...Opposition to Globalisation "Globalisation" is a term that became popular in the 1980's to describe the increased movement of people, knowledge and ideas, and goods and money across national borders that has led to increased interconnectedness among the world's populations, economically, politically, socially and culturally (Dreher,2008). Nowadays, the world is becoming more and more globalized. There is no country that can escape from globalisation. With globalisation, many countries get benefits from it. However, it also caused many negative effects from globalisation in many countries. As the ancient Chinese Philosopher Laozi said: “Good fortune follows upon disaster; Disaster lurks within good fortune; Who can say how things will end? Perhaps there is no end.” So it is natural to oppose globalisation. There are many arguments from different views. Some political scientists argue that globalization is making nation-states weaken and that the functions and power of nation-states will gradually take over by global (Dreher et al.,2008). Economists argue that businesses is becoming more competitive and more and more workers may be laid off due to greater competition. For environment, globalization is using up finite resources more quickly and globalization increases world greenhouse gas with carbon dioxide emissions which makes the air pollution worse. For cultural, the uniqueness of cultural is lost in favour of homogenization and a "universal culture" that draws heavily from...
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...The extensive Impact of Illicit Plant and drug production on Colombian Deforestation Introduction Illegal substances hurt and destroy not only the lives of the users; they devastate the environment they are grown and manufactured in as well. Since the 1970’s the illegal drug industry in Colombia encompassing everything from growing coca plants to the perceived government solutions have been destroying the lush Colombian ecosystem. Colombia is geographically superior to every other country in South America for three reasons. The first reason being that that it is the only country in the continent that shares a border with Latin America. Next reason is they have both pacific and Atlantic coastlines. The third reason is they have huge amount of biodiversity and unbeaten growing conditions. For these reasons along with a global high demand for illegal substances and certain indigenous plants have made illicit plant/drug production flourished in Colombia for over 40 years. The boom in demand for cocaine came in the 1970’s and has continued to today. In the year 2000 it was estimated Colombia is responsible for 75% of the worlds coca. (Energy & Ecology business editors, 2011) Not to mention the large-scale opium poppy and marijuana production occurring in Colombia. This illegal drug industry wreaks havoc on the Colombia’s Environment more specifically their forests. Deforestation has gradually been getting worse and worse in Colombia since the introduction of the illicit crop...
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...Deforestation Of the Amazon This assignment will be focused on the topic of deforestation in Amazon (mainly located in Brazil). For this topic I picked three articles from newspapers. I decided to choose this topic because I have always been interested in the Amazon and its beauty. It’s still fascinating for me how there is people (tribes) living in the Amazon forest when I cannot picture myself without technology living in a rural environment. I’ve also been always interested in the way they live and communicate among them so the fact that we have deforestation taking place there makes me so sad because it is something so beautiful and unique. The first article is mainly about the consequences of deforestation of the Amazon forest in America. In this article it is stated that a complete deforestation of the Amazon could result in a reduction of twenty per cent of rain and snowfall. This doesn’t sound scary but the real problem is that according to the Princeton University (located in New Jersey) who came up with this report, it also means that this reduction would lead to water and food shortages and great risk of forest fires. The reason behind these shortages is because due to the change that would happen in the snowpack of Sierra Nevada which is the main source of irrigation for California’s Central Valley which consequently would affect the food/water supply not only for California but the entire United States. Also, a naked Amazon could contribute to a weather cycle...
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... Addressing Agriculture's Role As a Driver OF Deforestation." Forestry and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAO, 2011. Web. 4 Mar. 2012. . In the article “Building Bridges Between REDD and Sustainable Agriculture: Addressing Agriculture's Role As a Driver OF Deforestation,” Thomas demonstrates that agriculture is a major contributor to deforestation by stating that by 2050, farmers will need to feed a population of an estimated 9.1 billion. Deforestation continues because of population growth and changes in consumption patterns are expected to increase the demand for food by 70 percent. Agricultural expansion has many drivers: populations are growing and need more food; incomes in many countries are rising which creates a greater demand for meat, animal feed and other cash crops; urbanization is changing consumption patterns; firewood and charcoal consumption along with bio-fuel production are increasing as fossil fuels become less accessible or their costs rise. This reveals that the expansion of agriculture is creating a growing dependence on clearing forestlands. ith the cultivation of various agricultural commodities driving deforestation across the planet, and a larger and increasingly connected global market spurring the demand for these commodities, it is more important than ever that global and local solutions are reached to counteract the forces that are contributing to deforestation. Deforestation, mainly resulting from the conversion of tropical...
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...Geography changed Latin American culture. The triangular trade between Europe, Africa and America helped shape Latin American civilization in numerous ways. There were a variety of objects and people being passed around from civilization to civilization during this time. With all of these objects and people being passed around, the geography and civilizations of Latin America were changing rapidly. The goods, resources and slaves were the most popular objects being traded. Many of the civilizations desperately wanted the slaves. Also, smallpox affected Latin American Civilization immensely because like everything else being passed around, this factor was killing thousands of people. Diseases from domesticated animals also affected civilization because people were also being killed from that as well. Geography did play...
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...double garage. Most electricity is generated by burning coal. A constant and growing demand for red meat. Cattle belch out methane, a toxic greenhouse gas, much more dangerous than carbon dioxide. More and more forests and bushland, which absorb carbon dioxide from the air, are being cut down so more cattle can graze. A reduction in the planet's ability to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The earth has natural sources of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas), and has had long before mankind began altering the environment, but the earth has natural means to actually remove some greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide which is removed by plants (especially dense, tall forests) through photosynthesis. Global deforestation...
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...take advantage of the dilemma of Third World countries. They dump garbage and hazardous waste in developing countries. First World companies might also build plants, which emit considerable pollution, in Third World nations to avoid the regulations these companies would face at home. Some transnational corporations that produce chemicals deemed overly dangerous in the First World find a market in the Third World. There, governments cannot restrict usage of these chemicals because it would be too costly to citizens trying to make a living. Countries in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia are the greatest victims of this environmental inequality. In addition to problems created by development and industrialization, poorer nations also suffer environmental difficulties caused by poverty and war, among other causes. Many environmental problems arise in the Third World. Air pollution, water pollution , deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, and poisoning of the environment are among the largest of these. Third World nations are aware of these problems and are working to solve them. The United Nations and other international organizations have looked into preventing foreign companies from dumping waste in developing nations, making transnational corporations pay for the pollution they produce, and enlisting the First World in helping to clean up...
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...Coffee Perhaps the most popular beverage in the world, coffee is brewed and prepared from the roasted seeds of several species of an evergreen shrub of the genus Coffea. It is cultivated in over 70 countries around the world, primarily in equatorial Latin America, South East Asia, and Africa. The beginning of our love affair with coffee can be traced back to the 15th century and most of the world’s population is well aware of its stimulating effect, thanks to its high caffeine content. Today, coffee is much more than just a drink – it’s the world’s second most tradable commodity after oil, and is a fast growing, already multi-billion dollar industry. Traditionally, coffee has always been grown amongst forest trees, in the shade. However, the yield from such a method of cultivation is low, and as a result, increased demand pressurized coffee producers to opt for alternate methods like sun-grown coffee (explained in detail below), which have ended up harming the environment to a great extent, a fact not many coffee lovers around the world are aware of. The burgeoning coffee culture that has sprung up over the last few decades has led to an overwhelming increase in demand for this liquid gold which has had a knock-on effect on the environment, with monoculture and sun grown coffee being the norm now. And given that most coffee growing regions are also home to some of the most delicate ecosystems on earth, the potential for serious damage is great. Sun-Grown Coffee Originating...
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...the known plant species in Latin America (WWF). Nonetheless, as deforestation keeps on harming this biological community and disturb the common adjust that has directed it, the impacts can to be sure be sweeping; harm to the Amazonian rainforest causes neighborhood aggravation, as well as permits worldwide outcomes. Mainly, the impacts of deforestation play both emotional and inconspicuous parts. The copious biodiversity that makes the area so remarkable additionally acts against the rainforest as more of it vanishes. Vanishing of vegetation makes progressively outstretching influences in the evolved ways of life and supplement systems; species that typically have stayed inside one area of the timberland are pushed to another basically by means of the quest for sustenance. This, obviously, just applies if the creatures' nourishment supply exists somewhere else in the woods. On the off chance that this is not the situation, the populace may confront termination because of absence of sustenance. Regardless of the fact that the organic entities have the capacity to adjust to their new region, they now put an unbalancing weight on the district. Local populaces even of the same species—and invasives are presently contending over a limited measure of nourishment that might have the capacity to bolster every one of them. Once more, the danger of a huge populace vanish is expanded. Notwithstanding the recognizable relocation of local species, deforestation and its negative consequences...
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...one-third of the world’s remaining rainforests. According to a 2007 study by National Geographic, the rainforests of Brazil are being cleared at a rate of almost 1% per year. Much of the deforestation in Brazil can be attributed to land clearing for commercial, speculative or infrastructure purposes. Whilst deforestation in Brazil is certainly a pressing environmental issue, it has also been highly correlated with the rise in the country’s economic health. The flattening of rainforests has led to an increase in pastureland that has seen the agricultural industry boom over the last 20 years. Deforestation has other economic implications for Brazil. As Western countries are placing ever greater value on forest ‘services’ – climate moderation and biodiversity preservation –it’s possible that protection of Brazil’s rainforests will be sold on the open market in the near future. In terms of basic infrastructure Brazil is experiencing rapid growth and ranks well compared to its South American peers. Brazil still has a ways to go to compete with first world nations. According to WorldBank, 98.7% of the Brazilian population has access to electricity which ranks Brazil 23rd in the world. 87% of Brazil’s water is safe to drink which ranks it 68th in the world in water sanitation. Four South America can countries (Uruguay, Chile, Colombia and Honduras) have cleaner water than Brazil despite having less developed economies. This is largely due to the sheer size of Brazil which makes...
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...Essay Deforestation Leads to Serious Problems In the 21st century, the world is advancing to new heights in the field of technology. Human beings have made every facility for their better life. But human beings did not care about nature. Deforestation is the result of unawareness of human beings about nature. Deforestation has direct relationship with success of human beings. Thousand years ago, more than 80% of total land area was covered with forests. In present days, less than 12% of total land area is covered with forests (Hermy 362). Is cutting of trees beneficial for society? Does it lead to serious problems? Some people argue that deforestation is deforestation is necessary for success of many government projects and humanity. However, I would argue that the environment, wild life and human life are negatively affected by deforestation. It has large number of demerits. It has degraded environment by global warming and acid rain in different areas of world. Moreover, deforestation destroys the natural home of wild animals. Wild animals have no homes for living in most of parts of the world. Deforestation disturbs human life by depletion of ozone layer of the earth, increase in concentration of carbon dioxide in environment and reduction in the number of trees, which are used in the production of many medicines. These problems had not fixed. These are increasing day by day with the rate of cutting trees. To illustrate, deforestation has brought bad dramatic...
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...Global Trade of Wood and Paper Products Abstract Global trade of wood products is accelerating amid shifting regional production of raw materials. At the same time structural change is occurring in regional production and consumption of finished and semi-finished wood and paper products. Some countries which once were major net exporters of wood products, such as the United States, have become major net importers. Conversely, China, a country that not long ago was a major net importer of wood products, is increasingly dominant as an exporter of value-added wood products such as furniture. What are the reasons behind these shifts in sources of supply and demand for wood and wood products? Direct forces such as population growth and rising socio-economic levels drive demand for wood and paper products. Increasing purchasing power in developing economies empowers consumers, both private and public, to purchase homes, furnishings and accessories. Indirect factors, such promotion of wood, strengthen demand and translate to significant gains in consumption in some markets. Consciousness of climate change and the advantages of wood for products and energy is creating a new impetus for increasing wood products consumption, including wood-derived energy products. Government and industry policies are important market drivers. Government policies can support increased utilization of wood, or can restrict wood in construction when standards favor competitive building materials...
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...UNIT I DEFORESTATION CHAPTER 1 What is deforestation? Deforestation is the removal or damage of vegetation in a forest to the extent that it no longer supports its natural flora and fauna. In other words, deforestation can be defined as the transformation of forest land to non-forest uses where forest land includes lands under agro-forestry and shifting cultivation, and not simply closed canopy primary forests (FAO/UNEP, 1982). However, this definition does not include “logging”. More inclusive was Myers’s 1980 definition, where deforestation refers, “generally to the complete destruction of forest cover through clearing for agriculture … [so] … that not a tree remains, and the land is given over to non-forest purposes … [and where] very heavy and unduly negligent logging … [result in a] … decline of biomass and depletion of ecosystem services … . So severe that the residual forest can no longer qualify as forest in any practical sense of the world.” Alan Graigner (1980, AS quoted in Saxena and Nautiyal, 1997) asserts that selective logging does not “lead to forest clearance and does not constitute deforestation”, whereas Norman Myers (1980, 1993) thinks that logging is crucial because, although it may only affect a small proportion of trees per hectare, it damages wide areas and is the precursor of penetration by the forest farmers. For the purpose of this study, the FAO’s latest definitions (1993) will be used. The FAO defines forests as “ecosystems with a minimum...
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...Realities of climate change Name Institution Climate is a measure of the average pattern of variation in temperature, atmospheric pressure, sunshine, wind precipitation, atmospheric particle and other meteorological variables in a given region over a particular long period of time. Climate differs from weather in that weather describes the atmospheric conditions of a certain region at a particular time while climate is the average atmospheric conditions of that region for a long period usually 30 or more years. Hence climate may also be defined as the average weather of a region of a given region over a longer period of time. Climate of a place has components which include; atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Climate change is the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time. Climate change may also be termed as the carbon change because this change is caused by the accumulation of carbon dioxide and other particles that prevent part of the sun’s warming rays from reaching the earth’s atmosphere. The burning of carbon fuels notably wood, oil and coal generates greenhouse gases which creates a layer that trap the heat from the sun close to the earth’s atmosphere. These greenhouse gases cause depletion of the ozone layer that protects the human skin from harmful ultra violet sun rays that may cause cancer. Hospitality and Tourism industry have a two way relationship with the climate. The two way...
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...population of the world had reached 6 billion people, compared to only 2 billion people in 1925. Most of this increase has occurred in the developing world, with less developed regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean taking up 99% of the world’s population increase, which are about 83 million people. Theories on this included Malthus, who argued that ‘populations increase in size at a much faster rate than the ability of those same populations to feed themselves’, he concludes with, that theses limits on food supply would lead to ‘natural checks’ on population such as famine and malnutrition, and maybe the possibility of the out break of war, because countries would fight over what little food there is left. Such checks limit population because there is an increased death rate. He also argued that we should attempt to avoid overpopulation, by delaying marriage and abstaining from sex. A biologist, who’s ideas where adopted from Malthus, Paul Ehrlich argues that the high birth rate in developing countries has led to a ‘population explosion’ that has put to much strain on their limited resources of food and energy. His theory is that this is responsible for problems in the developing world such as famine, malnutrition, poverty, war desertification, deforestation and increasing environmental pollution. He concludes that ‘the birth rate must be...
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