...Juvenile Delinquency Introduction The terms juvenile and delinquency have particular meanings in state and federal law. For instance, across different countries, a juvenile is any person under the age of 17 or 18 years, and delinquency refers to acts committed by a juvenile that can be considered a crime if committed by an adult. Moreover, delinquency can also refer to actions that are illegal solely because of the age of the offender. Various studies have revealed that there exist four pillars in a child’s life, which can help in scrutinizing, understanding, and addressing the issue of “child and youth crime”. These pillars include family, peers, school, and the community. In most cases, children reflect the behaviors they learn in their environment. For example, a child who has been nurtured on a diet of violence has a high probability of becoming a violent adult (Chambliss, 2011). This paper intends to discuss juvenile delinquency, factors that contribute to it, and the key strategies to embrace in curtailing it. Different aspects connected to juvenile delinquent behavior can be noted from the case study at hand. For instance, it is worth noting that a child who is brought up by deviant/violent parents will likely borrow the same traits in his/her youth and as an adult. This can be vindicated from the fact that Holly being born by a rebellious mother, who was once apprehended on a drug conviction, borrowed the same traits, and became mutinous, disregarding all the pieces...
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...Causes of Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Justice Causes of Juvenile Delinquency The causes of juvenile delinquency are many. Some experts would say that juvenile delinquency has its roots in a biological cause. Other experts will assert that the cause is of an environmental nature. In this research paper, the author will examine both theories and present both supporting and contradicting evidence for both theories. However, before he can begin, the author must give a brief history of the juvenile justice system in the United States and how that system has handled juvenile delinquency thus far. In the days of old, juvenile justice was an unheard of concept. Most nations did not make a distinction between a juvenile and an adult (Bartollas & Miller, 2011). The court systems of early nations simply held the belief that an offender needed to be punished for a crime the same way no matter what the age of the offender. This led to children being punished in the same manner as adults. Early court systems did not recognize that juvenile offenders had different needs and motives than adults (Bartollas & Miller, 2011). It is fair to say that this fact is erroneous in every aspect. This tradition continued into the mid-1800s. In England, for example, “some 160-200 capital offenses were listed in the statutes for which children could be executed.” (Bartollas & Miller, 2011, p. 5). This is an amazing statistic. Knowing that young children could be executed sheds...
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...demo-graphs are high risk to be involved with these activities and in most cases dire outcomes. Numerous cases of theft, violence, and general delinquency are becoming top tier phenomenon’s, as general delinquency mode of operation for this adolescent generation. As we make an analysis of this ordeal as a whole, one would find that there are many factors that can be said to be the common denominator in its contribution to so many misguided children and young adults. We are moving out an age where child and parental communication is being hindered as the general family structures of todays home are growing into a state of total degeneracy. Many children and teens often grow up in single parent homes and are exposed to inconsistencies in discipline, physical, verbal and substance substance abuse only to go to a school to interact with a social group that thrives in these themes in a more concentrated manner. Interestingly enough, the effect of these causes tends to end in outcomes that can’t be redeemed lightly from as many kids, undergo long-term sentences in juvenile detention. Other obstacles such as teens and young adults being killed in violence are tried as adults, thus losing their lives and chances for redemption. Fortunately there has been a new procedure being implemented as many at risk kids are being put into juvenile detention center for a short term, as an attempt to scare them straight and apply correct disciplinary acts in order for those misguided young...
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... Juvenile Delinquency Casey Cooper During the late 1980's and early 1990's, the nature of offenses committed by juveniles changed. Juvenile crime grew more serious and violent, the rate of offending by females increased disproportionately, youth began entering the juvenile justice system at younger ages, and gang involvement became more prevalent. Recommendations for improving the juvenile justice system must take these changes into account. To establish a context for consideration of the future of the juvenile justice system, the workshop began with a presentation 1 of analyses of trends in juvenile arrests. The increase in juvenile arrests during the past decade driven by arrests for violent crimes -- raises concerns in light of the projected 30-percent increase in the number of 15- to 16-year-olds by 2010. While the juvenile arrest rate for property crimes remained stable during the late 1980's and early 1990's, the number of juvenile arrests for violent crimes was 67 percent greater than in 1986. Nonetheless, a relatively small percentage of juveniles are arrested for violent crimes. In 1995, the rate was 500 per 100,000, or less than one-half of 1 percent of the juvenile population. Moreover, the juvenile arrest rate for murder declined in 1994 and 1995. In 1994, 82 percent of all counties in the United States did not have even one juvenile charged with murder. Increases in juvenile crime since the mid-1980's...
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...Juvenile Justice and Rehabilitation When discussing rehabilitation or punishment for juvenile delinquents, I believe there should be rehabilitation over punishment. Granted there are numerous cases that completely warrant punishment, but punishment isn’t always the answer. Adults are usually given second, third and fourth chances to change their lives. And sometimes rehabilitation isn’t involved. I believe since adolescents still have plenty of time to get counseling or learn about themselves and why they acted the way they did, there is always an opportunity for them to change. Adolescents don’t have the same thought process as adults. They tend to react emotionally, so if their emotions are flying high, adolescents aren’t always able to stop themselves from doing something foolish or harmful to others. This is also the point in their life when they are becoming curious about how their bodies are changing. Also add in drug or alcohol experimentation and that’s a recipe for trouble. There are numerous supporters for rehabilitation, just like there are individuals against it. As long as there is a juvenile justice system, there will always be a debate. One person that agrees with rehabilitation is Kurt Kumli, a supervising deputy district attorney for the Santa Clara County’s Juvenile Division in California. Mr. Kumli (2001) stated that there are different methods that work on different kids. But the one thing that is constant, is the need to get to the kids “sooner, than...
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...James Spencer HUS345 THE EFFECTS OF MENTORING AT-RISK YOUTH Abstract: Mentoring has arguments both for and against its effectiveness in relation to at-risk youth. These programs have been known to help in areas of self-esteem, attitudes toward drugs and alcohol, grades, attendance and disciplinary problems in school. Although, the scope of at-risk youth can be quite narrow, if administered correctly it can be inclusive of all teens with emotional and behavioral problems. These programs should not be considered a quick fix to such a large problem, but it can be used as a means to an end. Mentoring programs for youth and teens considered to be at-risk have begun to grow throughout the country. Not all programs agree on a generalized approach, but it is fair to say the concept is the same when dealing with this group of youth. The term mentor is basically described as a trusted counselor or teacher. The term at-risk, for purposes of this study, relates to youth from single parent households, who exhibit emotional and behavioral problems. The overall consensus is to pair a responsible and caring adult with a troubled adolescent youth. The ultimate goal is for a relationship to form and to build a bond of trust with an adult who can in turn, help them deal with the troubles...
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...AND WHAT ARE THEIR IMPORTANCE PLANNING AND BUDGETING IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME INTRODUCTION Like budgeting, planning is crucial to, individuals and organizations. The popular saying is “he who fails to plan, plans to fail”. Without good planning, development which is assumed to be the ultimate goal of all social programmes becomes a mirage. The primary reason for planning is to take care of the future. Thus, planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it, who is to do it, why do it, and how much resources are to be used. Planning requires both skill and innovation than budgeting because the time period that development plans normally do take care of is much longer than budgeting that is barely twelve calendar months. Put differently, planning is anticipation of the future based on the present therefore, ‘Plan is a blueprint of action.’ A budgeting is simply the statement of expected income and expenditure over a time period, usually a year. Program planners at all levels do envisage how much they are likely to generate from all source available to them. At the same time, they visualize what the expenditure will be. The income side of a budget normally does include loans sourced both internally and externally. In essence, budget has become the means by which programme’s objectives is achieved. The major advantage of budgeting is to guarantee orderly development of the programme. It is important to note that a budget has two major sides. First...
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...The Plight of Young Girls Living as Teenage Prostitutes Angela Clyde October 5, 2009 Shorter College Professor Ashley Robbins Abstract In recent years there has been a surge in the number of young girls living as teenage prostitutes. The average age of a teenage prostitute today is 13 years old, and this problem has hit communities from the impoverished to the upper middle class. The lure into prostitution has captured girls that are runaways from broken homes, as well as those who suffered emotional and sexual abuse. Although these girls are offenders, they are first victims; thus causing advocates, social workers, and policy makers to unite to establish prevention programs and provide help to those girls living as prostitutes under the hands of men who represent themselves as their pimp a way of escape. Teenage prostitution is a problem in our community that many have failed to look at the severity of its growing presence. The number of girls living a life of prostitution has greatly increased over the last few years and is now beginning to draw local and national attention. The numbers and tragic stories of these young girls lured into this lifestyle for various reasons are beginning to cause society to stop and take notice. Girls as young as eleven years of age are being forced into a lifestyle of prostitution as a means for survival. In order to begin to work on addressing the problem of teen prostitution...
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...Dysfunctional Family A dysfunctional family is a family, in which conflict, misbehavior and even abuse on the part of individual members of the family occur continually, leading other members to accommodate such actions. Dysfunctional families are most often a result of the alcoholism, substance abuse, or other addictions of parents, parents' untreated mental illnesses/defects or personality disorders, or the parents emulating their own dysfunctional parents and dysfunctional family experiences. Types of Dysfunctional Families 1. The Alcoholic or Chemically Dependent Family System 2. The Emotionally or Psychologically Disturbed Family System 3. The Physically or Sexually Abusing Family System 4. The Religious Fundamentalist or Rigidly Dogmatic Family System [References] Kizziar, Dr. J. (2011). Types Of Dysfunctional Families | Child Abuse Statistics, Child Abuse Stories. Retrieved from http://www.child-abuses.com/tag/types-of-dysfunctional-families Roles of Dysfunctional Families "The Good Child" - often the family hero who assumes the parent role 2. "The Problem Child" - becomes the scapegoat 3. "Caretaker" - takes responsibility for the emotional well-being of the family 4. "The Lost Child" inconspicuous, the quiet one [References] Bradshaw, J. (2010). Dysfunctional Family. Retrieved from http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Dysfunctional_family WHAT GOES WRONG IN DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES? * Deficient Parents Deficient parents hurt their children more...
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...Caring for Populations: Milestone1: Community Windshield Survey Form Directions: Please refer to the Milestone 1: Community Windshield Survey Guidelines and grading rubric found in Doc Sharing for specific instructions in order to complete the information below. This assignment is worth 150 points. Type your name above and your answers below directly on this form. Click Save as and save the file with the assignment name and your last name (e.g., “NR443 Windshield Survey Form_Smith”). When you are finished, submit the form to the Week 2 Caring for Populations: Windshield Survey Dropbox by the deadline indicated in your guidelines. Your Name: Jennifer Russell Date: March 15, 2015 Your Instructor’s Name: Professor Terry Brennan Criteria | Your response | 1. Community introduction: Identify the community you will be using for this assignment. It should be the area where you live or the area surrounding your work setting. | The area in which I live called Holland, Ohio in Springfield Township. This town is a small suburb of Toledo, Ohio. According to the website, City-data.com, there is approximately 1,677 people residing in Holland, Ohio. It is very quiet most of the time and the community tends to look after one another in a community watch fashion. There are many shops, stores and restaurants despite being so small. And according to this website, its population is mainly Caucasian. (http://www.city-data.com/city/Holland-Ohio.html) | 2. Windshield surveya. vitality...
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...think of the mob from movies like godfather, goodfellas, and scarface. However; those movies are just a glorified representation of what organized crime actually is and the reality of organized crime and its impact of society is much more disturbing than anything Hollywood or story writers can develop. The purpose of this paper is to define and discuss what organized crime is, why it develops and why members of society are drawn to engage in it. This paper will also discuss the problems related to organized crime’s impact on society and the limitations the government faces when trying to eradicate this type of criminal activity. In addition, the laws and tools law enforcement uses to combat organized criminal activity will be explored and how those laws and tools can be expanded on to offer a viable solution in controlling organized crime. Organized Crime Described The simplest definition of organized crime can be 1. Widespread criminal activities, such as prostitution, interstate theft, or illegal gambling, that occur within a centrally controlled formal structure. 2. The people and the groups involved in such criminal activities. (thefreedictionary.com). This definition is what makes the difference between criminal activity conducted by an individual and criminal activity conducted by a group of people despite the types of crimes conducted. However there are specific crimes that criminal organizations primarily engage in and those can be divided into five separate categories;...
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...Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge God for giving me the wisdom and my teacher for providing guidance in doing this assignment. I would like to thank the respondents for participating and your cooperation in allowing me to collect information on the various questions I have put before you. This assignment would not have been possible without you. I thank you all. INTRODUCTION This Internal Assessment (I.A) will examine major factors that impinge on the issue of poverty, the analysis of which relates to problems of social integration of all members of society in the Caribbean. In its preparation, use has been made not only of the most recent data, but also of data relevant to periods, such as to detect trends of social development in terms of poverty and the direction of the process of social integration. This I.A. investigates the causes and effects, and solutions to, Poverty. Poverty is the state or condition of having little or no money, goods or means of support. The point of this I.A. is to find out the causes and effects of Poverty. This I.A. will outline the statement of the problem/aims, reasons why I chose Poverty, method of investigation, instrument of data collection/questionnaire, procedure for data collection, presentation of data, interpreting/analysis of data, findings/conclusions and recommendations. Numerous studies have been undertaken for the purpose of assessing...
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...or laissez faire policy. • Before 1900, politicians and writers begun to pinpoint targets for the progressive attack. Bryan, Altgeld, and the Populists flamed about the “bloated trusts” with corruption and wrongdoing. • Henry Demarest Lloyd wrote Wealth Against Commonwealth in 1894, it was about the Standard Oil Company and on its “predatory wealth” and “conspicuous consumption” • Veblen viewed parasitic leisure class engaged in wasteful “business” which was making money for money’s sake rather than the productive “industry” which was making goods to satisfy real needs. • Jacob A. Riis was Danish and immigrated to the U.S. He was a reporter for the New York Sun, and he wrote How the Other Half Lives. It shocked the middle class Americans in 1890; he talked about diseases, and how dirty and how bad off the New York slums were. It influenced New York City police commissioner, Theodore Roosevelt. • Theodore Dreiser wrote the The Financier and The Titan. He battered promoters and profiteers. • A lot of the socialists were European immigrants where there were already socialist movements in the old world. Messengers of the social gospel promoted a brand of progressivism based on Christian teachings. They used religious doctrines to demand better conditions for the poor. The number of Feminists also multiplied. Jane Addams and Lilian Wald fought to improve the conditions of families living in the cities. Raking Muck with the Muckrakers • During the beginning of the 20th century...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Child abuse is a global problem that has received tremendous attention in Western Countries. Not until recently was it confirmed that child abuse really existed in Africa generally and Nigeria in particular. The term “Child Abuse” refers to intention acts that result in physical or emotional harm to children. Child abuse covers a wide range of behaviour from physical assault by parents or other adult caretakers to neglect of child basic need. Traditionally, parent or adult have been entrusted by the society with the responsibility of caring for and guiding their children best interest. Observations have shown that parents or guardians differ in their ability to care for and protect their children. Thus the extent of child abuse is difficult to measure, culture around t he world have different standards in dealing in what constitutes child abuse. In Sweden, for example, the law prohibits any physical punishment of children, including spanking. By contrast, in some countries of Asia, Africa and the Caribbean parents are expected to punish their children by hitting them. Ordinarily, there is nothing wrong with that, but in cases where families or adults engage in practices that interfere with or inhibits a child, generally welfare and educational development, calls for serious concern in Africa in general cannot be left out in this performance problems. Often, feelings of guilt violation and lowered self esteem have...
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...coast to coast. However, these are only the cases that people find out about; there are countless other cases of police racism and brutality that are not reported. A series of reports that have been published in the last few years have shown that young black men are being incarcerated at a rate far greater than their number in the overall population. In the fall of 1995, Vincent Schiraldi, executive director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice in San Francisco, released a study that found that nationally 33% of the black men in their 20~s were under the control of the criminal justice system in some way, shape or form. This shows an increase from 1991, when 25% of the black men nationwide ages 20 to 29 were incarcerated, on probation, or on parole (Butterfield 1996). Schiraldi, attributed the higher incarceration rates for black men to tougher punishment for the use of crack cocaine than for other drugs; harsh new sentencing laws; the prison construction boom; and poverty, lack of good jobs and poor education in inner cities. We will address how tougher punishments have resulted in worse treatment for minorities in the criminal justice system. The tougher punishment for the use of crack cocaine, which is prevalent in minority neighborhoods, and the harsh new sentencing laws are a result of a new, stringent brand of law enforcement in which officers are trying to arrest as many people as possible. Unfortunately, as a result of this new brand of law enforcement, minorities...
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