...Lab 5: DATA TABLES: CARBON CYCLE LESSON 1 |Lesson 1: |Gaseous Carbon |Ocean Water |Fossil Fuels |Biosphere Gaseous Carbon | |Step 1 | | | | | |To Year |Atmosphere |Ocean Surface |Deep Ocean |Oil and Gas |Coal |Soil |Terrestrial Plants| |2000 |700 |1000 |38000 |500 |2000 |1800 |700 | |2050 |863 |1000 |38000 |168 |1818 |+237 |752 | |2100 |1395 |+197 |+699 |0 |676 |+298 |833 | |Lesson 1: |Total Carbon |Gaseous Carbon |Ocean Water |Fossil Fuels |Biosphere Gaseous Carbon | |Step 2 |Emissions | | | | | |To Year | |If only one half of the flora in the world existed in 2100 (perhaps due to deforestation), what do you predict the atmospheric carbon | |level would be? How would you change the simulation to...
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...within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. The causes of increasing greenhouse gases are: Burning fossil fuels, thus releasing into the atmosphere carbon that has been safely stored for millions of years by burning coal, oil and natural gas for transport and electricity. An enormous demand for electricity. The growing population of the earth all want cars, refrigerators, air-conditioning and a double garage. Most electricity is generated by burning coal. A constant and growing demand for red meat. Cattle belch out methane, a toxic greenhouse gas, much more dangerous than carbon dioxide. More and more forests and bushland, which absorb carbon dioxide from the air, are being cut down so more cattle can graze. A reduction in the planet's ability to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The earth has natural sources of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas), and has had long before mankind began altering the environment, but the earth has natural means to actually remove some greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide which is removed by plants (especially dense, tall forests) through photosynthesis. Global deforestation...
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...forms the basic functional unit of ecology (Boyle & Senior, 2008, p.602). Humans are part of the ecosystem where we play the role of consumers. Humans need a supply of mineral nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous which make up the carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids in our bodies. Minerals nutrients are recycled over and over again, passing between organisms in the ecosystem. The carbon, oxygen and nitrogen in our bodies could be part of the soil a year ago (Boyle & Senior, 2008, p6210). Instead of adapting to the environment like most other species do; we, humans change habitats and interfere with the ecosystem to suit ourselves as consumers. Altered nutrient cycles are one of the consequences of advancement of humans. Humans bring about environmental damages by influencing the carbon cycle in two ways. Firstly, forests removed for farming and housing have caused the depletion in plants and trees. Deforestation has reduced the numbers of trees and plants that absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. The uptake of carbon dioxide by plants and oceans is not fast enough. As a result, the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere increased by 25% between 1870 and 1990. (Lenntech.com) The second activity humans do that influence the carbon cycle is by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas in industries and transportations. The environmental damage is significant because the emission of waste gases from those activities is causing...
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...Forests in a Global Context Q1 What is the relationship between human evolution and grassland and how does this relate to global distribution of forests? Grasslands developed approximately 25 million years ago, and together with the modern homosapiens residing in Africa, they both helped each other. The relationship between grasslands and humans is extremely complex, the grasslands provide a majority of human nutrition and in turn the humans assist in their spread. By felling once tall standing forests and turning them into grasslands, the humans had a way to feed the animals they herded which in turn provided them with a source of meat and other vital nutrition necessary to sustain life for growth. Furthermore the grasslands also provided a fertile region for he humans to plant various types of crops such as maize, rice and wheat etc., further providing evidence that humans were once not only hunters but also gatherers. Once all existing value was used from the grassland, the prehistoric humans used fire as a mean to control the grassland, thereby expanding it to allow more area for animals to graze and for them to gather, or as a mean of clearing out and inhibiting woody vegetation in a new area for them to use. Burning the area when soil became infertile provided many benefits. The young plants provided an excellent source for the herds to graze on and also acted as bait to attract wild animals (potential food). Humans have affected the global distribution of forests...
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...Can Grass Be Stronger than A Tree? Abstract: As population increases and global warming changes the environment, the strains on our atmosphere and land become obvious. Our forests and jungles are the largest consumer of CO2 we have and are in dangerous decline. Deforestation and jungle destruction not only reduces biodiversity and wildlife refuges, but also contributes to global warming. In order to preserve our forests, we need to find new ways to reduce our dependency on wood. Since bamboo is one of the fastest growing grasses, a significant converter of CO2 and potentially as strong as wood – this project will test the strength of wood against bamboo. If bamboo can support even close to the same weight as wood, we can imagine a day when bamboo can be used as a replacement. In an effort to make this experiment practical, within my appendix, I will also propose a way that we can grow bamboo in the Bay Area utilizing marginal/unused land. These areas will create revolutionary new carbon-offset zones, provide additional revenue to local governments, reduce significant amounts of CO2, develop new businesses in an emerging industry, and promote, by example, green living. Purpose: Is bamboo stronger than wood, and if so, can it help us stop global warming? Research: Hypothesis: The wood will break under the same conditions and weight before the bamboo. Materials: 9 sticks of bamboo sized per test 9 pieces of solid wood sized per test 2 large plastic buckets ...
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...in whole or in part can be found at: http://www.sciencemag.org/about/permissions.dtl Science (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published weekly, except the last week in December, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copyright c 2004 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved. The title SCIENCE is a registered trademark of AAAS. TOWARD A HYDROGEN ECONOMY SPECIAL SECTION REVIEW Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies S. Pacala1* and R. Socolow2* Humanity already possesses the fundamental scientific, technical, and industrial know-how to solve the carbon and climate problem for the next...
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...UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS AND PROVIDING A USEFUL SOLUTION REGARDING GLOBAL WARMING IN CONNECTION TO GAS LAWS A Term Paper Regarding Issues and Concerns about Gas Laws Louie Alison Bernal III- Boyle I. Introduction Background of the Study Global warming refers to an unequivocal and continuing rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system Nowadays, as technology rises, the issues regarding global warming also rises. The machineries, factories, automobiles, and even gadgets play important role in the production of gases that contributes to global warming. In these days, the earth continues to face lots of problems regarding gases. One of this is global warming. Producing solution to the said issue became a must. But unfortunately, scientists cannot find a solution to it. . Statement of the Problem This project is designed to produce a solution to minimize the effects of Global Warming. It specifically sought to answer the following questions: 1. Can the researcher produce a good solution to minimize the effects of global warming? 2. Is the solution effective? Significance of the Study Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking up earlier, plant and animal ranges have shifted and trees are flowering sooner...
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...time that will cause a chemical imbalance of the atmosphere, resulting in climate change. Nations that emit greenhouse gases at levels beyond their fair share of safe global emissions are obligated to aid in financing reasonable adaptation essentials and unavoidable damages of low-emitting countries and individuals that have done little to cause climate change. There is no one individual that can be held responsible for the damage associated with climate change. Instead of a single cause, millions of people will have made tiny, almost imperceptible casual contributions through apparently innocent acts (Vanderheiden, Steven). These small acts, when combined, cause the Carbon dioxide concentration in the air to increase exponentially, greatly enhancing the greenhouse effect over a period of time. Despite Carbon dioxide concentrations increasing at an...
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...Coral reefs form some of the most diverse ecosystems on earth. They occupy less than 1% of the worlds ocean surface, about half the area of France, yet they provide a home for 25% of all marine species, including fishes, molluscs, echinoderms and sponges. They are most commonly found at shallow depths in tropical waters, particularly in the Pacific Ocean. Coral reefs deliver ecosystem services to tourism, fisheries and shoreline protection. The annual global economic value of coral reefs has been estimated at $375 billion. It is believed to have emerged more than 540 million years ago. New species originate 50% faster in coral reefs than in any other habitats. The fossil records show that reefs have been remarkably successful in surviving through large environmental disturbances. However the combination of drastic environmental changes that we're seeing today, such as degraded water quality, depleted fish stocks, coral bleaching, ocean acidification and loss of habitat causes them to be under great threat. Coral reefs are perhaps one of the greatest but, least known of wonders of our world. There are three different kinds of coral reefs. There are fringing, barrier, and atoll. Fringing reefs are attached to margins of an island or continent, rough, table like surface, as much as 1 kilometer wide. On their seaward side they slope steeply to the ocean floor. Fringing reefs grow in shallow water near the shore and prefer dry climates with limited river runoff. There are...
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...irradiance (Global) Earth’s energy budget & human use Quadrillion BTU 100% Incoming Solar Energy Wood 64% - Radiated to space Coal 51% - Absorbed by land and oceans Oil &Gas 23% - Carried to clouds Hydropower &Nuclear (1900-) 20% - Reflected by clouds 16% - Absorbed by atmosphere 15% - Radiation absorbed by atmosphere 7% - Conduction and rising air 6% - Reflected by atmosphere 6% - Radiated directly into space 4% - Reflected from Earth’s surface 3% - Absorbed by clouds Greenhouse gases (types and impact) – Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Halocarbons (fluorine, chlorine, bromine) Ozone – Good up high, bad nearby Surface albedo - The proportion of the incident light or radiation reflected by a surface. Tropical deforestation increases the albedo of the Earth’s surface. Cooling effect with land use change, Heating effect with heating effect with black carbon deposition....
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...global temp – climate change * Causes other types of climate change * Context hazard – global in scale (affects all parts of environment) – potential to trigger other hazards or make them worse * Chronic Hazard (Long term) * People who aren’t causing the problem are mostly affected * Difficult to find solutions * Hydro-meteorological hazards becoming more frequent * Increasing hydro-meteorological hazards due to global warming * Number of disasters increasing due to: Human Factors * Rapid population growth and urbanisation – increases number of vulnerable people, especially in poor countries * Increasing world poverty – poor people more vulnerable to hazards * Exploitation of resources – deforestation and loss of wetlands –...
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...|Environmental Research | | | |Natural Science 1 | | | |1/29/2015 | | | |April S. Domingo 1st Year BSBA Economics | | | | | |Atty. Vicente T. Peña | Environmental pollution is “the contamination of the physical and biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected” Pollution is the introduction...
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...Climate change From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For current and future climatological effects of human influences, see global warming. For the study of past climate change, see paleoclimatology. For temperatures on the longest time scales, see geologic temperature record. [pic] |Atmospheric sciences | |[pic] | |Aerology | |Atmospheric physics | |Atmospheric dynamics (category) | |Atmospheric chemistry (category) | |Meteorology | |Weather (category) · (portal) | |Tropical cyclone (category) | |Climatology | |Climate (category) | |Climate change (category) | |Global warming (category) · (portal) | |v · d · e | Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions or the distribution of events around that average (e.g., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change may be limited to a specific region or may occur across the whole Earth. |Contents ...
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...Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have also been identified as significant causes of recent climate change, often referred to as "global warming". Scientists actively work to understand past and future climate by using observations and theoretical models. A climate record — extending deep into the Earth's past — has been assembled, and continues to be built up, based on geological evidence from borehole temperature profiles, cores removed from deep accumulations of ice, floral and faunal records, glacial and periglacial processes, stable-isotope and other analyses of sediment layers, and records of past sea levels. More recent data are provided by the instrumental record. General circulation models, based on the physical sciences, are often used in theoretical approaches to match past climate data, make future projections, and link causes and effects in climate change. Terminology The most general definition of climate change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over long periods...
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...Corporate Carbon Strategies Threats and opportunities arising from the new energy imperative Reference Code: BI00036-019 Publication Date: March 2011 1 About the authors Professor Merlin Stone Merlin is Head of Research at The Customer Framework. He is author or co-author of many articles and thirty books and also on the editorial advisory boards of several academic journals. He has a first class honors degree and doctorate in economics from Sussex University, UK. In parallel to his business career, he has also pursued a full academic career, holding senior posts at various universities. He is now a visiting professor at De Montfort, Oxford Brookes and Portsmouth Universities, teaches economics for the Open University and marketing for Exeter University. Jane Fae Ozimek The author is a writer and researcher in the areas of IT, Business and the Law. Jane is currently editor of the Journal of Database Marketing and has previously published works on the use of statistics in business and Marketing Resource Management. Recent research papers include publications on the misuse of security protocols by major corporations, and a re-evaluation of the Loyalty Ladder concept in marketing theory. Jane was also co-author of the recently published Carbon Trading and the Effect of the Copenhagen Agreement (published by Business Insights, 2010). 2 Disclaimer Copyright © 2011 Business Insights Ltd This report is published by Business Insights (the Publisher). This report...
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