... The Patriot Act Is Unconstitutional On September, 11, 2001, terrorist attacked the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. They were probably going to attempt to fly a fourth plane into the White House. Most of us remember that day, where we were, and even what we were doing that morning; I know that I do. We all felt helpless and defenseless on that September day, and our overwhelming national response was to apprehend the people who had perpetrated this heinous act upon America. A week after the 9-11 attacks President Bush submitted a legislative proposal to combat terrorism called the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (Patriot Act). The Act passed in the Senate without debate. After minor changes were made in the House, the complex, 342-page bill passed 357 to 66 and was signed into law on October 26, 2001. This seemingly innocent law designed to protect Americans has had the opposite effect, eroding the civil liberties of U.S. citizens and non-U.S. citizens residing in the United States today. Shortly after 9/11 the government secretly arrested and jailed some 1,200 people in its investigation of September 11; they refused to divulge the number of arrests, the names of their lawyers, 0r even the reason for their arrests. Most of those arrested were Arabs or Muslims who were no danger at all: cab drivers, day laborers, or construction...
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...Law | Prof. James Kent | December 13, 2013 SHORT TITLE: FREEDOM OF SPEECH Freedom of Speech FIRST AMENDMENT PROTECTIONS Unit 2 Assignment Jerry Coleman LS305 Constitutional Law Prof. Judge J. Kent Kaplan University January 10, 2014 FREEDOM OF SPEECH FIRST AMENDMENT PROTECTIONS BY JERRY COLEMAN JANUARY 10, 2014 INDEX 1. COVER PAGE 2. TITLE PAGE 3. INDEX 4. PURPOSE 5. THEORY 6. FREEDOM OF SPEECH: UNALIENABLE RIGHT? 7. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 8. CASE LAW 9. CURRENT LEGISLATION AND ITS EFFECT ON THE FIRST AMENDMENT 10. CONCLUSION’ 11. REFERENCES PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to examine, limitedly, the incursion, by Congressional Acts, Judicial Interpretation via case law, and Executive Order of the First Amendment Protections of Free Speech of The Constitution of The United States. THEORY The Bill of Rights are the Foundation of the UNALIENABLE RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE, in theory and original intent of the Framers, which neither the Federal Government nor the States may repose from the People. Neither shall the Judiciary. However, given to logical consideration, as applied by the Marshall Court, the Courts have Judicial Review Authority, rendering them, if not the best locale, definitely the most appropriate, for interpretation of the Rights thusly enumerated in The Constitution’s Bill of Rights (Amendments One thru Ten, specifically One thru Eight). However, it must...
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...The US Constitution, written in Philadephia in 1787 by the Founding Fathers was the product of the revolutionary war of independence, with it’s foundations strongly influenced by the works of political theorists such as Montesquieu and Locke. The Founding Fathers favoured a government that prevented any individual or particular group becoming tyrannical. Furthermore, they strongly opposed the notion of excessive government power, seen as the potential threat to individual freedom, wanting to protect minorities as well as the population as a whole, from arbitrary or unjust rule. Consequently, the Founding Fathers outlined main provisions within the US constitution in order to avoid tyranny: the separation of powers, a federal structure of government and also providing citizens inalienable and entrenched rights through the implementation of the Bill of Rights. Arguably, these provisions as a result mostly ensure, as the Founding Fathers had hope to achieve, limited government, in so much as the size and scope of the federal government is limited to an extent in which it is necessary only for the common good of people. The separation of powers prevalent in the USA, whereby political power is distributed between the executive, the legislature and the judiciary branches of government, were adopted from the Founding Fathers by the principles of Montesquieu, who argued for a separation of powers into legislative, executive and judiciary branches in order to avoid tyranny. This framework...
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...Reasons Leading to a Terrorist Behaviour Name: Stefan Karagiozov ID:500735804 Instructor: Terry Roswell Course: CRIM102 November 24th ,2015 Introduction In their article “ Modern Gangsters and the Patriot Act”, Gregory P. Orvis and Jeffery P. Rush’s thesis is focused on demonstrating how certain street gangs that have been affiliated in criminal behaviour are also involved in terrorist activity, and how some criminals convert to a terrorist behaviour while they are doing their sentence in prison. They also put their focus on the effectiveness of the Patriotic Act and how this Act has helped to capture terrorists over a certain period of years. To this end, the authors’ analysis is dichotic, focusing on the pros and cons of the Patriotic Act and the potential danger to the rights of privacy of American citizens, and the association of the American gangs with terroristic activity. Yet ,Orvis and Rush’s analysis insufficiently addresses the complex psychological traits that are a key factor in the developing of the criminal mind in gang members and later on the conversion of these criminals to a terrorist- like behaviour. For instance , their discussion about the arrest of the Chicago street gang, El Rukn, fails to addresses the development of this criminal thinking and behaviour that led to their affiliation with terrorist activity, which is grounded deep in themselves .Moreover, the authors scratch only the surface of these individuals’ ...
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...always been in the shadows when we think of American heroes of the Revolution. He lacked the Washington’s character, and Adam’s intellect. He affected the country and the revolution in many ways not always on purpose, but he also had some great ideas and plans that were critical to successfully secede. He was not commemorated until almost a decade after Washington for his efforts (CRE,322). This can be such an encouragement to others and show that you don’t always have to look for recognition to do something. For Hancock he not only was commemorated but gained a huge amount of money as well. This prize did not come easy though. John Hancock was just so focus on the wellbeing of his people that others did not see the change in him until his final years. He was taught so much whether it was dining with men of importance in England or charging the British redcoats in Massachusetts or building a document of treason. God truly was with him. Just another example of God’s control over our complex...
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...collectivity rules, segregates, or looks to kill another group on the premise of aspects that it believes are innate and unalterable. An ideological premise for express bigotry worked out as intended in the West during the cutting edge period. No acceptable and unequivocal confirmation of racism has been found in different societies or in Europe before the Middle Ages (Alter, 1989). The distinguishing proof of the Jews with the demon and witchcraft in the prominent personality of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries was maybe the first indication of a supremacist perspective of the world. Authority penalties for such mentality came in the sixteenth century in Spain when Jews had converted to Christianity and their descendants turned to the acts of segregation of racism and exclusion. The Nineteenth century was a period of liberation, patriotism, and racism of which helped the development and escalation of ideological bigotry in Europe and the United States . Despite the fact that the liberation of blacks from racism and Jews from the local places got the vast majority of its support from religious or devotees to a key human balance. The result of these changes was to increase instead of reducing bigotry. Race relations became less paternalistic and more focused. The insecurities of an advancing modern private enterprise made a requirement for racism. The Darwinian encouragement on "the battle for presence" and sympathy toward "the survival of the fittest" was helpful...
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...It is important for a customer to feel special and for a company to take initiative in making this happen for each customer. Dollar General would become more responsible if they evolved the product recall protocol. Instead of just displaying this time sensitive information on the web, notify customers of potential dangers through a mass email or text. This day and age is all about technology as it is rapidly changing. This helps Dollar General always stay connected with its customers, as well as keeps the customers in the loop about potential dangers to themselves or families. To obtain the necessary information, customers could sign up for Dollar General Updates at their time of purchase. This shows that Dollar General is truly stepping up and taking responsibility to keep their customers...
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...routine watch, researching wrongdoings, authorizing activity laws, giving group and movement control at parades, and other open occasions. Another part of an operators' opportunity is spent written work reports and overhauling records of the guilty parties he or she has experienced. Most operators watch a specific locale and explore criminal movement with that ward. Some of the time they help another officer from an alternate ward in light of the fact that the wrongdoer has crossed province or state lines. Impact on Law Enforcement A pattern inside of the criminal equity framework which influenced law authorization specialists was the terrorist assault on the United States on 9/11. Since this act has happened the law enforcements have brought fusion centers in some states. “Fusion centers act as command centers for regional threats and excel in their ability to perform analysis with advanced tools and trained analysts. These centers attempt to address the fact that clues related to criminal activity often remain undiscovered in disconnected law enforcement databases. These regionally focused centers bring the data into one place or make it accessible on one software platform where analysts can connect the dots.” (Serrao, 2012) I think that this a great contribution because they need more eyes than just the ones in that city. Also, it helps them find the people that are...
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...The paper of individual rights as well as public safety University of Phoenix The paper of individual rights as well as public safety The police agencies have to deal with many obstacles when they have to deal with enforcing the safety of the public but also securing people’s rights as well. In this paper, it will be discussed focal points will start with statutory authority also responsibilities of government officials, security personnel, also private citizens. Next is the practice or law relating to search, seizure, as well as surveillance by police, corrections, security personnel, also private citizens. Also, compare the laws relating to the use of force by police, corrections, as well as private security. Lastly, Individual privacy rights and legislation relating to policy, practice, and procedures. In the country of the United States, which is a delegate for democracy and everything it stands for to this society. It means that the laws and regulation, give the show the will of the people also the officials in the government imitate. Also, enforce the rules and the laws according to the local, state, and as well federal rules. Shows the United States a points officials as well as, they have to swear into their position and have to pledge they will uphold the responsibilities of the job also the laws of their job. The public of the United States has to pay their taxes so that it can help to assist the government to give protection to society. Also, secure the...
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...How 9/11 Changed America Final Exam Essay 3/11/2016 On September 11, 2001 America watched in horror as an act of terror hit New York City. Two commercial airline planes were hijacked and rerouted to hit the World Trade Center buildings. Today the question is being asked, did this result from intelligence failures? My answer to that is yes. When something is going wrong and you do not know what is happening, that is an intelligence failure. November of 1941, the U.S. intelligence community knew that the Japanese were moving their fleets across the Pacific; however they could not quite figure out where the target location was. In November 1944, American and British intelligence knew that the Germans were massing around the Ardennes; it was not until the Battle of the Bulge did they find out why. In 1990, the U.S. intelligence community was aware that Saddam Hussein was moving armored forces in Iraq and various places; again we did not know why until it was too late. How many times does this have to happen before change is made? The intelligence community should know about people’s capabilities and their intentions. We do find out intentions some of the time, but not all of the time. The intelligence game is a zero-sum business. If you do not find intelligence all of the time, then what happened in New York will happen again. Maybe not in the same fashion, but something will happen. What happened? Nineteen members of al-Qaeda hijacked 4 American Airlines Boeing...
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...School of law, Christ university | Sedition: Analysis of Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code,1860 | Criminal Law-I CIA-III | | Rajeev Rambhatla | 1016272 | [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] | TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………… 1. 2. TABLES OF CASES AND STATUTES………………………………………… 2. 3. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………… 3. 4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………… 5. 5. MEANING AND INTERPRETATION OF SECTION 124A THE LAW OF SEDITION IN INDIA BEFORE 1947………………… 7. 6. MEANING AND INTERPRETATION OF S. 124A AFTER INDEPENDENCE……………………………………………………………………… 12. 7. LAWS OF SEDITION IN INDIA, ENGLAND, AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – A COMPARATIVE STUDY…… 14. 8. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………20. 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………………………………………22. INTRODUCTION “It is enough to say that in this country and in this generation the time for prosecuting political libels has passed, and does not seem likely to return within any definable time” - Stephen, History of Criminal Law[1] This statement was made in the context of the United Kingdom by a well-known author on criminal law. More than 50 years after independence, it may well be said that the ‘time for prosecuting political libel’ has passed...
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...Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights. The original English legal charter, the Magna Carta of 1215. 2. How are civil liberties different from civil rights? 73 - Civil liberties may be distinguished from civil rights (sometimes called equal rights), which refer to rights that members of various groups (racial, ethnic, sexual, and so on) have to equal treatment by government under the law and equal access to society’s opportunities. 3. What were the Alien and Sedition Acts and were editors if newspapers actually jailed? 74 - Alien Act, which authorized the president to deport from the United States all aliens suspected of “treasonable or secret” inclinations; the Alien Enemies Act, which allowed the president during wartime to arrest aliens subject to an enemy power; and the Sedition Act, which criminalized the publication of materials that brought the U.S. government into “disrepute.” Yes 4. What is the Patriot Act and what is “Gitmo”? How did Obama alter US policy? 75 - USA Patriot Act, authorizing President Bush to take numerous steps to prosecute the war, including giving the federal government broad new powers to detain suspects without hearings at the Guantanamo Military Base in Cuba and elsewhere. Guantanamo Military Base. Obama did halt the...
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...In most treatments of power, this chapter would form the entire discussion. Coercion and force are often used as synonyms of power, and all too often are seen as the only type of power. Hans Morgenthau offers a definition that is representative of the literature: Power may comprise anything that establishes and maintains the control of man over man. Thus power covers all social relationships, which serve that end, from physical violence to the most subtle psychological ties by which one mind controls another. Power covers the domination of man by man, both when it is disciplined by moral ends and controlled by constitutional safeguards, as in Western democracies, and when it is that untamed and barbaric force which finds its laws in nothing but its own strength and its sole justification in its aggrandizement.[1] Power tends to be defined as force, regardless of whether the one wielding power is the initiator or the responder. No less an authority than John Locke, the 17th century enlightenment philosopher whose treatises on government provided inspiration for the U.S. Constitution, defined coercive power as the only appropriate response to the illegitimate use of coercive power: "In all states and conditions, the true remedy of force without authority is to oppose force to it."[2] The equation of force with power is not limited to theorists. Kriesberg points out that parties in social conflict, "cognizant of inequalities in resources and what that means for domination...
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...Who Made Rizal Our Foremost National Hero, and Why? BY: ESTEBAN A. DE OCAMPO Dr. Jose Rizal Mercado y Alonso, or simply Jose Rizal (1861-1896), is unquestionably the greatest hero & martyr of our nation. The day of his birth & the day of his execution are fittingly commemorated by all classes of our people throughout the length & breadth of this country & even by Filipinos & their friends abroad. His name is a byword in every Filipino home while his picture adorns the postage stamp & paper money of widest circulation. No other Filipino hero can surpass Rizal in the number of towns, barrios, & streets named after him; in the number of educational institutions, societies, & trade names that bear his name; in the number of persons, both Filipinos & foreigners, who were named "Rizal" or "Rizalina" because of their parents’ admiration for the Great Malayan; & in the number of laws, Executive Orders & Proclamations of the Chief Executive, & bulletins, memoranda, & circulars of both the bureaus of public & private schools. Who is the Filipino writer & thinker whose teachings & noble thoughts have been frequently invoked & quoted by authors & public speakers on almost all occasions? None but Rizal. And why is this so? Because as biographer Rafael Palma (1) said, "The doctrines of Rizal are not for one epoch but for all epochs. They are as valid today as they were yesterday. It cannot be said that because the political...
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...French Revolution AOS 1 Revs Revision Notes – Part I AOS 1 – French Revolution Index: 1. PRE REVOLUTION FRANCE a. France in the 18th Century b. Power and Limitations of the King c. Privilege and its Spread d. Frances Taxes (How and What) e. The Estates 2. IDEAS, INPUTS AND CAUSES a. Very Short List of Causes of the Revolution b. Shift to Sensibility c. American Revolution Input d. The Liberal Economic Theory (Physiocracy) e. The Philosophes 3. FINANCIAL CRISIS AND MANAGEMENT a. Frances Financial Crisis b. Frances Finance Ministers (Comptroller-General) c. Compte Rendu d. Parlements and Their Role e. Assembly of Notables and Their Role 4. EVENTS PRECEEDING AND DURING EXILE AND RECALL OF PARLEMENTS a. Ségur Ordinance b. Diamond Necklace Affair c. Eden Treaty d. Calling of the Assembly of Notables e. The Dutch Crisis (Spring 1787) f. Last Chance with the Notables g. Notables Dissolved h. Attempts to Pass Reforms at the Parlements i. Exile and Recall of the Parlements j. Society of Thirty 5. EVENTS PRECEEDING CALL OF ESTATES GENERAL a. The Reduction of Parlement’s Rights b. The Day of Tiles (Grenoble) c. The Famine of 1788 d. The Calling of the Estates-General 6. ESTATES-GENERAL ...
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