send you a reminder. · The final versions of your article will be published around one week after receipt of your corrected proofs. Jaworek et al. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2012, 7:44 http://www.ojrd.com/content/7/1/44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 RESEARCH Open Access Molecular genetic studies and delineation of the oculocutaneous albinism phenotype in the Pakistani population Thomas J Jaworek1, Tasleem Kausar2, Shannon M Bell1, Nabeela Tariq2...
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