...In this essay he will be explaining the different roles metaphors play in helping people understand the concept of artificial intelligence. He will also give his opinion on if the brain is a so-called meat machine, and giving different examples of metaphors that prefer to the function of the human brain. I also will be explaining how Victor Frankl would answer the question, “What does it mean to be human?” The author will give his definition of what it means to be a human, while describing what metaphors Victor Frankl used to communicate his ideas. He will also be discussing the different difficulties of addressing certain characteristics and whether the characteristics are limited to humans. When it comes to metaphors and the roles they play in helping people understand artificial intelligence, they are significant to people who need a demonstration or idea of what’s going on. Artificial intelligence is basically computer created to perform human like activities, so describing a situation such as cars, machine made will make the definition of it more understandable to some. After reading and defining different terms to help me understand the situation, I have come to the conclusion that the brain is a meat-machine because it controls the body and it daily functions. That is similar to a machine because it is set to perform daily tasks to perform a certain goal. Different metaphors that have been used are the spider-web which is delicate and connects many things, it responds...
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...FREE WILL OR DETERMINISM 1 Free Will or Determinism Ashley Magee American InterContinental University FREE WILL OR DETERMINISM 2 Abstract This essay will discuss free will versus determinism. This will be a dialogue between an imaginary Socrates and me. A series of questions will be discussed to describe determinism and free will. FREE WILL OR DETERMINISM 3 Socrates: What is your definition of determinism? Ashley: Determinism is the thought that each event is caused by something. Since human actions could be looked at as an event then each choice is because of a cause. Socrates: So, if every event is based on a cause then we do not have free will. Ashley: I don’t believe human action is an event, I feel like we all make our own decisions and our fate is determined by our decisions. Socrates: What is your definition of free will? Ashley: Free will is to act without the confinement of fate. This is acting at one’s own concern. Socrates: Is it not true that we all have our own fate? Ashley: I believe that our fate lies in our own hands. It is up to us to decide how we live our lives. Socrates: Do you feel that every event has an explanatory cause? Ashley: I do not feel that way. Some things just can’t be explained and we will never know why some things happen. Socrates: Is it not true that everything happens for a reason? Ashley: I think that everything happens because of the decision that we made. Whether good or bad things happen...
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...Chelsea Nicole T. Paclibar English 102-07 May 18, 2015 Argumentative Essay Essay #2: Final Draft Zinaida’s Love Determines Her Fate Ivan Turgenev’s “First Love,” is a story of unrequited and self-sacrificing love that tries to conquer all odds despite the circumstances. Love is the central theme of this story and it is therefore portrayed by the main characters. It follows a story of a young man named Vladimir Petrovich, as he falls in and out of love with his neighbor, Princess Zinaida Alexandrovna, daughter of Princess Zasyekin. Yet his love and admiration gets crushed after realizing that Zinaida is just being affectionate towards him because she sees him as a brother, and rather, that she is in love with Vladimir’s father, Pyotr Petrovich, which then ends up as an affair between both characters. The story concludes with both of them being exposed to this huge controversial scandal of adultery and results in Zinaida’s new loveless marriage and eventually her death. This story shows different meanings as to what love can be, as well as self-control and domination. Princess Zinaida deserved her fate because of her despicable personality, inconsistent affection towards suitors and immature outlook in love and happiness. Firstly, Princess Zinaida deserved her fate because of her despicable personality. She is a beautiful young lady who does not have that much to offer besides her pretty face. Princess Zinaida’s personality throughout the whole story, can be attributed...
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...an attitude of recklessness and disrespect throughout the play. When he makes his proclamation and no one confesses to the murder of Laius, Oedipus loses patience immediately and rushes into his curse. Later, he displays a short temper to Tiresias: "You, you scum of the earth . . . out with it, once and for all!," (ll. 381, 383) and "Enough! Such filth from him? Insufferable--what, still alive? Get out--faster, back where you came from--vanish!" (ll. 490-492) If an unwillingness to listen may be considered stubbornness, certainly Oedipus would take advice from no one who would tell him to drop the matter of his identity, among them Tiresias, the shepherd, and even Jocasta. Even after Oedipus thinks he has received a reprieve from the fate he fears when he hears that Polybus is dead, he does not have the sense to keep still. "So! Jocasta, why, why look to the Prophet’s hearth . . . all those prophesies I feared . . . they’re nothing, worthless," he says. (ll.1053-1054, 1062, 1064) To the shepherd,...
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...THE DEFINITION OF CONFLICT This essay we will examine the definition of conflict, its use as a tool in living in community and cooperation with others and how this learner intends to incorporate it. Conflict is a multi-dimensional communication process that takes place between two or more interdependent parties who believe that they have incompatible objectives or agendas (Abigail & Cahn 2011). This type of communication process is termed as an interpersonal encounter (conflict). These encounters are generally the results of direct, indirect and/or perceived relationship difficulties. These difficulties are normally centered on one’s perception of the engagement and are triggered by a rational matter (Wilmot & Hocker, 2011). The Complexities’ of Conflict: Conflict is often viewed by many as a negative act that is argumentative, inflated, redundant, and combative. However, according to Abigail & Cahn (2011) conflict is an inevitable interpersonal function that exists due to the complexities of interdependent relationships. Interdependent relationships are a natural byproduct of family, work, school, community and a host of other close knit relationships. Often these relationships are influenced by one’s social economic status as well as their social cultures and value systems (Wilmot & Hocker, 2011). Furthermore, all conflict is directly related to one’s ability to accept and agree with how an individual or entity is managing their interactions and relationship with...
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...Problems of Philosophy Essay #1 Compatibilism, the belief that one can be entirely free and wholly responsible for one’s actions regardless of the fact that those actions have been predetermined by a previous chain of events, is flawed in its definition of free will and remains contradictory with determinist views. If one is to maintain a determinist perspective, then it is logical to believe that we cannot be held morally accountable for our actions since we lack the free will to carry them out. If you are unable to exercise your free will, it does not exist. Many argue that a distinct classification of the words “free will” do not exist; thus, if the words are void of one true meaning, it is not possible to brand any definition of it as wrong or “flawed”. In response, those words may be associated with several different meanings, however, it is still possible to scrutinize each definition within its context as opposed to picking apart the general idea. For example, compatibilists classify free will as the ability to make decisions and choices that one is not coerced to make. These choices are based on desires and beliefs. This specific view supports the notion that even though every single one of our actions has already been accounted for and predetermined, the fact that you could make another choice (regardless of whether or not you do) validates the fact that free will does indeed exist. For instance, suppose that you reading this paper at this very moment was preordained...
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...“A Good Man is Hard to Find” by Flannery O’connor is a short story about a family whose vacation trip turns quickly into a tragical experience when meeting a runaway criminal known as the Misfit. The story mainly focuses on the definition of a “good man”, by exploring this the story reveals the gender roles that are being played in the story. “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” shows how women are being treated and are portrayed in the story. The female characters in the story demonstrate how a woman should dress and act in ordered to be considered “good” to a “good man”. According to society, a couple of the many expectations of a women is being understanding and submissive; In O’connor’s story, the grandmother demonstrates these qualities when...
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...2/21/2015 2/21/2015 James Turner Philosophy-1101 James Turner Philosophy-1101 Philosophy of Life And Other Essays By. B.J. Gupta Philosophy of Life And Other Essays By. B.J. Gupta B.J. Gupta gets right to the point in his book “Philosophy of life”. He does not use outlandish sentences and problematical paragraphs to explain what he is saying. The book starts out by his explanations of philosophy, and Gupta gives two examples of what philosophy meant in the past and what it means nowadays. Back when philosophy was developed a philosopher had been considered a thinker, and it did not matter on what subject. Nowadays, a philosopher is a thinker of non-materialistic subjects like knowledge. Those subjects like science, history, and economics have their own sets of thinkers labelled scientist, historian, economist etc. Gupta is saying that philosophy used to touch on many subjects, and even though these other subjects are not called philosophy, philosophy is in their DNA and always will be. (Gupta, p. 1) Then Gupta gives an example of “Philosophy of Life” he got of the internet, which is “Any philosophical view or vision of the nature or purpose of life or of the way that life should be lived”. (Random House, Inc., 2015) He does not give his own definition on the subject, but he does go on explaining that everyone has his or her own outlook on the philosophy of life, you do not have to be a philosopher to have an opinion on the matter. Some outlooks...
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...children. These are the basic types of groups that branches out from the family, the nature of the group however changes and reconfigures over time. (ibid, 2006) In schools for instance, children play for sport teams, belong to social groups and in university, they form groups to undertake a particular assignments. Shifting from universities to workplaces, groups play prominent role as individuals become staff groups and join political parties. (ibid, 2006) Groups are therefore a fundamental part of social life. This essay will examine some of the key issues in defining group and its underpinning theories. Clear cut divining line between small and big groups. The paper will then discuss about the different types of groups that exist, its interdependence and the relation between parties and how this influences and creates conflicts among the members. The text then looks into how interdependence becomes conflict and whether conflict is always a bad thing….. Definition of groups Defining the concept of group itself and it is consistence has been more difficult than it might initially seem. (Owen & Dickson, 2006) For instance, Homans (1950) defines a group as ‘a number of people who communicate with one another often over a span of time, and who are few enough so that each person is able to communicate with...
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...William Shakespeare’s King Lear and Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex are two classic pieces of literature that are worth studying. This essay will discuss how free will and destiny function in the two plays. First, the plays will be introduced and analyzed separately to provide a basis for contrast and comparison. Once the foundation is established, more advanced ideas will be discussed, such as the concept of evil and literal and figurative sight. Oedipus Rex will be discussed first. The role of destiny is very obvious is this play. The plot is built around destiny; when Oedipus hears that his destiny is to murder his father and marry his mother, he sets out to confirm this prediction and then prevent it. In his attempt to avoid his fate, he unwittingly commits the very acts that were predicted. The actual logistics of the offense are quite impressive. Both Oedipus and his parents work independently of each other to avoid the outcome, and their actions tragically work together to make it possible. The reader is slapped in the face with the core of the theme, which is that the fate of man is inevitable. Since Oedipus was fated to commit these crimes, he cannot do otherwise. The role of fate and free will is much more complex in Shakespeare’s King Lear. A quick perusal of the plot gives a story of good and evil characters exercising their own free wills. King Lear foolishly divides up his kingdom to his two deceitful, older daughters and ignores Cordelia, his honest, dutiful...
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...William Shakespeare’s King Lear and Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex are two classic pieces of literature that are worth studying. This essay will discuss how free will and destiny function in the two plays. First, the plays will be introduced and analyzed separately to provide a basis for contrast and comparison. Once the foundation is established, more advanced ideas will be discussed, such as the concept of evil and literal and figurative sight. Oedipus Rex will be discussed first. The role of destiny is very obvious is this play. The plot is built around destiny; when Oedipus hears that his destiny is to murder his father and marry his mother, he sets out to confirm this prediction and then prevent it. In his attempt to avoid his fate, he unwittingly commits the very acts that were predicted. The actual logistics of the offense are quite impressive. Both Oedipus and his parents work independently of each other to avoid the outcome, and their actions tragically work together to make it possible. The reader is slapped in the face with the core of the theme, which is that the fate of man is inevitable. Since Oedipus was fated to commit these crimes, he cannot do otherwise. The role of fate and free will is much more complex in Shakespeare’s King Lear. A quick perusal of the plot gives a story of good and evil characters exercising their own free wills. King Lear foolishly divides up his kingdom to his two deceitful, older daughters and ignores Cordelia, his honest, dutiful...
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...‘[They] took the whore for first-aid treatment’ are the character Hussain Kirha’s last words about Hamida, which depicts the dismissiveness and aversion by which several of the novel’s characters view Hamida at the novel’s end. One therefore asks: Is this how Mahfouz wants his readers to view Hamida at the novel’s end? Despite the greedy ambition that characterises the pretty alley girl who resents the restricted life that her Midaq Alley environment has to offer her, this essay seeks to show that although Mahfouz offers an off-putting representation of Hamida, it is still possible that she deserves our sympathy as much as our disapproval. In Chapter 5 we witness Hamida’ s daily promenade from Sanadiqiya to Mousky Street where the alley women’s hatred of Hamida is revealed in their conviction that she is ‘wild and totally lacking in the virtues of femininity. Mahfouz’s language depicts the women’s perception of Hamida’s behaviour. The adjective ‘unusual’ denotes Hamida’s singular attitude regarding how she wishes to lead her life, while the adjective ‘wild’ and the adverb ‘totally’ hyperbolise Hamida’s rebellious behaviour. One of the alley women even hoped ‘to God to see her a mother too, suckling children under the care of a tyrannical husband who beat her unmercifully! ‘ The adjective ‘tyrannical’ and the adverb ‘unmercifully’ emphatically outline the cruelly confined future that awaits Hamida should she remain in the alley, and convey how the alley women wish for Hamida...
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...actions are ethical. According to act utilitarianism, it would be unethical, as more disutility would arise from the fisherman fishing in the Grand Banks than utility. This essay will prove why this action is unethical from an act utilitarian’s perspective, and will argue this by looking at how the consequences of the fisherman’s actions will affect everyone involved. The fish, ecosystem, fisherman, and townspeople will all be effected negatively in the long run and suffer the consequences that would arise if the fisherman were to continue to fish in the Grand Banks. Act utilitarianism distinguishes actions as right or wrong by the amount of good or bad consequences that develop after the action is performed. The theory bases the good and bad consequences “in terms of its ‘utility’ and disutility’,”(19). The utility can be described as something that has intrinsic value, highlighting what the utilitarian finds valuable, whereas disutility is considered to be whatever the utilitarian finds lacks intrinsic worth. Act utilitarianism can be described as, “an act [that] is right and only right if there is no other action I could have done instead which either (a) would have produced a greater balance of utility over disulity; or (b) would have produced a smaller balance of disutility over utility” (19). This definition provides information that supports the idea that an act utilitarian is in favour of doing the action that provides the most utility as...
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...were questioning the foundations of society and reexamining the meaning of morality. The horrors of the concentration camps and the atom bomb had just been brought to the surface. Evidence of the human capacity for evil and destruction was everywhere. Jean-Paul Sartre, like many other philosophers at the time, wrote his own essay, Existentialism, in an attempt to answer these moral and ethical questions about human nature and free will. Sartre is correct to say that people are free and must choose their own path in life, but also contradicts himself and fails to appreciate people’s diversity. Sartre begins his essay in a very confusing way. He brings the reader into a very complicated argument over the meaning of Existentialism. He says that the word has lost its meaning and needs to be redefined, “…by this time the word has been so stretched and has taken on so broad a meaning, it no longer means anything at all” (343). Sartre begins clarifying existentialism by focusing on the individual. He says, “Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself” (345). Here Sartre explains how human beings have no pre-determined destiny but are in charge of their own fate, and ultimately choose who they are going to be. Sartre, as an atheist, doesn’t believe there exists a divine being laying out rules for humans to follow. He says, ““…if God does not exist, there is at least one being in whom existence precedes essence, a being who exists before he can be defined by any concept, and that...
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...100-013 11/12/13 Met Museum Essay for Socrates I told my friends the most important thing to know about Socrates is that he is a man who never stops asking questions. It’s very annoying but we can learn a lot by focus on his style of thinking. He keeps asking question because he will never accept a fact at face value and holding it as truth. It’s actually good that he attempts to ask questions to get different perspectives and considers all approaches. Then I provided them with the examples from “The Republic Book I”. In the book, Socrates wants to find the definition for justice and the just life. He first test the definition with Cephalus to see if that’s a satisfy definition, if not, he will have to keep question until he gets the right definition. Cephalus’s definition of just is that as long as we always tell the truth and always pay back what is owed, we are doing the right thing. Socrates then asks if your definition is right, what if a friend of yours asks you to hold on to a weapon for him and then comes back one day in a state of rage asks for it back, will you give him the weapon back? Cephalus then realizes that can’t be the right definition. Then he continues on testing the definition with Polemarchus but Socrates, in his way of thinking, always questions against Polemarchus. Meanwhile, Thrasymachus can’t stand Socrates and accuses that Socrates never gives his own definition of justice but keep questioning others. Thrasymachus’s definition of justice is nothing...
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