...Modern family was introduced to America as a show about three families, a traditional family structure, homosexual family, and a mixed family that all interact with each other. Keeping Up With the Kardashians are an American family with their own reality TV show, centering around a celebrities everyday life. In analyzing the two popular TV shows Modern Family and Keeping Up With the Kardashians from a feminist perspective, it is evident that American culture in today’s society is either pushing or differing away from the norms of gender roles and hegemonic ideologies. In September 2009, Modern Family first aired on ABC and is not on it’s seventh season. This culturally defining series has now won five consecutive Emmy awards and a Golden Globe award and continues to entertain American with its sitcom. The head of the family is Jay, who is married to a much younger Latin woman named Gloria, and he tires to keep up with her and her passion filled son Manny. Claire, is Jays daughter who is a hard worker but had trouble raising her three kids while her husband Phil is worried about “getting down” or being just like them. Their three kids are Haley, a typical bratty teenager, Alex, who is incredibly smart, and Luke who is very different. The third family is Claire’s homosexual brother and his partner Cameron and together they have an adopted little girl named Lily. Throughout this show we watch the three families go through their everyday interesting lives. Keeping Up With the Kardashians...
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...<Feminist theory>: What are traditional gender roles? Men: “rational, strong, protective, and decisive” Women: “emotional (irrational), weak, nurturing and submissive” What are traditional gender roles? Men: “rational, strong, protective, and decisive” Women: “emotional (irrational), weak, nurturing and submissive” Gender studies： * Feminist theory * Patriarchy * Male role * Female role （Patriarchy is a system of social organization that traces descent through the male line and bestows privilege and power to males on the assumption of their physical and intellectual superiority over women.） * Purpose of feminist analysis: * A writer of a feminist analysis intends to closely examine how male dominance and female powerlessness manifest themselves in specific aspects of society through a text. Format of Feminist Analysis * General tension and thesis： * Tension will stem from some aspect of patriarchy in the text * Thesis: what is author saying about tension? * Resolve/lack of resolve? Character transgress/submit? * Body: Integrate feminist theory with literary devices * Organize paragraphs by literary device/chronology/order of thesis * Weave in feminist theory as you go along, defining terms as you delve into each device. * Use feminist jargon appropriately and in context * Conclusion <Marxism>: Gender studies： Marxist Literary Theory： ...
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...Defying Social Norms Through Writing Essentialist definitions claim that women writers avoid confrontational issues in their work. They instead choose to play it safe when it comes to the topics that they write about. Toni Morrison, Margaret Atwood, and Virginia Woolf defy this claim by writing about topics such as race, social status and gender. The novels, “The Bluest Eye,” “The Handmaid’s Tale,” and “To the Lighthouse,” are examples of how these women writers challenge the essentialists’ claims. Beauty standards are a prevailing theme in “The Bluest Eye,” by Toni Morrison. Young black girls, like the character Pecola, have to face the hurdles that the color of their skin causes for them. A theme in the novel is that whiteness is...
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...Living in the 21st century, society may believe that we live in a world of gender equality. A belief that is in fact idealistic. Gender inequality stems from deep rooted cultural ideologies. The enculturation process plays a role in learning gendered norms. Gender roles ascribed to men and women have affect in our society. Social inequalities affect many women in different walks of life. It can be seen in the type of work women obtain and which accounts for the gender wage gap. Gender inequality can also be seen at the educational level. Even though there is gender inequality all around us we we can all strive for gender equality by diminishing the causes of gender inequality. Lets take a step back and analyze what gender inequality truly...
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...The stability with which an organizational culture operates is based on these elements and therefore lend valuable evidence to the cross cultural context of entrepreneurship and business development. This study will investigate the differences in gender roles and accountability throughout organizational culture. Based on these defining themes, it will be possible to identify key differences in gender placement throughout management and other positions of hierarchical interest within an organization. In demonstrating the value of infrastructure supporting organizational culture it will be valuable to discuss the social relationships and formation of culture across genders in a professional atmosphere. Since many elements regarding position, authority and general status can be ascertained through behaviors and specific cultural elements, it is necessary for the field to particularly define gender differences and similarities in a variety of contexts. The differences in leadership and similar arguments illustrate the need for industry and historical standards to be challenged based on contemporary evidence. The particular research questions that will be addressed include: 1. How do organizational culture standards influence gender roles and differences? This is particularly relevant to the presence of masculine versus feminine cultures and organizational standards....
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...will focus on the socialization of gender roles and the expectations which constitute gender roles, including methods and agents of socialization, as well as some of the effects it has on certain individuals. By being conscious of these details, one will be better equipped to understand societal expectations, and be versed to make informed decisions of how to rear your children, especially if your child or children self-identify as being homosexual because the socialization of gender roles in the United States causes confusion amongst or conflict within homosexuals as a result of gender role expectations and the gender roles they assume and find to be natural. Defining Gender To begin with, gender is defined as a social structure that is culturally or socially engineered and was devised in the early hunter-gatherer age (Connell). It emphasizes the distinctions between “females and males found in the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with ‘femininity’ and ‘masculinity’” (Kendall 2012). Informally, says the World English Dictionary, “it is the state of being male, female, or neuter” or “any of the categories, such as masculine, feminine, neuter, or common, within such a set.” Gender Roles More importantly, a gender role “refers to the attitudes, behavior, and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex and are learned through the socialization process” (Kendall 2012). A sample of several expected gender roles, for males, would include being...
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...When looking at the different gender roles that were represented in the prime-time television show “This is Us” there were many instances throughout the show where the female characters were depicted in what I defined as traditional female roles (Fogelman, 2016). Particularly, I noticed this to be the case for Rebecca Pearson’s character. Rebecca, who is the wife of Jack Pearson and mother to her three children, is one of the main female characters in the show. Rebecca was often shown running the household duties and chores. This often included her in the kitchen making different meals for her family, packing lunches, tending to the children, cleaning, and doing the laundry, while her husband went off to work. Kate and Beth, who are also two...
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...Socially Constructed Gender Roles “As we move through our lives, society demands different gender performances from us and rewards, tolerates, or punishes us differently for conformity to, or digression from, social norms. As children and later adults, learn the rules of membership in society they come to see themselves in terms they have learned from the people around them.” (Devor 387) Girls don’t sit like that. Close your legs you have on a dress. No you can’t play in the dirt, go comb your dolls hair. Growing up I wasn’t allowed to do many things my older brothers did. Simply because they were boys and I was a ‘girl.’ This often made me unhappy because the things they did seemed so exhilarating. Is it a boy or a girl? The first question posed when a new life is being brought into this world. Today’s society plays a huge role in the construction of gender. If you’re a boy one must act masculine, if female, one must act feminine. There is no in between for either gender. A “woman” is expected to stay...
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...(1500)A Book Review of Everyday Revolutionaries: Gender, Violence, and Disillusionment in Post-War El Salvador by Irina Carlota Silber (300)This book review defines the continued violence and social destabilization that is found in El Salvador in Everyday Revolutionaries: Gender, Violence, and Disillusionment in Post-War El Salvador by Irina Carlota Silber. Silber’s argument is founded on the premise that the post-war culture of El Salvador continues to project a violent “revolutionary” environment, which has made many of the women that fought in the revolution the “subjects” of neoliberal globalization. In this manner, many of the “revolutionaries” are examined through an anthropological gender analysis to identify the reactionary nature of post-war identity that continues to divide communities and also creates the “trans-border” family. More so, Silber (2010) argues that many women are presented as being symbolized as “masculinized” women, but the underlying patriarchal values of El Salvadoran society continue into the post-war era. Therefore, the issue of gender roles continues define some of the myths of “feminism” that have been historically defined as part of the women’s movement in the FMNL during the revolution....
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...by simply reading through the visual semiotics used. We respond, although passively and sometimes unconsciously, to these messages by defining our place and role in society. Furthermore, many times our own self-worth is lavishly filled or enormously plastered by viewing Mac’s propaganda. However, we continue as faithful customers because it is what our society expects from us: to be faithful consumers. Wherefore, the main argument of the proposed essay is that MacCosmetics.com promotes an intangible, vague and an erroneous representation of people in society, specifically in terms of gender roles and self-appraisal. As an active media channel, Mac Beauty Products alludes to selling beauty but in fact their message is one of negativity towards the naturally beautiful. Therefore, the message they denote implicitly is not the same as the one shown explicitly; the characters, the magic of this company, its current status in the market/society, and our own sentiment towards it frame the way we perceive the message and what message we ultimately perceive. This essay will touch on three specifics: Mac’s message on gender roles as portrayed by their advertisements, Mac’s use of implicit visual semiotics to display the message, and Mac’s explicit message, the one heard by all who view their advertisements. Part 1: Mac’s Message on Gender Roles There are several ways we can describe the website and its products. For one, it is beautiful in that colors are positioned in abstract...
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...Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the claim that gender differences in educational achievement are primarily ‘the result of changes in wider society’ (30 marks) Girls have rapidly improved, compared to boys, in terms of educational achievement, as Item A states, since the 1980’s. In Key Stages 1-3, girls consistently do better than boys in writing subjects such as English; at GCSE, girls are 10 percentage more likely than boys to achieve five or more A*-C grades; at AS/A-level, girls are more likely to get higher grades. Additionally, at each stage of a pupil’s education, the gap gets narrower. Therefore, more girls go into higher education. However, this is not the case for boys as there are in changes in the both the education system and wider society. As item A suggests, there are many external factors resulting in gender differences in educational achievement. One factor is the impact of Feminism. Since the 1960’s, feminists have challenged patriarchy by creating the ‘Feminist Movement’. This has help to improve the rights of women, as well as raise expectations and the self-esteem of women. Although many would agree that true equality with males has not yet been achieved, women have now started to reject the traditional stereotypes of women such as the ‘mother and housewife role’. For example, in McRobbie’s study of girls’ magazines shows how girls view of themselves have changed. She found that in the 1970’s, girls emphasised the importance of getting married...
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...welcomed in many countries, willingly or not willingly. In some countries, people’s incomes are mostly below the poverty line, i.e. in third world countries; in those places people have accepted dual earner system as a necessity, leaving the dilemma off. For developed countries, it has been found in the statistics that around 62% of households are now "dual earner". Yet, despite increasing female participation in the labor market, the private lives of many couples are still showing the role pattern of the male breadwinner model. Men are perceived as providers for the family, whilst women are expected to shoulder the lion's share of unpaid work at home. So as to reconcile gainful employment and career ambitions, motherhood and marriage or partnership, homemaking and social life successfully, women are increasingly behaving as 'super women'. Work-family conflict occurs when an individual has to perform multiple roles that require time, energy and commitment. An inter-role conflict occurs as role-pressures from work-family domains become incompatible in some respects. The cumulative...
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...efinition Gender typing projects societies' expectations regarding people's behavior based upon their biological sex.[2] [edit]Acquisition Gender typing is most typical during the formative years of developing one's identity. Through social learning theory children learn gender roles and behaviors, and begin to gender type. Through such reinforcing statements as "Big boys don't cry" or "You're such a good girl, being such a good mommy to your toys," children realize what is typical of the male and female gender and gender type other traits and behaviors as they try and discover whether they belong in 'girl world' or 'boy world.' Gender typing begins as early as age 2 or 3, as children are just beginning to distinguish between male and female voices, and develop a sense of language. Children at ages 2–4 are gender typing by the clothes they see other children wear, hairstyles and what toys are okay for boys to play with and what toys girls play with. By age 5, a child now has the ability to gender type by observing behavior, traits and tools used by men and women. A child may associate a man with the words aggressive, brave, autocrat, dominant and independent, a woman with the words emotional, sentimental, fragile, dependent and submissive.[3] In many languages, words are masculine or feminine ("la primavera" or "el invierno"), everything in the child's world takes on a female or male presence and is gender typed.[4] The Cognitive development theory is also important in...
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...emphasizing the important aspects of an individual that ultimately decided their faith within a society. Farmer analyzes the poverty from an elite’s perspective, while supplying sufficient details on the gender roles among the poor and the social classes among society that separated the poor from the rich. Such factors not only played a major role in forming their social standing and networks available to them, but also affected the altruistic assistance by those in power that...
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...surprisingly falls in love with the Beast prince in an effort to free her father. However these two protagonists must ensue several obstacles along their path in order to ensure that their love remains preserved. Disney has always had the touch of thrilling the viewers with unique and complex villain’s, and this time it certainly doesn’t disappoint with Gaston. Gaston here doesn’t follow the traditional profile and trend of a Disney character, he isn’t the handsome hero saving a princess from a monster but rather Disney portrays him as the self-centered and arrogant male who will go above boundaries to get what he wants. An interesting role swap by Disney that adds to the realism and authencity carried out by the villain itself. The Gaston song is one scene that not only caught my attention instantly but also played a crucial role in defining Gaston’s normative traits and portraying his egocentric personality. The Gaston song accurately highlights the conventional traits of masculinity however also portrays the heteronormative path society incorporates suggesting that as a society we need change our outlook on representation of masculinity and its desired traits. Heteronormativity can be defined as what people perceive or believe is the ‘normal’ thing to do in life. Heteronormativity certainly comes with some subjectivity and has been a growing issue that determines the action and portrayal of our society. Gaston song itself...
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