...Project Philippe Francois the problem of juvenile Delinquency This paper explains that juvenile delinquency, it will make the argument on how to reduce it and bring light to this problem which is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban America. It can lead to law-breaking juvenile, which often can lead to adult lives as career criminals. Over the years experts have given us many theories on the causes of juvenile delinquency, including one's economic background, parents level of education and abuse in the home, gangs organizations, repeated neighborhood delinquents, increased availability of weapons and new technology violent games have something to do with the growing of our young people getting in trouble and becoming part of the juvenile delinquent system. However in my opinion the number one cause of juvenile delinquency is the breakdown of families, including lack of parental control over their children. It is ironic in America, in todays age, a person must poses a driver's license to operate a vehicle, a permit to own a gun and even a license to have a pet, but one does not have to have proper training or a license in order to become a parent. Without specialized educational or programs in child development and parenting, many of our future parents will not have a chance at becoming successful parents and worse, many of todays parents are already contributing to the increasing problem of juvenile delinquency simply by not knowing how to raise their children...
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...Running Head: Crime in America Economics, Crime, and Prevention in America Clara m. Jones Strayer University Instructor: Dr. Astiage Tondari Economics 405: Economics of Social Issues June 7, 2012 Abstract Economic theories of crime have long been put forward in an attempt to explain criminality. They undertake to explain crime in terms of economic reasons as we as in terms of the structuring of society. Two of the most prolific of these theories look at the country of America and present differing explanations of the causes of crime in this country (Merton 1938; 1949; 1957; 1968; 1995; 1997; 1999; Clubb, 2001). Robert Merton seeks to explain crime in terms of a strain to anomie’ while Elliott Currie’ sees crime as a product of the factors associated with market society. These theories may concentrate specifically on America they are of general application; therefore, one can consider whether or not they explain the causes of criminality in the UK in the present day. There will be more in this paper on Merton and Currie as well as others in this. This paper discusses the effects of child maltreatment, adolescent maltreatment on delinquency and crime, including violet and nonviolent offending. This paper will discuss, gender difference, deviant behavior, and substance abuse (drugs). This paper will discuss will economic analysis classification of crime, deterrence, rehabilitation, incarceration, recidivism, parole, probation, court systems, good and services, and legalization...
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...Causes of Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Justice Causes of Juvenile Delinquency The causes of juvenile delinquency are many. Some experts would say that juvenile delinquency has its roots in a biological cause. Other experts will assert that the cause is of an environmental nature. In this research paper, the author will examine both theories and present both supporting and contradicting evidence for both theories. However, before he can begin, the author must give a brief history of the juvenile justice system in the United States and how that system has handled juvenile delinquency thus far. In the days of old, juvenile justice was an unheard of concept. Most nations did not make a distinction between a juvenile and an adult (Bartollas & Miller, 2011). The court systems of early nations simply held the belief that an offender needed to be punished for a crime the same way no matter what the age of the offender. This led to children being punished in the same manner as adults. Early court systems did not recognize that juvenile offenders had different needs and motives than adults (Bartollas & Miller, 2011). It is fair to say that this fact is erroneous in every aspect. This tradition continued into the mid-1800s. In England, for example, “some 160-200 capital offenses were listed in the statutes for which children could be executed.” (Bartollas & Miller, 2011, p. 5). This is an amazing statistic. Knowing that young children could be executed sheds...
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...Curbing Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile delinquency is defined by the law as youthful offenders (those 18 and under) who commit offenses that would be considered criminal if they were in front of the court as an adult (Siegel & Welsh, 2012). It has become more serious in the last fifty years or so. Crime and offenses mostly committed by the youth has been on the rise since the mid-twentieth century. It is an area that has received much media attention and has politicians worried. There are several different reasons that young people may turn to crime, including drugs, trouble at home, peer pressure, and gangs. There are several methods and strategies that can be implemented in order to curb juvenile delinquency. These strategies create a safe environment for both youths and the public. When the crime rates go down, everyone will feel safer. One strategy that can be used to curb juvenile delinquency is through education. Studies have shown that education can reduce the impact that peer pressure has on young people (Siegel & Welsh, 2012). Youths normally like to spend their time with their peers, rather than with their family, particularly parents or authority figures. Through education, though, teens learn to improve their behavior and thoughts; namely, they do not feel the need to be part of any particular group (Siegel & Welsh, 2012). Educational programs can teach young adults the importance of morals and civic consciousness. Civic-minded individuals will steer...
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...Juvenile delinquency is a rapidly growing problem in both the developing and developed countries. In Kenya, the incidences of juvenile delinquency have increased in the resent years and thus it has prompted the research studies on juveniles and crime. Juvenile delinquency is a type of offences committed by young people. The major offences committed by juveniles include vandalism, auto-theft, vagrancy, truancy and incorrigibility. The prevalence of juvenile delinquency has fostered by high living standard in the country, media and technology, availability and misuse of drugs, poor parental skills and broken-homes. However, most cases of juvenile delinquency are never reported, thus making it impossible to arrive at an accurate assessment of the number of children who engage in delinquency. In the 1960s in the United States of America, Gottrieb and Ramsey (1964) observed that only about third of adolescents apprehended by the police for offences considered delinquent were ever taken to police station or juvenile court. Usually, published figures underestimate the real incidences(Snooks, 1980). Therefore, this research proposal tries to study both the overlooked cases and addressed cases of juvenile delinquency in order to understand the risk factors and come up with more accurate figures that will help the CJS and rehabilitative centers come up with effective preventive measures.. This research proposal seeks to explore the different root causes of delinquency in Kericho...
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...Juvenile Justice System There are many aspects that go into the juvenile justice system. Dealing with juveniles is a much more sensitive matter than that with adults. Some of the aspects of the juvenile justice system include the historical development of the system, the predominant philosophy, key differences between the juvenile and adult systems, distinguishing between dependency and delinquency, and the reason behind the importance of confidentiality in juvenile court. After reading the class material and reviewing case laws and legislations, we can have a further understanding of the aforementioned keys. Historically, the juvenile justice system dates back to England in the 1600s. Chancellors were appointed to make decisions, which were in the best interest of the juvenile. In 1839 there was the case of Ex Parte Crouse, which dealt with a father attempting to release his daughter, Mary Anne Crouse, from the Philadelphia House of Refuge. The girl was not given a trial and the courts rejected the father’s claims. The state made decisions on behalf of the child and other states decided to do the same. In the case of Reform Schools and People ex rel. O’Connell v. Turner in 1870, courts were confining juveniles in reform schools. Many children in Illinois were getting put in reform schools for simply loitering or playing in the streets. Many parents began complaining of the unjust rulings. Later on the courts ruled juvenile delinquents would be placed under the...
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...involvement with an illegal act considered to be an infringement of implemented federal, state, or municipal law. An individual under the-age-of 18 who commits an illegal act represents the categorical identification group classified under the term “Juvenile offender”. Juvenile delinquency has increased within the past 50 years. As a result of the extensive increase statistical information supporting juvenile delinquent offenses are assembled to display extensive increases and declines pertaining to delinquency within America. The overall decrease in juvenile arrests, increase in juvenile narcotics offenses, and simple assaults will be identified, divided, and examined. The implications for juvenile female and minorities will also be thoroughly examined along with an assessment highlighting the tracking of juvenile arrests as a method of measuring the amount of, and trends within juvenile offenses. The overall decrease in juvenile detainment for violent juvenile offenses within 2008 decreased in comparison to the statistical information projecting violent juvenile actions within the 1990s. Juvenile delinquency supporting violent offenses extensively increased throughout the 1990s within Northern America most likely as a result of the increase in gang membership, extensive narcotics trade, and the introduction of crack cocaine within the late 1980s. In 2008 “Juveniles accounted for 16% of all violent crime arrests and 26% of all property crime arrests” (Puzzanchera, 2009, p. 1)...
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...act deemed to be an infraction of implemented Federal, state, or municipal law. An individual under the-age-of 18 who commits an illegal act represents the categorical identification group classified under the term “Juvenile offender”. Juvenile delinquency has increased within the past 50 years. As a result of the extensive increase statistical information supporting juvenile delinquent offenses are compiled to display extensive increases and declines pertaining to delinquency within America. The overall decrease in juvenile arrests, increase in juvenile narcotics offenses, and simple assaults will be identified, dissected, and examined. The implications for juvenile female and minorities will also be thoroughly examined along with an assessment highlighting the tracking of juvenile arrests as a method of measuring the amount of, and trends within juvenile offenses. Overall Decrease: Juvenile Arrests The overall decrease in juvenile detainment for violent juvenile offenses within 2008 decreased in comparison to the statistical information projecting violent juvenile actions within the 1990s. Juvenile delinquency supporting violent offenses extensively increased throughout the 1990s within Northern America most likely as a result of the increase in gang membership, extensive narcotics trade, and the introduction of crack cocaine within the late 1980s. In 2008 “Juveniles accounted for 16% of all violent crime arrests and 26% of all property crime...
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...|Adolescence and Delinquency | |I couldn't begin to cover all the possible reasons that may cause an | |adolescent to become a "juvenile delinquent." During my research, I found | |that the term juvenile delinquency is defined a number of ways. Mosby's | |Medical Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary summed up juvenile delinquency | |best with this definition; "resistant antisocial, illegal, or criminal | |behavior by children or adolescents to the degree that it cannot be | |controlled or corrected by the parents, endangers others in the community, | |and becomes the concern of a law enforcement agency"(1994). | |I found that most theories about what causes delinquency in children and | |adolescents originate with families and parenting. Many statistics and | |studies have been conducted comparing the number of youths that had chosen a | |delinquent life style, with single parent households, or parents who were...
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...Reduction of Juvenile Delinquency in the United States Terry Gatlin AIU Online Abstract In the United States, juveniles involved with the law are treated differently from adults. However, this has not always been the case. In the earlier times, children were thrown into jails with adults. Long prison terms and corporal punishment were common. Some children were even sentenced to death for their crimes. Juvenile Delinquency in America In the United States today Juvenile Delinquency is getting way out of hand, when it comes to harsh crimes being committed by our youth. Today the majority of the states have set an age limit in which determines whether the person who is accused of a serious/non serious crime is treated as an adult or a juvenile. However, most states in the U.S. consider those who are under the age of 18 as juveniles. But some states have set their limits to 16 or 17years of age. Consequently, most of the states if a juvenile is charged with a serious crime, such as murder etc. that child can be sent to a criminal court and could be tried as an adult. The public appears much more aware of juvenile crime today than in the past; this is due in part to more thorough reporting techniques and greater emphasis on publicizing delinquent acts in the media. Official U.S. crime reports in the 1980s showed that about one-fifth of all persons arrested for crimes are under 18 years of age. In the 1970s, juvenile...
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...their gender or can it not getting the attention they need. People wander if the gender between the boys and girls has anything to do with the delinquency. Girls become delinquent for a vary of different reasons than boys. A girl can become delinquent based on the biological, social, and cultural differences between the girls and boys. The hormones onset and brain development, to the child's up bringing in the home, to the way a girl is expected to act in public opposed to how the boys are. Boys are taught to take care of themselves, to be more aggressive towards their goals and to act out more angry and retributive fashion than girls do. Boys are expected to mature faster than girls and are mainly raised by parents that they are to take care of the home. Does families have anything to do with delinquency? Researchers shows that family structures plays a huge part in the characteristics of juvenile delinquencies. In a family, the parents are separated there are less supervision on the children when growing up. Only one parent is present, that parent is doing all the work to provide the household with the income that is needed to take care of the home. The parents usually doesn't know where the children are and what they are doing. The fact of low income housing, where crimes are high, have some to do with the juvenile delinquencies because the juveniles are out with the gangs and drugs. Wright (1993) explains that children that are rejected by their parents, grow up in homes...
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... that they may enjoy the promise of America. We fight for their innocence and their dreams. It is a fight for our future.”(Schmalleger, 2011, Chapter 15). I read this quote during my reading and it stuck with me throughout this entire section. Most youth in America today struggles with the idea of dreaming a better life. Many juveniles are put in a downward position and expected to pull up with just the strength of them. Some can accomplish this but many fail and enter into the juvenile system, trying to obtain the better life. Growing up for me in a poverty stricken area I seen a lot of crime committed by juveniles. Instead of being in school and enjoying the freedom we had between classes, and taking advantage of being a kid, children were robing other kids for shoes, cell phones, and money. Children were hanging out on street corners selling drug and joining gangs, trying to obtain a sense of belonging and fast money. In my neighborhood the drug dealers and gangbangers were idealized while the police and teachers were hated. Growing up around this only made me want to push for my dream of becoming a defense attorney for juveniles more of a reality. According to Schmalleger (2011), the juvenile justice system is the aggregate of the government agencies that function to investigate, supervise, adjudicate, care for, or confine youthful offenders and other children subject to the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. Delinquency In the broadest usage,...
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...Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile delinquency has been on the decline in recent years. The study of the variables, and distinction between the adult and juvenile systems, has helped in the decline. Delinquency is a criminal behavior that is committed by a juvenile. Depending on where in the United States the juvenile lives, they will be considered an adult between the ages of 16 to 18. This age has been lowered for serious crimes like murder. In those cases, juveniles have been tried as adults in court. Delinquency refers to conduct that does not conform to legal or moral standards of society; it usually applies only to acts that, if performed by an adult, would be termed criminal (“Encyclopedia Britannica”, 2013). This helps to distinguish delinquency from a status offense. Status offense is a word used in the United States to describe acts that when committed by a juvenile are illegal, but not when an adult does it is legal. These offenses are considered to be a violation because the individual is...
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...Herrnstein, Richard J. and Charles Murray (1994) The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Social Class in American Life. New York: Free Press. Hirschi, Travis and Michael J. Hindelang (1977) ‘Intelligence and Delinquency: A Revisionist Review’, American Sociological Review 42(4): 571–87. Horowitz, Ruth (1983) Honor and the American Dream: Culture and Identity in a Chicano Community. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Ianni, Francisco (1974) Black Mafia: Ethnic Succession in Organized Crime. New York: Simon & Schuster. Irwin, John (1980) Prisons in Turmoil. Boston, MA: Little-Brown. Joselit, Jenna Weissman (1983) Our Gang: Jewish Crime and the New York Jewish Community, 1900–1940. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Joyeaux, Carl [pseud.] (1960) Out of the Burning: The Story of a Boy Gang Leader. New York: Crown. Kasarda, John E. (1990) ‘Urban Industrial Transition and the Underclass’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 501: 26–47. Katz, Jack (1990) Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil. New York: Basic Books. Klein, Malcolm (1998) The American Street Gang. New York: Oxford University Press. Klein, Malcolm W. and L.Y. Crawford (1968) ‘Groups, Gangs and Cohesiveness’, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 4(1): 63–75. Kornhauser, Ruth Rosner (1978) Social Sources of...
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...Causes of Delinquency and Methods of Prevention Jermaine Thomas CJ 3308 Juvenile Justice University of Houston-Downtown Causes of Delinquency and Methods of Prevention Introduction Juvenile delinquency is a term used to describe illegal acts committed by individuals in society younger than the age in which the government recognizes as him/her as an adult. In America, the general rule of thumb for labeling a person as a juvenile is any person between the age of 10 and 18. However, this does vary slightly from state to state. An act committed by a juvenile can only be considered delinquent if the same act is punishable if it were to be committed by an adult. Other violations of rules such as curfew violations and underage smoking are considered age-restricted violation as opposed to being labeled as a “delinquent act”. Juvenile Delinquency has always been an issue in the criminal justice system. A study done by Sharma, Mishra, & Kumar (2013) found that the average age of juvenile delinquents was 16.20 years of age, and the average age of non-delinquents was 16.5 years of age. Furthermore, of the delinquents, most of their crimes were committed at the age of 14.84 years of age. The creation of the juvenile justice system in 1899 in Chicago was a way of dealing with this growing problem. Since then, the juvenile justice system has been very useful in helping to evaluate, rehabilitate, and if necessary, punish juveniles that commit delinquent acts. However, the issue...
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