...these impacts. PLAN IMPACTS Global warming —> Water temp —> Coral bleaching —> increased starfish Pollution—> agricultural run off overfishing Industrialisation —> oil spills, shipping toursim STRATEGIES - Traditional Banning dredging and offshore dumping Zoning Increasing funding for farmers to reduce run off through water quality- from budget. Budget increased by 25 million per annum for 4 years in oder to restore reef as of 1st July 2014. GBRMPA 1995 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 25 year plan. Justification; why save the reef? tourist attraction 7th wonder of the word contributes 6 billion to Australian economy produces 63 000 jobs The Great Barrier Reef is the longest coral reef structure in the world extending over 2300 km from papua new guinea on Queensland’s east coast. It renowned for it visibility from space considering it holds more than 2900 individual reefs and is home to over ‘6 300’ different species (wwf). Although this ecosystem is protected as a World Heritage site, it has still been significantly impacted by human activities, including pollution, mining and urban run off. Traditional management strategies have been a vast help over the past thousands of year but the severity of human impacts have dramatically increased in the past 50 years and contemporary strategies have been put into practise in attempt to reduce these. While the Great Barrier Reef stands as a beautiful testament to the power of natural construction...
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...Marine conservation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coral reefs have a great amount of biodiversity. Marine conservation, also known as marine resources conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas. Marine conservation focuses on limiting human-caused damage to marine ecosystems, and on restoring damaged marine ecosystems. Marine conservation also focuses on preserving vulnerable marine species. Contents 1 Overview 2 Coral reefs 3 Human impact 4 Techniques 5 Technology and halfway technology 6 Laws and treaties 7 Organizations and education 8 References 8.1 Notes 8.2 Bibliography 9 External links Overview Marine conservation is the study of conserving physical and biological marine resources and ecosystem functions. This is a relatively new discipline. Marine conservationists rely on a combination of scientific principles derived from marine biology, oceanography, and fisheries science, as well as on human factors such as demand for marine resources and marine law, economics and policy in order to determine how to best protect and conserve marine species and ecosystems. Marine conservation can be seen as subdiscipline of conservation biology. Coral reefs Coral reefs are the epicenter for immense amounts of biodiversity, and are a key player in the survival of an entire ecosystem. They provide various marine animals with food, protection, and shelter which...
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...Tubbatah Reef and Pangasinan Oil Spill: Reflection of Nature’s Exhaustion Over a million years, as humanity starts to seek convenience and life preservation, our environment is greatly affected from the time that industrial revolution began until now when the height of technology is unstoppable. Smoke fumes from factories, harmful chemicals thrown in the water ways, poor waste disposal and other malpractices of humans toward our environment caused our mother earth to count its remaining breathes. Several issues and incidents have been reported about the devastation of our natural resources due to the careless hands of man were a great shock for those who are aware, an alarming phenomena for those who care and just a scoop of news for those who are not interested and paying no importance for our environment. The latest environmental issues today are the incidents that happened in Tubbatah reef and Pangasinan. Clashed Tubbatah Reef Before, the Tubbataha Reef in our native tongue, Bahurang Tubbataha is an atoll coral reef and a Natural Marine Park in Sulu Sea, Philippines composing of two huge atoll (the North Atoll and South Atoll) and the smaller Jessie Beazley Reef. The park is a Marine Protected Area (MPA) located 150 kilometres southeast of Puerto Princesa City, Palawan according to the reefs' official website but according to United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the reefs are 181 kilometres...
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...international policies to help protect coral reefs? Section 1: Coral Reefs are an important ecosystem that our planet needs to function correctly. Coral is a living organism that forms in colonies which can stretch out for hundreds of miles long and are then called coral reefs. These coral reefs are habitats for a large number of marine species. There are about 600,000 km of coral reef worldwide (State of the Reefs). Most reefs today are about 8,000 years old, and there are records of some being as much as 2.5 million years old (Dimitrov). The ecosystems of coral reefs have the “largest (amount) biodiversity per unit of area on earth” (Dimitrov). Scientists have discovered 93,000 coral reef species; however some estimate that there could be from 950,000 to as much as 9 million different species of coral reef (Dimitrov). Coral reefs are the second largest ecosystem next to tropical rainforests on Earth. The deterioration of coral reefs is a huge warning sign for everyone internationally to implement more policies on coral reef conservation. The problem that is happening internationally is the deterioration of coral reefs. Coral reefs are one of the most endangered ecosystems worldwide. For the first time in history they will be included on the World Conservation Union’s red list of threatened species (Oliver). According to the United Nations Environment Program and the Nature Conservancy, “around 30 percent of the world's coral reefs are already damaged, some irreparably...
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...Climate Change and the IPCC o What is the IPCC? - Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change, created in 1988, first assessment report in 1990 launched global awareness of climate change issue. How the IPCC works - Thousands of scientists contribute to writing and reviewing reports. Does not carry out new research or monitor climate related data. There are 3 working groups and a special tasks force. Terminology – 99%-100% (Virtually Certain) 90%-100% (Very Likely) 66%-100 (Likely) 33%-60% (About as likely as not) 0%-33% (Unlikely) 0%-10% (Very Unlikely) 0%-1% (Exceptionally Unlikely) o Causes of climate change Relative forcing components – Long-live greenhouse gases (Global), Ozone (Continental to Global), Stratospheric water vapor from methane (Global), Surface albedo, Aerosol (Direct Affect, Cloud Albedo Affect, Surface to Continental), Linear Contrails (Continental) , Solar irradiance (Global) Earth’s energy budget & human use Quadrillion BTU 100% Incoming Solar Energy Wood 64% - Radiated to space Coal 51% - Absorbed by land and oceans Oil &Gas 23% - Carried to clouds Hydropower &Nuclear (1900-) 20% - Reflected by clouds 16% - Absorbed by atmosphere 15% - Radiation absorbed by atmosphere 7% - Conduction and rising air 6% - Reflected by atmosphere 6% - Radiated directly into space 4% - Reflected from Earth’s surface 3% - Absorbed by clouds Greenhouse gases (types and impact)...
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...Joe Calabro, 07 Intro Sociology Cultural Analysis Paper Scuba Diving has been a passion of mine since I obtained my open water diver license in August of 2013. I have always been fascinated with exploring beneath the surface of Earth’s oceans. Since most of the Earth’s surface is underwater, scuba diving is one of the only ways to explore most of the planet. Scuba diving is not only a sport, and a career, it is also a Subculture. Scuba diving is a subculture because we have our own material culture, form of communication, folkways, values, and positive and negative sanctions. There are multiple elements of our material culture that can help others easily identify who we are. An important part of our material culture is the type of clothing and gear that we wear. All divers wear something called a wetsuit. A wetsuit is a tight fitting piece of clothing usually made of neoprene or other types of spandex which we wear while diving to keep us warm. The deeper we dive the colder the water gets that’s why a wetsuit is needed to help combat hypothermia. Another piece of material culture that we use is our fins and mask. Our fins are things we put on our feet to help us move quickly and efficiently beneath the surface. Just like the fins of fish and other aquatic mammals, our fins are flat and sometimes are split down the middle to increase speed. In addition to our fins we also need to wear a mask that covers our eyes so that we can see. Without this there is no point to...
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...Workbook on Science (Grade 5) Produced by 57-75 in partnership with the Ateneo Center for Educational Development and the Department of Education Divisions of Bayombong (Nueva Vizcaya), Guimaras, Iligan City (Lanao del Norte), Iloilo City (Iloilo), Pampanga, San Isidro (Nueva Ecija), Pagbilao (Quezon) and Sual (Pangasinan) Workbook on Science (Grade 5) Writers: Ms. Nenita Gellego (Guimaras) Ms. Jacinta Abeleda (Sual,Pangasinan) Reviewers: Ms. Michelle Jose (Ateneo Loyola Schools) Ms. Anna Marie Q. Benedicto (Ateneo High School) In partnership with: Ateneo Center for Educational Development Foundation for Worldwide People Power League of Corporate Foundations Philippine Business for Education Philippine Business for Social Progress SynergeiaFoundation PREFACE In April 2008 the 57-75 Movement organized a workbooks development write-shop in order to come up with an immediate and effective response to the problem of lacking textbooks and instructional materials in public schools. For two weeks, master teachers from each of the 57-75 pilot sites compiled a series of workbooks on Science, English, and Mathematics designed for their elementary and high school students. The write-shop aimed to: (1) identify least mastered skills in a subject area; (2) produce lesson guides that will help increase the ability of classroom instructors in developing the mastery level of students particularly in problematic subject areas; and (3) help teachers be creative in developing their own instructional...
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...Article Astronomy December 2010 Vol.55 No.35: 4010–4017 doi: 10.1007/s11434-010-4197-x SPECIAL TOPICS: Experimental measurement of growth patterns on fossil corals: Secular variation in ancient Earth-Sun distances ZHANG WeiJia1,3,4*, LI ZhengBin2,3 & LEI Yang1 1 2 Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 3 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems & Networks, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 4 Committee of Yuanpei Honors Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Received June 3, 2010; accepted July 22, 2010 In recent years, much attention has been given to the increase in the Earth-Sun distance, with the modern rate reported as 5–15 m/cy on the basis of astronomical measurements. However, traditional methods cannot measure the ancient leaving rates, so a myriad of research attempting to provide explanations were met with unmatched magnitudes. In this paper we consider that the growth patterns on fossils could reflect the ancient Earth-Sun relationships. Through mechanical analysis of both the Earth-Sun and Earth-Moon systems, these patterns confirmed an increase in the Earth-Sun distance. With a large number of well-preserved specimens and new technology available, both the modern and ancient leaving rates could be measured with high precision, and it was found that the Earth has been leaving the Sun...
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...Conceptual Framework of Ecotourism Ecotourism is defined as a “purposeful travel to natural areas to understand the culture and natural history of the environment, taking care not to alter the integrity of the ecosystem, while producing economic opportunities that make the conservation of natural resources beneficial to local people” (McCormick, 1994). Based on this definition, the conceptual framework was formulated. The operationalization of the framework included an assessment procedure, the ecotourism standards and its corresponding management guidelines. and a communication plan. These tools were guided by the principles presented by Jeffries (1997) on biodiversity and conservation, Kersten (1997) on Community Based Ecotourism and Community Building, Kusler (1991) on Strengthening Resource Conservation through Ecotourism, and McCormick (1994) on how ecotourism can save a rainforest. Furthermore, the experiences gained by Regis et al. (2000) from the Ecotourism project for the two municipalities of Sorsogon reinforced the management guidelines put together based on the Philippine situation. Characteristics of ecotourism According to Chesworth (1995), Ecotourism has six characteristics. These are: a) ecotourism involves travel to relatively undisturbed natural areas and/or archeological sites, b) it focuses on learning and the quality of experience, c) it economically benefits the local communities, d) ecotourists seek to view rare species, spectacular...
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...DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN INDIA H.Lalnunmawia INTRODUCTION There are various definitions of tourism. Theobald (1994) suggested that etymologically, the word "tour" is derived from the Latin 'tornare' and the Greek 'tornos,' meaning 'a lathe or circle; the movement around a central point or axis.' This meaning changed in modern English to represent 'one's turn.' The suffix -ism is defined as 'an action or process; typical behavior or quality' whereas the suffix -ist denotes one that performs a given action. When the word tour and the suffixes -ism and -ist are combined, they suggest the action of movement around a circle. One can argue that a circle represents a starting point, which ultimately returns back to its beginning. Therefore, like a circle, a tour represents a journey that is a round trip, i.e., the act of leaving and then returning to the original starting point, and therefore, one who takes such a journey can be called a tourist. [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism] The Macmillan Dictionary defines tourism as the business of providing services for people who are travelling for their holiday. Wikipedia defines it as travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The OECD glossary of statistical terms defined tourism as the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated...
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...Bio Vocab 1. ecology - noun the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment; the environment as it relates to living organisms 2. biosphere - noun the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist 3. species - noun a specific kind of something; (biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed 4. population - noun the act of populating (causing to live in a place); (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn; a group of organisms of the same species populating a given area; the people who inhabit a territory or state; the number of inhabitants (either the total number or the number of a particular race or class) in a given place (country or city etc.) 5. community - noun (ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other; a group of people living in a particular local area; a group of people having ethnic or cultural or religious characteristics in common; a group of nations having common interests; common ownership; agreement as to goals; the body of people in a learned occupation; a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences 6. ecosystem - noun a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment 7. biome - noun a major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate 8. autotroph...
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...Impact of Tourism On Indian Economy Submitted to: Prof. Sharif Menon Submitted by: Dhwani Parekh | NR 13089 | Dhara Shah | NR 13132 | Sailesh Bhavnani | NR | Introduction Globalization of development programmes has raised the foreign exchange requirements of developed as well as the developing countries. A number of manufacturing and non-manufacturing, traditional and non-traditional industries, no doubt, have helped them in their stupendous task of industrial transformation but at the same time, the harmful side effects have resulted in atmospheric pollution. In addition, the inadequacy of financial resources has also been an important barrier in speeding up the process of economic transformation. The magnitude of competition is found at peak, which necessitates world-Class excellence for excelling competition. Amidst all these constraints, the development of tourism industry appears to be an important solution. Tourism, both international and domestic, brings about an intermingling of people from diverse social and cultural backgrounds, and also a considerable spatial redistribution of spending power, which has significant impact on the economy of the destination area. We do not find any exaggeration in the opinion that tourism or travelling business has been declared an industry since with the least possible investment this industry bears the efficacy of earning more. The developing countries have points in favour of tourism industry which shows multiplier effects and...
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...rtYTL CORPORATION BERHAD 92647-H www.ytl.com.my www.ytlcommunity.com YTL CORPORATION BERHAD 92647-H 11th Floor Yeoh Tiong Lay Plaza 55 Jalan Bukit Bintang 55100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel • 603 2117 0088 603 2142 6633 Fax • 603 2141 2703 the journey continues... YTL CORPORATION BERHAD 92647-H sustainability report 2011 sustainability report 2011 This report is printed on environmentally friendly paper. YTL CORPORATION BERHAD 92647-H Table of Contents 2 10 12 20 38 102 114 116 Managing Director’s Review Corporate Responsibility Promotion Of Arts & Culture 14 Starhill Gallery Arts Festival 15 The Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre (KLPac) 17 Singapore Dance Theatre 17 The Actor’s Studio at the Rooftop, Lot 10 17 A Midsummer Nights Feast at Starhill Gallery 18 Feast Village Junior 18 Hutong – A Gourmet Heritage Village at Lot 10 19 YTL Concerts of Celebration Supporting Education & Community Development 22 Education Initiatives 28 Community Support & Development Initiatives 36 Employee Welfare Protection of the Environment 40 The YTL Group’s Environmental Vision 42 Utilities 61 Cement Manufacturing 65 Express Rail Link 68 Property Development & Sustainable Design 85 Hotels & Resorts 87 Carbon Credit Consultancy Services 88 Biodiversity & Nature Conservation Programmes & Collaborations 102 Earth Hour 2011 105 Ongoing Outreach Through Climate Change Week 106 National Geographic Store, Kuala Lumpur 108 The Copenhagen Communiqué on Climate Change...
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...The Impacts of Tourism Establishing or developing a tourism industry has both benefits and costs. If these impacts are understood from the outset of planning, strengths and opportunities can be maximized while weaknesses and threats can be minimized. A list of potential costs and benefits are presented below. Each destination will be different in terms of tourism characteristics. The costs and benefits of tourism will vary in each destination and can change over time, depending on tourism and other activities in a destination’s local and regional context. Tables 4-1 present some of the positive and negative impacts of tourism. In 1999 more than 657 millions of people travel out of them frontiers in tourism travels. Based in the data of the Mundial organisation of tourism (MOT) the incomes were 449 billions of us dollars. The tourism employs more than 255 millions of workers in the whole world. (One of each nine workers). For the year 2010 the MOT hopes that will reach one zousand million of internationals tourists, and incomes of 1550 billions of us dollars. In 1999 France was the most visited destiny (70 million tourists), followed by Spain (51 million) and the United States country that registry the highest income by international tourism. The tourism is a very fragile business and events as the attacks of 11-S can damage the turistic season practically stopping the trips, or in the beach tourism especially in the Mediterranean, the climate conditions, condition the number...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The specialty retail industry quickly returned to normal following the United States economic downturn in 2001, partly due to the increasing trend of middle-income American consumers demanding luxury at every level. Within the luxury industry, the jewellery sector is largest with global retail sales amounting to $150 billion. Tiffany & Co. currently is the leader within the jewellery industry. Tiffany recognized the growing number of consumers demanding luxury at mid-level prices and decided to use this trend to its advantage by introducing items at a lower cost to be more appealing to these middle-income families. Upon realizing the strength of its brand and the image its blue box portrays, Tiffany also plans to continue launching new product lines, taking advantage of the growing popularity of branding among jewellery consumers today. However, with all of Tiffany’s current success, some analysts worry that the company may be devaluing their luxury image with the introduction of lower cost products, as this contradicts their “exclusiveness”, which is part of their brand. In order for Tiffany to not dilute its luxury image with its attempts to make the blue box accessible to the lower end the company must focus on assuring customers that the quality of their products have not lessened even though the cost has. This proposal discusses the fine jewellery sector within the luxury goods industry, focusing on Tiffany & Co.’s (“Tiffany”) position among...
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