...BUILDING A DAM Central Problem: Whether to construct the proposed dam that would bring most benefit to the community and to lose a certain species of small fish only found in that river. Minor problem: A reasonable decision to not build the dam should the fish be edible and with commercial use. Alternative Courses of Action: 1. To continue in the construction the proposed dam so that the community will be benefited in terms of having hydroelectric power and creating recreational activities such as boating, swimming and water-skiing, however the river will lose that certain species of small fish. Applying the principle of utilitarianism which to sacrifice something for a greater good. 2. To transfer the small fish with the help of a government sector like the DENR, or government agency concerning aquatic life forms/ resources to a fish sanctuary or a new habitat before building the dam/ project so that this certain species of small fish will not become extinct. 3. To reject the proposed construction of the dam and preserve the existence of the small fish. Recommendation/Ethical Solution: The group recommends the second alternative course of action. The members of the group believe that although there will be additional costs in the transfer of the small fish; still we took into consideration of the possible extinction of the species. And in the very first place the ones responsible may it be the government or a private group for the proposal of the dam should have...
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...FORTIS INC. AND CHLILLO DAM Introduction Fortis is the organization aimed at delivering the earnings towards their shareholders whereas continuing the quality services to the customers at a reasonable prices. They had the strategy of positive growth and disciplined strategy of acquisition for shareholder’s wealth increase. PEST Analysis PEST analysis is the political, economic, social and technologuical system that must be analysed in this study. This study is based upon the project of Fortis that was based upon the electricity and power generation through dam construction in the Belize country. Following points are summarizing the key issues and current situations at the time of dam construction in Fortis and Belize. Political Analysis Belize is the country that has democratic state and sovereign status of the country with a government working on the parliamentary principles. Parliament principles are based upon the west minister parliamentary system. Country has the membership in the British commonwealth of nations after its independence. Belize electricity limited has the operations in strong relation to the economy and government (Ansar, Flyvbjerg, Budzier, & Lunn, 2014). They have more than 53,000 customer’s serves and able to meet up the highest demands of the country including 44 megawatts from the diesel fired generation, Mollejon hydro plant and energy purchase from commission de electricidad. BEL has enhanced the corporate image in the various modes. Electricity...
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...THE HISTORY OF NGO'S IN INDIA The changing face of volunteering in India 26 September 2006 by Patralekha Chatterjee Stepping carefully around the pits and mounds, four men approached the only source of light to be seen - a small kerosene lantern burning inside a mud and grass hut. There were four residents inside - a couple and their two children, 10 and eight. They dug the pits, cut the rock and hauled it to the trucks, all without salary. They were bonded labourers, bonded for life and for generations to the owner of the pit because some ancestor sometime had borrowed money and had been unable to pay it back. Two of the four men who visited the hut that night in 1985 were from a nongovernmental organization called Bandhua Mukti Morcha (Bonded Labour Liberation Front). The other two were journalists brought by the NGO to prove that bonded labour - a form of slavery - did exist right in the nation's capital. After the visit, the men from the NGO went to the police station to lodge a complaint, because bonded labour is illegal in India, and so is child labour in a profession as hazardous as this. The complaints, and the articles written by the journalists after the visit, were part of the NGO campaign to make the government implement the law. Every day, different NGOs all over India are doing things like this. Sometime it may be taking a sample of water from a well that has been polluted by a nearby factory, getting the water analysed and then filing a "public interest petition"...
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...Introduction Fortis Inc., a company with interests in various North American electric utilities, is proposing to build the Chalillo dam on the Macal River in Belize, Central America. The dam would contribute to the economic development of the country by meeting the increasing demand from industry and consumers for electricity. The company believes that the dam is the most feasible, reliable, and cheap supply of electricity. Environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) oppose the project because of the destruction of wild animal and plant life and the adverse downstream impact, and allege that there are more viable and cost-effective sources. Through a strategic analysis of the issues surrounding the case, we will analyze each alternative to present the best possible recommendation to Fortis Inc. Issues The most prominent issue faced by Fortis Inc. with respect to the Chalillo project is the potential environmental effects. A number of groups are opposed to the project due to the location, on a river where a rare ecosystem exists. The project would build a dam on the river, regulating the flow of the river, preventing flooding and providing a more consistent source of water. While this certainly is a benefit to the individuals residing downstream of the proposed site, it does cause a disruption in the natural environmental cycle. The area that would be impacted was host to a rare and discrete floral floodplain habitat. The system relied on the seasonal flooding and...
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...EFFECTS (IMPACTS) OF TEHRI DAM By S.C.Sharma, Former General Manager THDC Ltd. 1. INTRODUCTION The probable effects of human activities regarding the use of environmental resources on natural environment is called environmental impact, and the assessment and evaluation of environmental effects of human activities are called environmental impact assessment (EIA). Thus, EIA is an instrument to identify and assess the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project, evaluate alternatives, and design appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring measures. EIA should also be conducted for social environments, i.e., impacts of project on human beings. The main activities involved in EIA are : i) Identification of likely impacts. ii) Conduction of baseline studies to collect various available information related to the particular impact. iii) Impact prediction and assessment. iv) Impact interpretation or evaluation. v) Identification of monitoring requirements and mitigating measures. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TEHRI DAM The Project has identified both positive and negative impacts. Efforts were made to get full advantage of positive impacts by formulating suitable schemes. As we know that dam is essentially an artificial wall constructed across a river which converts a running water ecosystem into a lake type ecosystem. This causes some changes in basic riverine ecosystem....
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...EFFECTS (IMPACTS) OF TEHRI DAM By S.C.Sharma, Former General Manager THDC Ltd. 1. INTRODUCTION The probable effects of human activities regarding the use of environmental resources on natural environment is called environmental impact, and the assessment and evaluation of environmental effects of human activities are called environmental impact assessment (EIA). Thus, EIA is an instrument to identify and assess the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project, evaluate alternatives, and design appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring measures. EIA should also be conducted for social environments, i.e., impacts of project on human beings. The main activities involved in EIA are : i) Identification of likely impacts. ii) Conduction of baseline studies to collect various available information related to the particular impact. iii) Impact prediction and assessment. iv) Impact interpretation or evaluation. v) Identification of monitoring requirements and mitigating measures. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF TEHRI DAM The Project has identified both positive and negative impacts. Efforts were made to get full advantage of positive impacts by formulating suitable schemes. As we know that dam is essentially an artificial wall constructed across a river which converts a running water ecosystem into a lake type ecosystem. This causes some changes in basic riverine ecosystem....
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...2-4, 141-148 2009 Controversies around dam reservoirs: benefits, costs and future Ryszard Kornijów1, 2 of Life Sciences in Lublin, Department of Hydrobiology, B. Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland, e-mail: ryszard.kornijow@up.lublin.pl 2Sea Fisheries Institute in Gdynia, Department of Fisheries Oceanography and Marine Ecology, H. Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland 1University Abstract The paper reviews the social and environmental problems concerning the functioning of dams including their local and global effects. Particularly emphasized is a trend toward removing dams in many countries. These are issues of significant importance, particularly in view of the current discussions on justification of investing in new dams, and seeking safe and economical solutions for aging dams, risky in their further operation. Key words: dam building and removal, local and global effects. „Dams are both a blessing and a curse” Dr. Ute Collier 1. Introduction The above citation accurately, although briefly, reflects general perception of dams. On the one hand, they have undoubtedly played, and still play a significant role in the development of the civilization. On the other hand, their construction and functioning entail incurring immense social costs, often disproportionate to the resulting advantages. Dams have also caused vast irreversible damage in the natural environment. Therefore, there is growing opposition against constructing dams, and even demands to remove the already...
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...Buffalo Creek Disaster YE HAO GBL395 Summer 2014 Synopsis: One of the most significant mining disaster happened at a little valley that located in Buffalo count, West Virginia in February 1972. The disaster cause by a dam corruption which was used to block black water produced in mining procedures. The flood break out from the fallen dam and rush out the 17 mile valley below it, killed more than 100 people, 1000 people injured and more than 4000 people were homeless. The disaster quickly gain the attention from the author of the book, Gerald M. Stern, also was a attorney who just finished representing African American in the south. Stern was shocked by this man-made disaster and decided to represent the survivors. Stern and victims of the disaster thought that the owner of the dam, Buffalo mining company and its owner, Pittston company are responsible for this disaster. They plan to sue Pittston in federal court instead of suing Buffalo mining company in Virginia court because of their power of influence in West Virginia. After visiting survivor from NY to West Virginia for gathering information and made enough preparation. Stern and his group successfully put the case in federal court and sued Pittston for 32.5 million for around 400 survivor who had taken physical damage or psychological hurt in the disaster. After the debate in court and bargain, finally Stern and the survivor he represented got 13.5 million settle, which Stern was...
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...In reading part two of the text, we see that the parent company is attempting to ratchet up the pressure on the plaintiffs’ attorneys in an attempt to thwart their case. Pittston’s attorneys attempt to deny access to their insurance documents, which later in the case shows that the insurance company had reservations about covering possible liability for its’ Buffalo Creek Operations. Pittston’s attorneys the attempt the old “divide and conquer” move, where it pits two of the most labor intensive aspects of discovery (depositions both of the plaintiffs and Pittston execs). The deposition of the plaintiffs required actual depositions in one city and physical examinations/testing in another. These two simultaneous events were meant to divide the manpower of the plaintiffs’ attorneys, and through the rigors of the examinations/testing, demoralize the plaintiffs. This extremely cumbersome for the attorneys, it was also for the plaintiffs. However, in a stroke of good fortune, the judge awards the plaintiffs mileage and a stipend for food, etc…and orders Pittson to pay for their hotel rooms. In another stroke of good fortune, the depositions depict the horror and terror survivors felt during the disaster. Each successive deposition is more graphic than the next. This is as upsetting for the plaintiffs to recall, as it is for opposing counsel to hear and record. But, as a matter of official record, these horrific tales lend credence to the mental anguish claims, but also gives...
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...The Science of Disasters EAS 201 – Written Assignment 5 1. What is the difference between a flash flood and a regional flood? Are the causes the same? Are the effects the same? Flash Flood; are walls of water, set up in a matter of hours by a large convective storm. Many automobile related deaths in a flash flood are in 2 feet of water due to the buoyant lift and current of the water. In 1997, in Antelope Canyon a flash flood took 12 hikers, tumbling them down the canyon as helpless on lookers could only watch. A wall of water builds due to steep topography, channeling the water and striking a particular area in a thunderstorm. In Big Thompson Canyon, Colorado in 1976, a thunderstorm remained stationary in the canyon for four hours. The topography fed the flash floods and carried many hikers and tourist down the canyon to their death. Many survived by fleeing their cars and climbing to safety, seeking shelter along the canyon walls. Those who chose to stay with their cars were swept away in the flood and died. The weight and proximity of the vehicle couldn’t allow them to achieve the safety they required. Regional Flood; different from flash floods, regional floods inundate an area with rainfall over several weeks, causing fewer deaths and often more damage. Occurring in areas of large river valleys and low topography, these heavy rains often result due to cyclonic systems. Their can be many contributing factors as to why a particular river may flood; geological...
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...for disease proliferation, nutrient capture, algal bloom potential and the release of toxicants from inundated sediments. Some water quality problems relate to activities within the catchment beyond the direct control of the proponent but which can cause water quality problems when compounded with the power station operations. Flooding of biomass, especially forests, results in underwater decay. In deep lakes that tend to stratify, colder de-oxygenated water at depths in the lake have in some cases released metals from the sediments e.g. methylmercury. Deep intakes can in some cases result in deoxygenated and hydrogen sulphide rich releases out of the power station tailrace into the downstream river system. Particularly high hydropower dams have in cases had problems with gas supersaturation resulting in fish deaths. In shallow lakes, water quality problems can under certain catchment conditions result from wind-induced sediment re-suspension, eutrophication and algal blooms. Water temperatures in the discharged water...
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...quickly and with little warning. These flash floods can be extremely dangerous, instantly turning a babbling brook into a thundering wall of water and sweeping everything in its path downstream. There are many causes of flood. Typhoons may cause flooding to coastal areas. When there is a typhoon, the atmospheric pressure is low. Sea level rises and affects the volume of water flowing from the river to the sea. This indirectly leads to flooding. Flooding always occur in coastal areas. Because whenever there are high tides or storms, the sea level will raise. If the sea level is higher than the level of the coastal lowland, flooding will occur. Heavy rainfall raises the water level. When the water level is higher than the river banks or the dams, the water comes out from the river, there will have flooding. But even small amount of rainfalls in our country may cause flood. This graph says that ten percent of the fatalities during natural calamities are caused by flood. 788,572 are the number of people who are affected by this phenomenon. This tells that almost two million dollars cost of private and agricultural properties are damage and devastated Most flood destruction is attributable to humans' desire to live near picturesque coastlines and in river valleys. According to these statistics, flooding is a...
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...John Cauley Research Paper Dr.Babaie November 25th 2012 Dammed If We Do Dammed If We Don’t In our everyday lives we rarely think of how we get our drinking water or where it even comes from. If we were to do a little research we would most likely come to the conclusion that it came from, or was in some part due to the use of a dam. Dams are part of everyday life and impact us in more ways than we can even express. First there are the general purposes we all think about: recreation (boating, swimming, etc.), drinking or water for irrigation, and possibly energy production better known as hydroelectric power generation. Yet there are many more active, passive, and even religious ways that dams effect the many cultures, whether effluent or poor; around the globe (Abraham). * Going back to ancient Rome there is mention of retaining and trapping water for public and civil uses. They created the first aqueducts not to far off from the systems many countries still use today to deliver their water for drinking and other public uses, such as filling fountains and using for mill power. It was said that no matter how much of a drought or shortage of water in Rome, the fountains were the last thing to be shut down (public drinking water, even water for the senate was shut off) were the public fountains, to show Rome’s great power and prestige in case of invasion, and for public image also. * Today we live in a much more complicated world. A world filled with...
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...needs. They also started making water wheels out of cast iron. People were always looking for ways to make it more efficient and some inventions were very successful like the cast-iron gearing which brought all wood construction to an end. Since they were always looking for more efficient ways this also brought to people inventing turbines and even windmills. Even now a days small companies use water wheels instead of turbines because they are more affordable and the payback is greater. They are also very affordable to maintain. If it wasn’t for this early machine that started it all maybe we wouldn’t have evolved so fast in this technology. Maybe they would have been grinding grains by hand for a couple hundred years more. Hydro-electric dams are descendants from water wheels, as they also take advantage of the movement of water downhill. This is why I think that the water wheel helped to shape modern society. References http://www.top-alternative-energy-sources.com/water-wheel-history.html http://www.top-alternative-energy-sources.com/water-wheel-history.html...
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...on a long term basis like dams to be constructed on the rivers in the Northern Gujarat. The project would bring about many positive changes like increased in irrigation and productivity but one issue persisted. This issue was of great importance as it was concerned with the famous Bhavnath temple falling in the middle of the reservoir. After a lot of discussion and negotiation, assurance was given to safeguard the interests of the people. The government later proposed an increase in the dimension of dam because of higher promised returns, but this would lead to submerging the temple. This caused resistance and hence the negotiations failed. Situation Analysis In 1947 after independence the government directed all their plans towards all – round economic development of the country. The country was economically very weak at the time of independence. The Bombay province understood the importance of agriculture and thus decided to build earthen dams across the rivers of Lokmata and Sadmata to increase the economic conditions of the country. In order to go ahead with the project the government had to rehabilitate the people getting affected and also the temple would be lost and so the only solution was to relocate the temple and its deities. This was opposed by the natives and locals even after negotiations about relocating and preserving the temple. The dam was to be built in the order to provide irrigation to the agricultural fields. The series of dam to be built in Northern Gujarat...
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