...surrogate key that starts at 1000 and increases by 100. DepartmentName is the text name of the department, and is therefore not a surrogate key. The WPC database has the following referential integrity constraints: Department in EMPLOYEE must exist in Department in DEPARTMENT Department in PROJECT must exist in Department in DEPARTMENT ProjectID in ASSIGNMENT must exist in ProjectID in PROJECT EmployeeNumber in ASSIGNMENT must exist in EmployeeNumber in EMPLOYEE The relationship from EMPLOYEE to ASSIGNMENT is 1:N, M-O and the relationship from PROJECT to ASSIGNMENT is 1:N, M-O. The database also has the following business rules: * If an EMPLOYEE row is to be deleted and that row is connected to any ASSIGNMENT, the EMPLOYEE row deletion will be disallowed. * If a PROJECT row is deleted, then all the ASSIGNMENT rows that are connected to the deleted PROJECT row will also be deleted. The business sense of these rules is as follows: * If an EMPLOYEE row is...
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...Computing – Programming File Organisation Serial File: In a serial file, the data is stored in the order in which it arrives. New data is simply added to the end of the file. This is called appending the data. If an item of data is to be deleted, this will create a gap in the file. This can be removed by recreating the file: copying all the records in the file, apart from the record to be deleted, into a new file and using this file to replace the original file. To search for data in a serial file, you will need to start from the first item and search for each item in turn until you find the record you are looking for. If the item you are searching for is not in the file, you will need to search every item in the file before you can be certain that the item is not found. Sequential File In a sequential file, the data are stored according to a key field in the data. The key field is a field in each record that can be used to identify the record. For example, if each student were given a StudentlD, then a sequential file of students will be stored in order of the Student ID. The addition of an item to a sequential file requires the new item to be inserted within the existing records. This is usually achieved by recreating the file. All the records up to the correct point of insertion are copied to a new file. The new record is then appended in the correct position and the remaining records are copied into the new file. The new file then replaces the old...
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...Sanil Modi Biol-4910 Summer 2014 M-F Dr. De Vries, Christopher T. Fields The Effects Of Toll Like Receptor 2 Deletion on Social Behavior Neural Network Introduction During this past summer I had the opportunity to conduct research at the Neuroscience Institute at Georgia State University. The research I participated in was under Christopher T. Fields who is working on getting his doctorial degree. In these last few months I have worked on many exiting projects, learned how create experiments and analyze them. From the first day of lab I learned to work with many different lab instruments, software and mastered the structures of the mice brain. The instruments I started working with were a digital microscope and its software Stereo Investigator that took pictures at HD quality of mice brain. Shortly after came the analysis of the pictures we captured and the software used was ImageJ and Excel. In ImageJ you can measure different thresholds of the mice brain and get analysis which is imputed into excel and then the numbers from excel are put into a statistical software where graphs are made and you can check if your experiments had any change from the control. What I also learned was how mice brains are put on a slide. First you would use a cryostat, which slices the mice brain at the amount of thickness needed. While you are slicing the mice brains you are putting them onto a slide. Then they are taken from the slide put into a buffer solution, which lets you add to another...
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...LYMPHOID NEOPLASIA ETV6/RUNX1-positive relapses evolve from an ancestral clone and frequently acquire deletions of genes implicated in glucocorticoid signaling Lilian Kuster,1 Reinhard Grausenburger,1 Gerhard Fuka,1 Ulrike Kaindl,1 Gerd Krapf,1 Andrea Inthal,1 Georg Mann,2 Maximilian Kauer,1 Johannes Rainer,3 Reinhard Kofler,3 Andrew Hall,4 Markus Metzler,5 Luder Hinrich Meyer,6 Claus Meyer,7 ¨ Jochen Harbott,8 Rolf Marschalek,7 Sabine Strehl,1 Oskar A. Haas,2 and Renate Panzer-Grumayer1,2 ¨ Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria; 2St Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria; 3Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute and Biocenter - Division Molecular Pathophysiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; 4Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom; 5Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; 6Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; 7Institute of Pharmacological Biology/DCAL, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; and 8Onkogenetic Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany 1Children’s Approximately 25% of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias carry the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene. Despite their excellent initial treatment response, up to 20% of patients relapse. To gain insight into the relapse mechanisms, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism arrays for DNA...
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...disability, and a high pitch cat’s cry. There is no treatment for Cri Du Chat, the only thing that a person can do to help it is go to physical therapy for educational intervention and for the therapy is only physical and mental. This paper will discuss the diagnosis, causes, symptoms, and treatments of cri du chat and the lifestyle have diagnosed for Cri Du Chat. Cri Du Chat is not an inherited gene, but doctors believe that the disorder is caused by the egg or sperm cell when the parents pass a default gene to the kid and it causes the disorder of Cri Du Chat. Every 1 in 20,000 to every 1 in 50,000 kids a diagnosed with Cri Du Chat. The size of the deletion varies among affected individuals; studies suggest that larger deletions tend to result in more severe intellectual disability and developmental delay than smaller deletions. About 10 percent of...
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...real-estate transactions in a town can be In the field of relational database design, normalization is a systematic way of ensuring that a database structure is suitable for general purpose querying and free of certain undesirable characteristics; insertion, update, and deletion anomalies that could lead to a loss of data integrity. Informally, a relational database table is often described as "normalized" if it is in the Third Normal Form. Most 3NF tables are free of insertion, update, and deletion anomalies, i.e. in In the field of relational database design, normalization is a systematic way of ensuring that a database structure is suitable for general purpose querying and free of certain undesirable characteristics; insertion, update, and deletion anomalies that could lead to a loss of data integrity. Informally, a relational database table is often described as "normalized" if it is in the Third Normal Form. Most 3NF tables are free of insertion, update, and deletion anomalies, i.e. in In the field of relational database design, normalization is a systematic way of ensuring that a database structure is suitable for general purpose querying and free of certain undesirable characteristics; insertion, update, and deletion anomalies that could...
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...groups of data are organized and are much easier for many people to understand. For example, a data set containing all the real-estate transactions in a town can be In the field of relational database design, normalization is a systematic way of ensuring that a database structure is suitable for general purpose querying and free of certain undesirable characteristics; insertion, update, and deletion anomalies that could lead to a loss of data integrity. Informally, a relational database table is often described as “normalized” if it is in the Third Normal Form. Most 3NF tables are free of insertion, update, and deletion anomalies, i.e. in In the field of relational database design, normalization is a systematic way of ensuring that a database structure is suitable for general purpose querying and free of certain undesirable characteristics; insertion, update, and deletion anomalies that could lead to a loss of data integrity. Informally, a relational database table is often described as “normalized” if it is in the Third Normal Form. Most 3NF tables are free of insertion, update, and deletion anomalies, i.e. in In the field of relational database design, normalization is a systematic way of ensuring that a database structure is suitable for general purpose...
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...BOUQUETMAKE. Flowers Sold BOUQUET *Bouquet Description (TEXT) *Bouquet Type (Picklist) – *Bouquet Price (Currency) *Occasion (Picklist) – *Sympathy (Picklist) – *Color (Picklist) – Bouquet Quantity Sold (Roll up) – From ORDERDETAIL. Bouquet Quantity PAYMENT INFO *Card Number (Number – Length: Fixed to 16) *Card Type (Picklist) – Credit, Debit *Name as on Card (TEXT) *Expiration Date (DATE – only MM/YY) CUSTOMER *First Name (TEXT) *Middle Name (TEXT) *Last Name (TEXT) *Customer Address (TEXT Area) *Customer Contact Number (Phone) *Customer Email ID (Email) *Gender (Picklist) – Male, Female Date of Birth: (composite attribute) – Not required Day (Number) Month (Number) Year (Number) Card Number (LookUp – Don't allow deletion) - Related to PAYMENTINFO Expiration Date (Formula - Date) - PAYMENT INFO. Expiration Date EMPLOYEE *First Name (TEXT) *Middle Name (TEXT) *Last Name (TEXT) *Employee Address (TEXT Area) *Employee Contact Number (Phone)...
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...price sequence has to be maintained by the index. Therefore, the new divisor is calculated to guarantee the sequence before and after the effectiveness date. The equation below must be satisfied: Σ 225 stocks before changeDivisor before change= Σ 225 stocks after changeNew divisor From the point of view of one who does not like a lot of risk and wants to minimize it. So, I would like to sell stocks that will be deleted and then will be stocks that will be added one day before the effectiveness date. In this case, if I would be able to swap the deletions and additions at the date, I would bear no risk. 2) What would you do if, instead, you were at the proprietary trading desk of Goldman Sachs? There are two possible trading strategies. 1st: used by arbitrageurs who anticipate a continuous price rise in the period after the announcement. But simply irrational bull traders may cause the price rise. Arbitrageur shorts deletions (buy additions) on announcement and holds the position until one day prior to the change date and settles it as close as possible to this day market close. Also, he can wait...
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...may or may not be valid, but the invalid ones are generally so painfully invalid that there has been a backlash against the "other stuff exists" type of rationales. When used correctly, these comparisons are important as the encyclopedia should be consistent in the content that it provides or excludes. For example, Harmonizing file names of a set of images is a valid rationale for renaming file. (To a lesser degree, this applies to article titles as well, although article naming is more complex.) Trouble arises when legitimate comparisons are disregarded without thought or consideration of the Wikipedia:Five pillars. Contents [hide] 1 Deletion of articles 2 Creation of articles 3 Inherent notability 4 Precedent in usage 5 See also Deletion of articles[edit] The claim of "Other Stuff Exists" most often arises in article deletion debate, where it is often used in a poor manner. Examples: Keep There's an article on x, and this is just as famous as that. –LetsKeepIt! 04:04, 4 April 2004 (UTC) Delete We do not have an article on y, so we should not have an article on this. –GetRidOfIt! 04:04, 4 April 2004 (UTC) The nature of Wikipedia means that you cannot make a convincing argument based solely on what other articles do or do not exist, because there is nothing stopping anyone from creating any article (except for a salting, which is only performed in dire cases). While these comparisons are not a conclusive test, they may form part of a cogent argument; an entire...
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...genes that are the most likely causes of liver cancer (1). Zender claims oncogenes cIAP1 and Yap promote tumor growth, and are overexpressed in liver cancer cells. Garcia-Diaz and coworkers have also found that the slipping of DNA strands during synthesis by DNA polymerase can cause single bases to be deleted (2). Applying conditions for this slippage to the replication of the oncogenes in liver cancer cells will cause base deletion and render the gene unable to encode a protein that promotes tumor growth. The experimental control will be DNA sequences matching the oncogenes that will be treated with DNA polymerase λ due to its high rate of base deletion (2). A second experimental control will be DNA treated with DNA polymerase μ. The negative control will consist of untreated DNA. The crystallization process used by Garcia-Diaz and colleagues to uncover the structure of the polymerase and DNA will be used to determine which DNA bases, if any, are deleted. The oncogene will become unable to promote tumor malignancy if its bases are targeted for deletion. Background Zender applied genome analysis to human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, or liver cancer cells, and mouse liver tumors to determine the genes cIAP1 and Yap have cancer-causing properties. cIAP1 prevents the cell from undergoing apoptosis and Yap codes for a protein that contributes to tumor growth and malignancy (1). Michael Overholtzer and coworkers reached similar conclusions about he Yap gene (3). Figure...
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...=============================== 7.5 Write a CREATE TABLE statement for the EMPLOYEE table. Email is required and is an alternate key, and the default value of Department is Human Resources. Cascade updates but not deletions from DEPARTMENT to EMPLOYEE. • EMPLOYEE (EmployeeNumber, FirstName, LastName, Department, Phone, Email) • Department in EMPLOYEE must exist in DepartmentName in DEPARTMENT • EmployeeNumber is a surrogate key that starts at 1 and increments by 1. Solution: CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE( EmployeeNumber Int NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1), FirstName Char(25) NOT NULL, LastName Char(25) NOT NULL, Department Char(35) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘Human Resources’, Phone Char(12) NULL, Email Char(100) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT EmployeePK PRIMARY KEY(EmployeeNumber), CONSTRAINT DepartmentFK FOREIGN KEY(Department) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(DepartmentName) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE NO ACTION, CONSTRAINT EmployeeAK UNIQUE(Email) ); ========================================================================================= 7.6 Write a CREATE TABLE statement for PROJECT table. The default value for MaxHours is 100. Cascade updates but not deletions from DEPARTMENT to EMPLOYEE. • PROJECT (ProjectID, Name, Department, MaxHours, StartDate, EndDate) • Department in PROJECT must exist in DepartmentName in DEPARTMENT • ProjectID is a surrogate key that starts at 1000...
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...1) Suppose you are a portfolio manager for the MBA Advisor Nikkei 225 index fund, which has Y100 billion in assets linked to the Nikkei 225 index. What should you do when you hear news of the index redefinition? In your preparation, you should consider: a) The construction of the Nikkei index and the portfolio weights it gives rise to. In order to minimize risk, they would like to sell stocks to be deleted and buy stocks to be added to rebalance the portfolios and swap the deletions and additions at the closing price. Upon announcement of the composite change, they can go long the stocks newly adopted and short sell deletions. For short sales, they go the securities lending market and borrow the stocks. They have to act fast since borrowing demand in the securities lending market shoots up upon announcements. This long position in additions and short position in deletions will be held until one day prior to the change date. And then unwind the position as close as possible to the closing of the change date. For the price-weight average, since the index substituted 30 large capitalization stocks for 30 small capitalization stocks, down weighting the 195 stocks that remained in the index and most of the additions were technology companies which experienced high returns, the index divisor would be adjusted for this redefinition. The additions would drive the price up and have a higher weight in the portfolio. b) The effect of your trading on the prices of the index constituents...
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...1. What is Normalization? It basically involves dividing larger tables down to smaller tables and to define the relationships between them. Basically a means of efficiently organizing data in a database. One thing is eliminating redundancy. 2. What is Insertion, Update and Deletion anomalies? a. Insertion anomaly- It is a failure to place information about a new database entry into all the places in the database where information about the new entry needs to be stored. b. Update Anomaly- Basically involves modifications that may be additions, deletions, or both. Really can be either deletion or insertion anomaly. c. Deletion Anomaly- Is the failure to remove information about an existing database entry when it is time to remove that entry. For example: normalized database, information about an old to be gotten rid of entry needs to be deleted from only one place in the database but in an inadequately normalized database, information about that old entry might need to be deleted from more than one place. 3. What is the importance of Normalization? There are basically three major reasons why normalization is important, 1- is wasted space, 2- Resource usage, 3- data integrity. 4. Explain all the normal forms? a. 1NF-1st Normal Form- Represents a relation and has no repeating groups. b. 2NF-2nd Normal Form- No non-prime attribute in the table is functionally dependent of a subset or any candidate key. c. 3NF-3rd Normal Form- Every non-prime attribute is non-transitively...
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...Chapter 6: Binary Trees Objectives Looking ahead – in this chapter, we’ll consider • Trees, Binary Trees, and Binary Search Trees • Implementing Binary Trees • Searching a Binary Search Tree • Tree Traversal • Insertion • Deletion Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, Fourth Edition 2 Objectives (continued) • • • • • • Balancing a Tree Self-Adjusting Trees Heaps Treaps k-d Trees Polish Notation and Expression Trees Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, Fourth Edition 3 Trees, Binary Trees, and Binary Search Trees • While linked lists, stacks, and queues are useful data structures, they do have limitations – Linked lists are linear in form and cannot reflect hierarchically organized data – Stacks and queues are one-dimensional structures and have limited expressiveness • To overcome these limitations, we’ll consider a new data structure, the tree • Trees consist of two components, nodes and arcs (or edges) • Trees are drawn with the root at the top, and “grow” down – The leaves of the tree (also called terminal nodes) are at the bottom of the tree Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, Fourth Edition 4 Trees, Binary Trees, and Binary Search Trees (continued) • Trees can be defined recursively as follows: 1. 2. 3. A tree with no nodes or arcs (an empty structure) is an empty tree If we have a set t1… tk of disjoint trees, the tree whose root has the roots of t1… tk as its children is a tree Only structures...
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