...semiannual crime statistics. While a decrease in crime is almost always a good thing, understanding what risk factors are associated with the crime, and knowing what can be done to further prevent the crime from occurring in the first place, are integral parts of further deterring a specific crime. However, when people think of arson, they rarely know what factors lead a person to commit it. There isn’t nearly as clear a picture of an arsonist as one may have of a thief or hackers. While there may not be as clear an image of what an arsonist looks like, there are multiple studies done to show what may...
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...include additional taxation which could be applied to activities or jobs within the agricultural, marketing, and retailing sectors that would be generated if marijuana where to be legalized. Although legalization of marijuana may produce more jobs, stimulate the economy, and possibly reduce the majority of crime produced by the illegal distribution of marijuana. I still disagree with the idea and choose to rebuttal this article for the lack of reliability, validity of data used, and the faulty comparison that was displayed in this article. First off, TIME magazine is a well-known newsmagazine that has been publishing articles on politics, world issues, and business related topics since March 3, 1923 (TIME magazine, 2012). They are also partners with Cable News Network (CNN) which is a respected news source. Both of these factors are enough to convince the majority of individuals to think they are reliable sources when reading information regarding certain topics. For the most part they are, unfortunately I found a correction noted on the bottom of this article which causes me to think otherwise. The correction states “ The original version of this article misstated a statistic concerning policing in the U.S. Marijuana accounts for 47% of all drug arrests, not all arrests” (TIME magazine, 2009). In most cases I would give TIME magazine the benefit of the doubt and accept that the mistake as a simple mistake or typing error. However, since this article involves a controversial...
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...President to the United States faithfully…” (112-113) Silence versus Voice: Exploring the Effects of the Stop-and-Frisk Law on Black Citizens in Claudia Rankine’s Citizen: An American Lyric. In Citizen: An American Lyric, Claudia Rankine’s prose poetry sheds light on the racial aggressions...
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...It is commonly accepted that our perception of any social phenomenon is directed to a large extent by the media, including newspapers, television programs and the internet (Williams, 2012). Chadee (2001) conducted research, attempting to reveal the effect that media has on people, and discovered that the primary source of information on crime had been both television and newspaper reports (Jones, 2009). This encourages the notion that media influences what people perceive to be criminal trends (Jones, 2009). It is observed that media coverage can arouse fear and insecurity by sensationalizing and exaggerating crime, in an attempt to achieve popularity and secure material gains (Marsh and Melville, 2011). In this respect, “the media does distort...
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...from these papers will be compared with each other, exploring the similarities and differences between them. The articles in question are ‘Top-Toc-Treat-Junkies-like-patients not criminals’ which appears in The Sun and The Guardians article ‘Leading doctor urges decriminalisation of drugs’. Broadsheet and tabloid newspapers employ different techniques to appeal to their readership. A typical tabloid article has a simple headline, sometimes in the form of a pun or using colloquial language which grabs a reader’s attention. The heading in a tabloid article tends to be more vague using less information and leaving itself open for interpretation which means the reader will have to read on for further insight into the story. It has a style of writing is very different from a broadsheet. They tend to use a style of writing which is known as ‘sensational’ or ‘hyperbole’, which can make the story more dramatic than it actually is. The language used in a tabloid appeals to those looking for a less challenging read and targets most ages. Although a tabloid can seem to be less ‘serious’ than a broadsheets, they do often have facts and educated opinions to back up an argument in a article. There is a lot of emotive language used frequently to provoke the emotions readers such as ‘dirty needles’ and ‘awful lifestyles’. A typical broadsheet article, on the other hand, is completely the opposite as it tackles more serious topics about current world affairs and encourages healthy debates...
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...that will come along with it. The piece on the news said that the state was unsure of where that money would come from and this got me wondering why hasn’t Hawaii legalized gambling? I used four sources to delve into both sides of this controversial topic. The first source is a report from CQ Researcher titled “Gambling in America” by Kenneth Jost. The second is an article from The Honolulu Star-Advertiser “On Politics” column, by Richard Borreca. The third resource I used to gather my information from is Gambling, from the Opposing Viewpoints series and lastly, I conducted an interview with a long time, self-proclaimed professional gambler, who wanted to keep their identity anonymous and asked only to be referred to as “Rush”. After exploring both sides of the topic I’ve come to the conclusion that the pro-gambling side wins. The evidence given by the supporters seems much more concrete and numbers based while the opponents seem to appeal to the public’s pathos using fallacies such as hasty generalizations and post hoc ergo propter hoc. There are many different forms of legalized gambling today, ranging from state lotteries, to commercial casinos, and Internet gambling. I’m going to focus on the two that seem to be most applicable to the state of Hawaii, which are commercial casinos and a state run lottery. CASINOS PROS: Let’s start by looking at casinos. Proponents say that casinos benefit local economies by creating jobs and paying taxes to local Governments, and multiple...
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...Understanding white collar crime Hazel Croall Open University Press Buckingham · Philadelphia Open University Press Celtic Court 22 Ballmoor Buckingham MK18 1XW email: enquiries@openup.co.uk world wide web: www.openup.co.uk and 325 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA First Published 2001 Copyright © Hazel Croall, 2001 All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd of 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1P 0LP. A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 335 20427 9 (pb) 0 335 20428 7 (hb) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Croall, Hazel, 1947– Understanding white collar crime / Hazel Croall. p. cm. — (Crime and justice) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–335–20428–7 — ISBN 0–335–20427–9 (pbk.) 1. White collar crimes. I. Title. II. Crime and justice (Buckingham, England) HV6768 .C755 2001 364.16´8 — dc21 00–050174 Typeset by Type Study, Scarborough Printed in Great Britain by Biddles Limited, Guildford and Kings Lynn chapter ...
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...Police Misconduct and its Social Impact Can Better Police Training result in a decrease of Police Brutality against minorities? A research paper submitted advocating the issues among police agencies in North America. This paper analyzes the protocol that determines the appropriate procedures for a safer community for the victimized minorities through use -of- force incidents. HSB4U1 December 11/12/2015 Summative Report Mrs. Kim By: Julianne Silva Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………Pg. 3 Chapter one: Police Issues American CCPSA Fixing Problems…………………………………………………………Pg. 4 America’s Flawed System……………………………………………………………………Pg. 6 Controlling the Police…………………………………………………………………………Pg. 7 Chapter two: Police Solutions The Debate over Body Cameras…………………………………………………………….Pg. 9 Changing Policies and Regulations...……………………………………………………….Pg. 10 Chapter Three: Community and Behaviour Police Subculture……………………………………………………………………………….Pg.12 Impact on Minorities…………………………………………………………………………….Pg.12 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….Pg.14 Works Cited………………………………………………………………………………………Pg.15 Appendix A: Julianne Silva Survey Summary………………………………………………..Pg.17 Appendix B-1: ………………………………………………………………………………….... Appendix B-2……………………………………………………………………………………... Introduction One of the most controversial topics in police enforcement throughout history has been the issue between racial minorities and the misconduct of police officials...
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...Technology Improvements in Surveillance: Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and Its Effects on Society Oftentimes when people talk about surveillance we naturally think of cameras on the corner of a street or the camera installed by the entrance of a bank. Surveillance is much more in-depth and diverse than that. Surveillance is the act of monitoring the activity of a person or a group of people in a given location for the purpose of gathering information that can be used for the purpose of directing, influencing, managing, or protecting them. Surveillance can be used by individuals, companies, or government agencies as a form of deterrent to crime and evidence for convicting criminals or solving a civil case. There are different forms of surveillance; natural surveillance which involves the placement of physical features, activities and people in a way that maximizes visibility. If a criminal is aware that he or she is at a risk of being watched or observed, a potential crime is less likely to occur. For the purpose of crime deterrent and safety, the traditional form of surveillance, the Patrols, has rapidly been replaced by technology like the closed circuit televisions (CCTV). Patrols cannot be everywhere and also not cost effective; therefore, technological methods of surveillance have quickly been used to supplement patrols because of its cost efficiency and effectiveness. What is CCTV? According to the article Video Surveillance of Public Places by Jerry Ratcliffe, CCTV...
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...03-Banks.qxd 1/30/04 4:52 PM Page 57 3 Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System ETHICAL BACKGROUND It is generally agreed that discrimination based on ethnic origin is morally wrong and a violation of the principle of equality. The equality principle requires that those who are equal be treated equally based on similarities, and that race is not a relevant consideration in that assessment (May and Sharratt 1994: 317). In other words, it is only possible to justify treating people differently if there exists some factual difference between them that justifies such difference in treatment (Rachels 1999: 94). Equality is a nonspecific term that means nothing until applied to a particular context. Thus, in a political context, equality means equal access to public office and equal treatment under the law, and equal treatment extends to equality in terms of job hiring, promotion, and pay. Race refers to groups of persons who are relatively alike in their biological inheritance and are distinct from other groups (American Anthropological Association 1997: 2). Ethnicity is a cultural phenomenon referring to a person’s identification with a particular cultural group (Hinman 1998: 403). Race is socially constructed, and the notion that persons “belong” to a particular race was developed in the last century based on the belief that there was a biological basis for categorizing groups of people. Biologically, however, the term race has no meaning, yet society...
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...Hillary Sheehan Delinquency 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Research Proposal…………………………………………………………………………3 Annotated Bibliography…………………………………………………………………...5 Outline……………………………………………………………………………………10 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………..14 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………15 The “Broken Home”: Truth or Trend……………………………………………15 Statistics on Single-Parent Families and Juvenile Delinquency…………………21 Case Study……………………………………………………………………….23 Theories…………………………………………………………………………..27 Criticisms………………………………………………………………………...32 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….34 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..36 Delinquency 3 Research Proposal The goal of this research paper is to explore the topic of juvenile delinquency and to analyze the cause of such behavior. The topic of most interest is how the family structure plays a role in delinquent behavior and what can be said about the so called broken home. There is a lot of research in criminal justice that tries to explore the reasons behind people’s behavior and this paper is intending to address youth who have been involved in the system. By exploring this topic I hope to get a better understanding of juvenile delinquency facts and trends as well as see what issues play a role in this behavior. There is a lot of research required to narrow my topic so that I can focus in on a point of interest. By looking at the history of juvenile delinquency and particularly the broken home theory a lot insight can...
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...Social networking sites (SNSs) are increasingly used by young people. Critically evaluate claims that their use can have negative effects on users. Recent years have witnessed the exponential increase of web-based social networks, also known as social networking sites (SNSs). By the end of 2011, there were approximately 2.3 billion people (around one third of the global population) using the Internet, and 1.03 billion (about 45%) of which have reported using a social networking site at least once a day (International Telecommunications Union, 2011:1). According to Papacharissi (2009:199), the increasing popularity and the growth of the leading SNSs such as Facebook, My Space, Twitter and LinkedIn are due to the fact that they offer users various platforms to create their own profiles to represent themselves to interact with each other through emails, instant messages and many other integrated communication tools. While a variety of definitions of the term SNS have been suggested, this essay will use the one first suggested by Boyd and Ellison (2007:210) who saw it as: “web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile, communicate with other users with whom they share a connection and view and navigate through their own list of connections as well as those of others.” As more people are becoming SNS users, it could be argued that more negative than positive impacts on society and human relationships can be seen in daily life (Ybarra...
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...Should the minimum age of criminal responsibility be raised? ‘Boys will be boys’, but at what age does this no longer apply? At what age is a boy expected to take on the responsibilities of a man? The Children and Young Persons Act 1963 (s.16) provides that ‘It shall be conclusively presumed that no child under the age of ten years can be guilty of an offence’. This means that once a child in the UK reaches the age of ten they are as exposed and liable to the full weight of the law the same as any adult. The UK currently has the lowest minimum age of criminal responsibility (except Scotland at 8 but cannot be prosecuted until 12) within the European Union. This places the UK significantly below the average of 14 years old. There seems to be little justification for this deviance from the norm in regards to the minimum age of responsibility in the UK and there have been considerable publications pushing for the UK to raise the minimum age of criminal responsibility in the last decade, providing substantial evidence in favour of doing so. The evidence supporting the need to raise this minimum age can be found not only in psychology and scientific research regarding the brain development of youth and autonomy of children at this age, but also the severe social implications of criminalizing our youth. In order to argue that the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be raised it will be necessary to identify and evaluate this evidence, as well as identifying...
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...in low and middle income countries has either ignored the issue of income distribution or has tended to view income distribution only in terms of its impact on economic growth. Poverty and inequality, however, are intimately bound up with one another.[3] Both as an analytic issue and as a policy issue, there are severe limitations in attempting to deal with poverty – or, more broadly, with economic well-being – without also examining income inequality. Indeed, it is questionable that we can even define poverty independently of income distribution. In this essay, I want to develop the argument that economists and economic policy-makers should focus much greater attention on inequality as measured by the distribution of income (and wealth). The traditional focus simply on absolute levels of income as a measure of poverty and economic well-being is fundamentally flawed. My argument here has thee parts: • Poverty or, more generally, economic well-being cannot be effectively defined as distinct from income distribution. • Income distribution is fundamental to our understanding of justice (fairness) and human rights, and relative...
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...RESEARCH and WRITING CUSTOM EDITION Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener ISBN 0-558-55519-5 Research and Writing, Custom Edition. Published by Pearson Custom Publishing. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing. Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. New York, New York 10036 To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. Permission in writing must be obtained from the publisher before any part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system. All trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, and registered service marks are the property of their respective owners and are used herein for identification purposes only. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-536-97722-4 2005240359 AP Please visit our web site at www.pearsoncustom.com ISBN 0-558-55519-5 PEARSON CUSTOM PUBLISHING ...
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