...Fundamentals of Research Shemika Savage University of Phoenix The use of the scientific method is a necessity in research. The scientific method could be used in observation and experimentation. The results determined during the use of the scientific method help in many different aspects. In order for researchers to prove theories or assumptions, they must have proof and facts. These facts are proven with the scientific method. The scientific method is defined as “a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data is gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from the data and the hypothesis is empirically proven.”(Dictionary.com,LLC, 2012) The steps in the scientific method are: defining the problem, observations, hypothesis, experimentations, data gathering, testing of the hypothesis, and conclusions. The steps of the scientific method need to be conducted in order. No steps should be left out. The scientific method helps to determine the relationships between cause and effect. The method helps to define problems and to collect data and make possible solutions. The research would not be complete and the conclusions would not be solid or valid. The scientific method can be used in human services to establish the collection of data in many scenarios. It is crucial to investigate the realms that are the cause for the issues or problems. The scientific method can be used in human services to help a mother who suffers from alcoholism. The human service worker...
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...Organizational Psychologists offer a corporation unbiased, fresh ideas in the area of improvement and advancement using various methods of analysis and research. The following paper will examine the field of organization psychology by defining, explaining the evolution, comparing and contrasting organizational psychology with related disciplines and analyzing the role of research and statistics. Defining Organizational Psychology Organizational psychology as defined by Jex & Brit(2008) is a “field that utilizes scientific methodology to better understand the behavior of individuals working in organizational settings” (p. 1). In the most basic terms, organizational psychology uses the scientific psychological principles and research methodology to study numerous topics that are vital to comprehending human behavior in different organizations. An applied field, organizational psychology is relevant to numerous work settings and applies research in the effort to increase productivity in the workplace. Organizational psychology focuses on specific conduct and behaviors employees exhibit on the job; particularly ones in need of intervention or improvement, and offers plans of action with the goal of encouraging positive workplace morale. This type of psychology concentrates on the human portion of the working environment and through research, surveying, or interviewing, can produce fair-minded plans of implementation to improve workplace conditions and thus assists in capitalizing on...
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...has always been a defining quality of mine, probably ever since I was a young boy watching "The Magic School Bus" and reading "ZooBooks". A general yearning for discovering new things, regardless of topics or delivery via books, television, or teacher, was the first step to spark my interest in science. Later as a middle school student, I became much more aware that I enjoyed and excelled in science and math more than any other subjects. Entering into my middle school's math and science accelerated program allowed me to further develop my interest in science as I took Honors Biology and spent my summer between 8th and 9th grade volunteering for Cornell’s Cooperative Extension conducting water sampling for effluent matter at local bays. It was also at this point that I started to give thought to what careers I may want to pursue, specifically in a scientific field. In my past three years of high school, I've taken great initiative to enrich my scientific experience and identify which fields directly interest me. I became a member and now president of my school's selective science research program, attended lectures at Stony Brook University and started ready Scientific News. Reading about Physics made me inquisitive about the unknown. In math I started a trail-blazing path by self-teaching Math B (does it have another name) during the summer between 9th and 10th grade which allowed me to go onto Pre-Calculus sophomore year. To prepare myself for my Intel Research project in Astrophysics...
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...INTRODUCTION The principal aim of this paper is to trace and analyze the development of victimology. Firstly this paper will be concerned with defining the concept of victimology and the concept of victim before explaining the origins of the study of victimology. Furthermore, this paper will explain and evaluate the development of victimology as a field of study, in a broad sense this paper aims to acknowledge where the field of victimology originated and how it has developed and in addition this paper involves a general overview of the victim’s role in various systems of justice throughout history. Defining the concept “victimology” Defining the concept victimology is tricky because different people define victiomology in different ways, there is no universally accepted definition of victiomology, however for the purpose of this paper one broad definition of victimology will be used but not necessarily meaning that this paper does not acknowledge that other definitions do exist. Victimology refers generally to the scientific study of victims and victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, investigators, courts, corrections, media, and social movements ( Karmen 1990 ). Defining the concept “victim” The origin of victimology The origin of victimology can be traced back to several articles, books, and research projects initiated by criminologists during the 1940s and 1950s. According to Walklate (2007) victimology's roots are often attributed...
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...Fundamentals of Research Amanda Lopez BSHS/382 October 31, 2011 Kevin Benbow Fundamentals of Research Research plays a vital role in the human services field. Utilizing research methods (such as the scientific method) assists human services professionals in making numerous informed decisions daily. This paper will provide a detailed description of the scientific method and the fundamentals of research by first defining the term ‘scientific method’ as well as by providing an explanation of how it relates to human services research. The steps in the process of scientific inquiry will be reviewed along with why each of these steps must be included to support the scientific method. A human services research example of the scientific method that identifies each of the steps involved in the process of scientific inquiry will also be provided. Likewise, the terms quantitative and qualitative research will be defined and an explanation of the manner in which they differ as well as relate to the human services field and the scientific method will be included along with specific examples of what sort of study is appropriate for each methodology and an explanation why. The term mixed method research will then be defined and the strengths associated with this type of research method will be given as well as an example of when it is appropriate to apply mixed method research in the human services field. Lastly, a brief summary of the way in which scientifically sound research supports...
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...se Thomas A. Horan Claremont Graduate University, ABSTRACT The e-Gov field (also called Electronic Government, Digital Government, Electronic Governance, and similar names) emerged in the late 1990´s. Since then it spurred several scientific conferences and journals. Because the field grew considerably in size, both its contents and position with respect to other research fields and disciplines need to be explained and discussed. What is e-Gov? What is e-Gov research? What does it mean for the field of Information Systems? This paper briefly sketches the short eGov history and current status, and discusses the content of the field as it appears in current research. We conclude with a discussion of e-Gov as a research field of interest both as a new application area for IS theories and methods and as a source of new insight. Keywords: electronic government, governance I. INTRODUCTION The e-Gov (Electronic Government or Electronic Governance) field1 emerged in the late 1990´s as a context within which to share experiences among practitioners. Over the past few years eGov gave rise to several conferences with more and more scientific content. Some specialized journals now appear. Because the field grew to considerable size, both its contents and position with respect to other research fields and disciplines needs to be explained and discussed. What is e-Gov? What is e-Gov research? What does it mean for the field of Information Systems? Synonyms for e-Gov include digital government...
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...Genetic cadavers: Do you have legal ownership of your extracted cells? The issue of defining who has legal ownership of cells and extracted genetic information has arisen since scientists began extracting cells for medical research. Since there has been interest in conducting in vitro studies, the issue of how cells will be obtained for these studies have been of utmost concern. With that comes the legislative issue of declaring who has legal possession of these cells. The most notable case is that of the HeLa cell line created from the genome of the tumor cells found in Henrietta Lacks in the 1950s. Henrietta Lacks was the unwitting donor of the cells that found significant new information and treatment of cervical cancer. She did not have...
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...Week 1 Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology PSY-410 Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology The best theoretical model incorporates aspects of multiple theories, recognizing that historically, psychology is a very young science, as is the field abnormal psychology. This fledgling scientific field has been developed to aid in understanding the causes of, and treatments for, abnormal behavioral disorders. Although the primary purpose of the science is to benefit those suffering from abnormal behaviors and disorders, some less than beneficial means were employed through the annals of time. Treatments have ranged from torturous procedures to imprisonment to sympathetic therapy occurring before the official formation of psychology. Following the breakaway from philosophy, numerous theorists and treating professionals worked diligently to support and legitimize the science of psychology, improve treatment, and improve supportive practices for those who exhibit abnormal behavior patterns. Origins of Abnormal Psychology Abnormal behavior and treatments have been recognized extensivly throughout history long before the development of psychology as an independent science. During the height of the Greek and Roman civilizations, those with mental illnesses were treated quite well and provided with “baths, exercise, and emotional support” (Hansell & Damour, 2008, p. 26). Unlike the original Greek and Roman asylums, patients in the post-Roman era were treated...
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...specific research methods commonly used. Social anthropology is considered the holistic study of humanity. This field promotes culture as a scientific concept. Anthropologists use the study of social anthropology as the means of studying how culture affects how people adapt to their environment in non-genetic ways. In both sociology and cultural anthropology there are 2 large categories of research. Quantitative research is quantifiable, meaning measureable, and is collected by analysis. The collection must be able to be counted or mathematically calculated. In general, the idea of doing quantitative research is to be able to apply statistics to large populations of people. On the other hand, qualitative research involves interviewing or observing people. It helps us understand the “experience, meaning of life worlds, the essences of experience, the attentive practice of thoughtfulness, and caring attunements is extended” (Munhall, 1989). Qualitative research is able to be present with not only social research but experimental, linguistic, and cultural context research. It helps us study the human experience. Subcategories of these research methods will be discussed in comparison to sociology and cultural anthropology. When researching a hypothesis there is a research approach catered to each research project. The research process itself involves “defining the problem, reviewing previous research on the topic, developing one or more hypotheses, determining the research design...
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...own benefits. Clinical psychology, on the other hand, can use all perspectives and approaches (Plante, 2010). This is true because clinical psychology is an art- using all researches, methods, and approaches to define the problems a person can have. In addition to defining the problem, clinical psychology can offer different forms of treatment. For example, one person’s depression can be best treated with medication, and another person can benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy. Also, people with multiple problems can benefit from the treatment of a clinical psychologist. This is true because the clinical psychologist can offer different forms of treatments for the many problems one person can face. This paper will discuss the field of clinical psychology, the history, research methods, and the differences in different fields of psychology. Clinical Psychology Clinical psychology is a science (Plante, 2010). This is true because it uses scientific methods to uncover and validate information. This information includes what kind of behavior and personality people have, and what causes a person to develop (emotions, thinking, and behavior). Clinical psychologists can practice in his or her field in a variety of ways (Irving B. Weiner, n.d.). Some...
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...Fundamentals of Research In: Business and Management Fundamentals of Research THIS PAPER IS ONLY MEANT TO BE USED AS A GUIDE TO HELP OTHERS IN GAINING AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE MATERIAL. PLEASE DO NOT PLAGIARIZE MY WORK! Fundamentals of Research Amanda Lopez BSHS/382 October 31, 2011 Kevin Benbow Fundamentals of Research Research plays a vital role in the human services field. Utilizing research methods (such as the scientific method) assists human services professionals in making numerous informed decisions daily. This paper will provide a detailed description of the scientific method and the fundamentals of research by first defining the term ‘scientific method’ as well as by providing an explanation of how it relates to human services research. The steps in the process of scientific inquiry will be reviewed along with why each of these steps must be included to support the scientific method. A human services research example of the scientific method that identifies each of the steps involved in the process of scientific inquiry will also be provided. Likewise, the terms quantitative and qualitative research will be defined and an explanation of the manner in which they differ as well as relate to the human services field and the scientific method will be included along with specific examples of what sort of study is appropriate for each methodology and an explanation why. The term mixed method research will then be defined and the strengths associated with...
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...MARKET RESEARCH & ITS APPLICATION Introduction As a manager you are making decisions all the time. It is your responsibility to reduce the risk associated with the decisions which you make. The risk arises because of lack of complete information. Therefore, you are always seeking information to improve the quality of decision making. In many areas of management, such as production, finance and personnel, the information required for decision making is primarily generated within the firm and is easy to collect and analyse. Definition Market research is defined as "research into the size, location, and makeup of a product market." (Webster) "Marketing research specifies the information required to address these issues; designs the method for collecting information; manages and implements the data collection process; anayzes the results; and communicates the findings and their implications." (AMA) "The marketing research is the key element within the total field of marketing information. It links the consumer, customer and public to the marketer through information which are used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; to generate, refine and evaluate marketing activities; and to improve understanding of marketing as a process and the ways through which specific marketing activities can be made more effective" (ESOMAR) Process of Market Research 1. Defining the problem and research objectives...
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...LP-2.1-Assignment: End-of-Chapter Exercises............ Describe the five steps in the marketing research process. Step 1-Locating and Defining issues or problems: This step focus on uncovering the nature and boundaries of a situation or question related to marketing strategy or implementation. In defining the issues or problems, the researcher should take into account the purpose of the study, the relevant background information is needed, and how it will be used in decision making. Step 2-Designing the Research Project: This step is focused on created a research plan or overall approach on how you are going to solve the issue or problem identified. A research plan or approach is a framework or blueprint for conducting the marketing research project. It details the procedures necessary for obtaining the required information, and its purpose is to design a study that will test the hypothesis of interest, determine possible answers to the research questions, and provide the information needed for decision making. Research Design Involves the Following steps : [2] Secondary data analysis Qualitative research Methods of collecting quantitative data {survey, observation, and experimentation}. Definition of the information needed Measurement and scaling procedure Questionnaire design Sample process and sample size Plan of data analysis ...
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...Organizational Psychologists offer a corporation unbiased, fresh ideas in the area of improvement and advancement using various methods of analysis and research. The following paper will examine the field of organization psychology by defining, explaining the evolution, comparing and contrasting organizational psychology with related disciplines and analyzing the role of research and statistics. Defining Organizational Psychology Organizational psychology as defined by Jex & Brit(2008) is a “field that utilizes scientific methodology to better understand the behavior of individuals working in organizational settings” (p. 1). In the most basic terms, organizational psychology uses the scientific psychological principles and research methodology to study numerous topics that are vital to comprehending human behavior in different organizations. An applied field, organizational psychology is relevant to numerous work settings and applies research in the effort to increase productivity in the workplace. Organizational psychology focuses on specific conduct and behaviors employees exhibit on the job; particularly ones in need of intervention or improvement, and offers plans of action with the goal of encouraging positive workplace morale. This type of psychology concentrates on the human portion of the working environment and through research, surveying, or interviewing, can produce fair-minded plans of implementation to improve workplace conditions and thus assists in capitalizing...
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...Research Process and Methodologies Study Guide Andrea Aguilar HCS/465 November 23, 2015 Jeanine Maine Research Process and Methodologies Study Guide This paper will have information in regards to research methodologies, and what style can be effective for research. I will be explaining the steps in the research process. I will summarize the difference between a hypothesis and a research question. I will be explaining the types of research methodologies. Including the types of data collection tools used in health care research. This paper will have some sampling methodologies. Also the types of statistical analyses. Explain the steps in the research process There are many different styles in the research process. However, each style does have the same steps in the research process. According to Priest and Roberts (2015) there are eight steps that need to be taken in consideration for research. The first step is to identify the problem. This can also be developing a research question. To identify a problem or question, one must gather some knowledge or information that is needed by the source. The second step is reviewing the literature. By reviewing the literature, the researcher must review the literature related to what was identified as the problem. This step provides foundational knowledge about the problem area. The third step is clarifying the problem. After the literature has been reviewed, the researcher must narrow it down to what the...
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