1. Define learning.
Learning is the process through which experience modifies behavior and understanding. Allows us to adapt to changing environments. Isn’t: Innate behavior, fixed action pattern or reflex.

Types of learning are Habituation, Classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning.
2. Define classical conditioning, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. Describe how classical conditioning works by using the stimuli and responses in an example.

Classical Conditioning: Ivan Pavlov.
3. Describe the processes of extinction and spontaneous recovery. Give an example of each.

Extinction – condition stimulus alone; just the meat powder alone.
Spontaneous recovery – condition stimulus alone; response spikes back up after extinction.

4. Define and give an example of stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination.

Stimulus generalization –
Stimulus discrimination –

5. Discuss how attention influences which stimulus is linked to the unconditioned stimulus. Define and give an example of second-order conditioning. (from lecture notes)

Red light and Tone would now cause stimulation for salivating. 2 Conditional Stimulus.

6. Describe the relationship between classical conditioning and phobias, and classical condition and taste aversion.

7. Define the law of effect.

Law of effect- responses followed by positive outcomes are repeated; those followed by negative outcomes are not repeated. Edward L. Thorndike.

8. Define operant conditioning, and explain how it differs from classical conditioning.

Operant conditioning -

9. How do we determine what is a reinforcer?
- Increases behavior.

10. Define positive and negative reinforcers and give examples of each.
11. Explain how stimulus discrimination and stimulus generalization