... The topic I have chosen to discuss in this essay is delegation, as from my experience this is one of the most complex nursing skills to develop, this claim is supported by literature (Weydt: 2010) Delegation is a suitable topic to discuss as it is a necessity for any nurse to be able to delegate effectively, especially in recent times in which nurses are stretched to their limits due to an increase in patient numbers and current government NHS cuts. The NHS is supposed to be protected from the public sector cuts, but new research shows that more than 50,000 jobs are disappearing from the NHS (Ramesh: 2011) Delegation has particular relevance to me as a third year student because knowing when, how and to whom you can delegate requires a complex understanding of the task in hand, the process of delegation, and the skills and existing workloads of the people available. It is especially important to achieve the right balance as a third year student, as delegating too much may result in a loss of control, while failing to delegate or not delegating enough can lead to duties not being completed. I will begin by discussing areas of delegation such as responsibility, accountability and authority. I will then move on to discuss aspects and principles of best practice. I will then continue to focus on managerial and organisational aspects relating to delegation, I will discuss these aspects using examples from practice. Delegation may be difficult but it offers many potential benefits...
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...Importance of Delegation from Manager and Subordinate’s Perspective Index Topic Page Number 1. Introduction 4 2. Topic: 5 3. Theory Related to Research: 5 4. Research question 7 5. Literature Review: 8 5.1. Introduction: 8 5.2. Effectiveness of Delegation: 8 5.3. Background of Delegation: 9 5.3.1. Significant freedom to decide how the goal will be achieved 10 5.3.2. Being an available resource to assist in achieving the goals: 10 5.3.3. Assessing quality of the effort and achievement of goals 11 5.4. Delegation Process: 11 5.5. Critical Analysis of Work Delegation: 11 5.6. Unsuccessful Work Delegation: Reasons: 17 6. Research Methodology: 19 6.1. Sampling Technique 19 6.2. Selection of the Participants 19 6.3. Data Collection: 20 6.4. Data Analysis 20 6.5 Significance of the research: 21 6.6. Research Hypothesis: 21 7. Findings and Analysis: 23 7.1. Analysis of the Questioner (Close ended), of Work Delegators: 23 7.2. Analysis of the Questioner (Close ended)...
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...INTRODUCTION Career development has become of more importance in recent years as organisations utilise the investment of human resource development to an advantage (McCarthy & Garavan, 1999). Career or professional development for the purposes of this report can be defined as an attempt to help the individual analyse their abilities and interests to guide their placement, progression, and development through various assessment activities (Gunnigle & Flood, 1990, p. 172). Literature suggests that the effectiveness of several management and professional development activities can be enhanced by paying attention to managerial self-awareness and variables related to self-awareness like self-efficacy (McCarthy & Garavan, 1999). Admundson (1995), argues that the two key variables that moderate career decisions are the individual’s self-awareness and self-efficacy which are essential because high levels of self-awareness and self-efficacy enables the individual to exert more control over long term effects and are in a better posistion to respond proactively to situations. Therefore, analysing managerial and professional development in regard to self-awareness creates a positive effect to both personal and professional enhancements. This report posits the importance of managerial self-awareness to the effectiveness of personal and professional development. It aims to develop understanding of self awareness for career development gauged from feedback tools, specifically the Personal...
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...of how his actions fit this style. Thirdly how goal setting helped Ford improve its performance. Fourthly, asses Mulally on each element in communication openness including message transmission, trust, agendas and goals. Fiftly, evaluate the effectiveness of Mulally’s leadership style and recommend whether he should continue with this style, or use a different style. Discuss the role of leadership and how it can impact organizational performance. Hellriegel, D and Slocum, J. W ( 2011 ) Organizational Behavior. Legitimate power is an individual’s ability to influence others behaviors because of the person’s formal position in the organization. Mulally decided to borrow $23 billion against Ford’s assets in 2006 . Mulally is moving to integrate the company globally, in 2010 Ford will be selling small cars in the United States that were developed in Europe. Hellriegel, D and Slocum, J. W ( 2011 ) Organizational Behavior. Expert power is an individual’s ability to influence other’s behaviors because of recognized competencies, talents, or specialized knowledge. For example Mulally persuaded Bill Ford to sell off Jaguar and Land Rover and focus its resources on the Ford brand. Mulally felt that these cars were a dangerous distraction from Ford’s core business. He believes that fewer models mean better economies of scale and significantly improved profitability. Mulally’s decisions have helped Ford separate itself from its major competitors, GM and...
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...DELEGATION AND DECENTRALISATION What is an authority? Authority is the cement of organisation structure in which various units of organisation are integrated. Without authority a manager cesses to be a manager. It is the authority that gives managers power to act. Authority is glue that holds organisation together. It is impossible to have an organisation unless some persons have the authority to command action of others. The word Authority is derived from the Latin word “auctoritas” meaning invention, advice, opinion, influence, or command. In English, the word 'authority' connotes power given by the state or by academic knowledge of an area (someone can be an authority on a subject) Weber defined domination (authority) as the chance of commands being obeyed by a specifiable group of people. Legitimate authority is that which is recognized as legitimate and justified by both the ruler and the ruled. Authority sometimes refers to;- 1) The Institutionalized and legal power inherent in a particular job, function, or position that is meant to enable its holder to successfully carry out his or her responsibilities. 2) An agency or body created by a government to perform a specific function, such as environment management, power generation, or tax collection is an authority. 3) Judgment of a court or judicial opinion quoted in support of a legal argument. In management field, the concept authority can be defined as:- 1. The right to guide and direct the actions of others...
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...Business had critical importance on the Japanese catching-up system, who makes possible to recovery the country´s economy after the World War II and turn Japan in one of the most important economies of the world. The government coordinated several measures to promote the recovery, in a process initiated during the USA intervention period and who’s continued after the ascension of the LDP to the power, condition who was sustained by the party until the beginning of the 1990´s. A brief look at this long period of the LDP as the strongest party in Japan makes possible to see one of the roles of the LDP: stability, since as the party was responsible to keep its position as the major party in Japan and, consequently, keep the power in the hands of the elite group formed by the own LDP politicians, bureaucrats and big business and, as they maintained the power, it was possible to implement a several measures to recovery the economy - while the other parties suffered several divisions, the LPD maintained its unity along the second half of the 20th century . At the same time, the LDP was responsible for pass the bills of interest of the elite members, making possible, for example, the approbation of a specific plan of resource allocation formulated by a member of the government bureaucracy. Other important role of LDP was maintain the strength of the bureaucrats in the Japanese society, making possible to re-allocate former bureaucrats, giving to them the chance to become politicians -...
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...12345) Mid-Term Exam – Review Questions 1) All of these are pitfalls an organization should avoid in strategic planning EXCEPT (Ch. 1) Some pitfalls to watch for and avoid in strategic planning are these: Using strategic planning to gain control over decisions and resources Doing strategic planning only to satisfy accreditation or regulatory requeriments Too hastily moving from mission development to strategy formulation Failing to communicate the plan to employees, who continue working in the dark Top managers making many intuitive decisions that conflict with the formal plan Top managers not actively supporting the strategic-planning process Failing to use plans as a standard for measuring performance Delegating planning to a “planner” rather than involving all managers Failing to involve key employees in all phases of planning Failing to create a collaborative climate supportive of change Viewing planning as unnecessary or unimportant Becoming so engrossed in current problems that insufficient or no planning is done Being so formal in planning that flexibility and creativity are stifled 2) The strategic-management process represents a(n) logical , systematic , and objective approach for determining an enterprise's future direction. 3) Strategic Management is used to refer to strategic formulation, implementation and evaluation, with strategic planing referring only to strategic formulation. 4) Which statement best describes intuition...
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...the federal and state governments as follows; The role of the federal government, the role of the state government, the shared roles of the federal and state government, the Supremacy Clause, and what happens when there is a direct conflict between federal and state laws. II. Role of the Federal Government Over two hundred years ago, our founders designed the United States to be governed under a system of federalism. The Cornell University Law School defines federalism is a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government (2014). Specifically, in the U.S. the two levels of government are the federal or national level, and the individual state level. The creation of this system was deliberate as to eliminate the opportunity for any one person, and or branch of government, from having too much power over the country; consequently undermining the system of democracy as a whole. a. The national level of authority is known as the federal government, and has powers over the nation as a whole. The federal government is given express powers, of specific design, from the constitution itself. However, the branches of the federal government are also afforded the opportunity to interpret those powers in each circumstance that may arise, these are implied powers. Specifically the powers, to mint money, declare war, establish post offices, establish an army/navy, and enter into treaties. For instance the power to mint coin is reserved...
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...GAINESVILLE, FL MS - Information Systems and Operations Management, Hough Graduate School of Business * Member – UF - Association for Information Systems (Volunteer Committee) * Volunteer – Sustainable UF * Temporary Retail Associate – UF Bookstore (Reitz Union) June 2010 MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY BSc (Hons) – Business Information Systems LONDON, UK * Developed an Educational Interactive Software for Dyslexic Children. Technical Skills * Operating Systems: Windows XP/Vista/7,Unix * Microsoft Applications: Office 2010/2013, Visio, Project, Power Point * Database Systems : SQL Experience 2014 OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL INC CHANDIGARH, INDIA Facilities Administrator Planned and coordinated essential central services such as admin, maintenance, security, reception, catering, transport, mail, waste disposal and cleaning. * Supervised a sixteen member team including admin and reception employees. * Worked alongside the IT department to ensure smooth functioning of systems and equipment. * Assisted in planning best allocation and utilization of space and resources for new office and reorganized the current premises. * Streamlined...
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...As a leader, is it better to be feared, or revered? Lynn Dean Excelsior College Abstract With every generation of leaders, the ageless debate surfaces; as a leader, is it better to be feared or revered? Leadership attributes, skills, and styles are the driving forces to lead others to successful mission accomplishment. Good leadership is based on these fundamental, unchanging qualities, such as competence, character, and a profound sense of responsibility. Styles of leadership may vary over time or may evolve with changing circumstances, but these bedrock qualities are foundations of a leaders' substance. Profiling historic leaders shows how these qualities are embodied by these leaders. Even with these qualities being present in all successful leaders, they can still be perceived as either feared or revered. It stands in good contention that successful leaders, whether feared or revered possessed the same qualities. The differences in the perception, is in how the leaders deployed their leadership philosophies. Many leaders are revered by their followers, and feared by their enemies, as where other leaders are feared by their followers. Keywords: Leaders, leadership. As a Leader, is it Better to be Feared, or Revered? Machiavelli believed that a great leader should be feared rather than loved. A midstream conservative approach is to say that it’s better to be both loved and feared, but we know in all reality that this is a nearly unattainable...
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...Habeas Corpus and the War on Terrorism By Robert Hawkins POL201: American National Government Instructor: Russel Riggs March 18, 2013 The Term “Habeas Corpus” comes from the Latin term meaning "have the body". Habeas Corpus is considered to be one of the most fundamental guarantees of personal liberty. Its roots come from England and are found all throughout our history, such as the Civil War and currently the War on terrorism. The Writ of Habeas Corpus specifically refers to the right to challenge one's detention. It is also the state's ability to force someone to appear in court. By allowing an independent judge to review the basis of a person’s detention and order the detainee’s release if the grounds are unlawful, habeas corpus serves as a bulwark against arbitrary arrest, torture, and extrajudicial killings. This right, whose evolution was largely driven by historic struggles to impose limits on the power of the monarch, is today widely protected in domestic and international law. It was common in England, in the period of the conflict between Protestants and Catholics, to be held indefinitely in the Tower of London without trial. Political prisoners disappeared because they had not broken the law, but have opposed the crown's policies. When the term first came into widespread use in medieval England, a "writ of habeas corpus" was simply a subpoena. A king or local official could impose a "writ of habeas corpus" to force someone to appear and testify...
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...| | |Comparing and Contrasting Economic Systems | | | | | |Introduction to Sociology | | | | | |The Industrial Revolution changed |How it changed the economy |1900 and Today | |The number of people employed in industrial |The use of machines began to spread throughout |Implementation of the production line | |manufacturing (textiles, iron goods, metal, |the world | | |pottery, etc.) ...
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...'Who ought to be the tenor in the quartet?' Obviously, the man who can sing tenor. Henry Ford Don't tell people how to do things, tell them what to do and let them surprise you with their results. George S. Patton | Adlai Stevenson: It's hard to lead a cavalry charge if you think you look funny on a horse. Al Gini: The term power comes from the Latin posse: to do, to be able, to change, to influence or effect. To have power is to possess the capacity to control or direct change. All forms of leadership must make use of power. The central issue of power in leadership is not Will it be used? But rather Will it be used wisely and well? Albert Einstein: Great spirits have always found violent opposition from mediocrities. The latter cannot understand it when a man does not thoughtlessly submit to hereditary prejudices but honestly and courageously uses his intelligence. Barack Obama: I always believe that ultimately, if people are paying attention, then we get good government and good leadership. And when we get lazy, as a democracy and civically start taking shortcuts, then it results in bad government and politics. Carl Sagan: But the fact that some geniuses were laughed at does not imply that all who are laughed at are geniuses. They laughed at Columbus, they laughed at Fulton, they laughed at the Wright brothers. But they also laughed at Bozo the Clown. Don Marquis: If you make people think they're thinking, they'll love you. If you...
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...men of seemingly opposite views arrived at the same opinion of democracy in Athens. The Old Oligarch was a critique of Athenian democracy. He was more liberal in saying that the structure of the Athenian government favored the rich aristocrats and suppressed the poor. When in his opinion he thought it was fairer that the common and poor classes should have been given more consideration than the rich and men of birth. He argued that it was the common people that made Athens great because it was the People that gave the city more power than the aristocratic class (Sourcebook, p153). Another thing that differentiated the Old Oligarch from Pericles is the fact that the Old Oligarch recognized slaves in Greek society praising Athens for treating them with some equality. For example, in the city where there would be slaves and aristocrats, a slave is not entitled to bow and step aside to let the aristocrat pass. He also states that it is not legal to beat a slave or alien resident. This is not because Athens believes in equality, but more because if it was legal to beat a slave or alien resident it is possible for an Athenian citizen to be confused for a slave. The Old Oligarch also criticizes Athens because of the fact that the political officers were inefficient in delegating all cases or disputes given to them. He states that even if a person had waited a whole year to be seen to present their case they...
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...is the right or power assigned to an executive or a manager in order to achieve certain organizational objectives. A manager will not be able to function efficiently without proper authority. Authority is the genesis of organizational framework. Without authority, a manager ceases to be a manager, because he cannot get his policies carried out through others. Authority is one of the founding stones of formal and informal organizations. An Organization cannot survive without authority. It indicates the right and power of making decisions, giving orders and instructions to subordinates. Authority is delegated from above but must be accepted from below i.e. by the subordinates. In other words, authority flows downwards....
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