...The Deming Cycle By Paul Arveson W. Edwards Deming in the 1950's proposed that business processes should be analyzed and measured to identify sources of variations that cause products to deviate from customer requirements. He recommended that business processes be placed in a continuous feedback loop so that managers can identify and change the parts of the process that need improvements. As a teacher, Deming created a (rather oversimplified) diagram to illustrate this continuous process, commonly known as the PDCA cycle for Plan, Do, Check, Act*: * PLAN: Design or revise business process components to improve results * DO: Implement the plan and measure its performance * CHECK: Assess the measurements and report the results to decision makers * ACT: Decide on changes needed to improve the process Deming's PDCA cycle can be illustrated as follows: Deming's focus was on industrial production processes, and the level of improvements he sought were on the level of production. In the modern post-industrial company, these kinds of improvements are still needed but the real performance drivers often occur on the level of business strategy. Strategic deployment is another process, but it has relatively longer-term variations because large companies cannot change as rapidly as small business units. Still, strategic initiatives can and should be placed in a feedback loop, complete with measurements and planning linked in a PDCA cycle. To illustrate the relationship...
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...Running head: Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA): The Deming Cycle Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA): The Deming Cycle Dana T. Colter Grand Canyon University EDA 577 Data Driven Decisions for School Improvement September 29, 2010 Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA): The Deming Cycle Increasing student achievement is one of the goals at Lewisville High School. There are two major exams used to measure student achievement. The first exam is the South Carolina High School HSAP exam. The second exam is the End-of Course Exam. South Carolina requires students to complete End-of-Course exams at the completion of English 1, Physical Science, U.S. History, and Algebra 1. Below you will find data from the 2009-2010 Algebra End-of-Course Exam. This exam is giving to students at the end of Algebra I CP and Algebra Tech II. The exam is given by the state and is twenty percent of the students’ final grade. The exam tests the South Carolina Algebra Standards. These standards include understanding functions, linear functions, and quadratic equations. |School Year | 2009 - 2010 | | | | |Grade |# of Students |Percentage | | | |A |12 |13% | |3 perfect Scores | |B |25 |27% ...
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...Quality Pioneer: W. Edwards Deming Melissa McLean University of Phoenix MGT/449 Gary Hudson January 24, 2011 Total Quality Pioneer: W. Edwards Deming It can be challenging to define exactly what quality is, as it varies on each individual’s perspective. Different individuals tried their hand at pioneering the concept of total quality management. W. Edwards Deming was known as a quality pioneer in the total quality movement. Today, the implementations of Deming’s elements of quality are essential to the success of organizations in attaining high customer satisfaction. Based on the elements that can be extracted from the idea of quality, the definition is best suited as a dynamic state associated with products, services, people, processes, and environments that meets or exceeds expectations and helps produce superior value (Goetsch, D. & Davis, S., 2010). There are three main elements of quality. The first element is to meet or exceed customer expectations. The second element states that quality applies not only to products and services, but also, people, processes, and environments. The third element of quality is that it is constantly changing. This meaning that a product that was considered of high quality ten years ago may not hold that same level of quality today. W. Edwards Deming was known as one of the best quality pioneers in the United States. At first the major U.S. organizations did not feel they need the assistance of Deming do to their being no...
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...Continuous improvement -Demming theory Deming theory Dr. W. Edwards Deming developed a method for the quality improvement process. He believed that the identification and correction of defects after production is not effective. The quality issue is critical to address before production rather than after production (Doherty, 2003). Along with this, it is identified that quality control issues arise due to poor management. If the processes are in place, their performance can be measured and changes can be made to improve the quality of products and process. For the continuous improvement, employee involvement is necessary. So, it is important to use highly effective techniques for continuous improvement in the workplace. According to Deming theory, the job of management is neither to assess employee output numerically nor to inspect product quality after production. But the management is responsible to create a production process and organizational culture that encourages employees for quality work (Gitlow, 2000). Deming proposed 14 principles of management such as: Develop constancy of purpose for improvement in products and services Adopt a new philosophy of economy Stop dependence on inspection to gain quality of products and services End the practice of awarding business according to the price tag. Improve the production system and quality to reduce costs Provide on the job training (Gitlow, 2000). Adopt new methods of leadership and supervision Drive...
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...expectations and helps produce superior value (Goetsch and Stanley). There are a few total quality pioneers but the one that is going to be discussed is W. Edward Deming. Deming has been known as the most influential proponent in quality management in the United States (Goetsch and Stanley). Deming worked at Western Electric and it is here that he began the use of statistics in quality because he noticed the great amount of waste that was at Western Electric. In 1940 Deming tried to help the U.S. Bureau of Census with the adoption of statistical sampling technique but at this Deming’s findings wasn’t being received positively. It wasn’t until WWII that Deming began his success with quality. During WWII Japan began to produce war materials. When the war ended Japan had to change to the production of consumer goods. Japan asked Deming to come over and help change the worlds existing paradigm that Japan produced cheap, shoddy imitations to one of producing innovative quality products (Leadership Institute, 2005). Deming told the Japanese that if they would follow his plan then their desired outcome to change everyone’s mind about the quality of products that are being produce in Japan will change in a few years. Deming made such a huge impact on Japan that the most prized award that can be given to a company is the Deming prize. It wasn’t until the 1980’s that Deming’s services were wanted by the United States. Deming’s has had a huge impact with the quality movement; many...
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...According to GE, (2010) there are three main elements of quality; customer, process, and the employee. GE has used these elements of quality to keep their business booming and maintain their competitive advantage. GE has a philosophy that says delighting their customers is a necessity because if they don’t delight their customers then someone else will. W. Edwards Deming is one of the most well known pioneers in Quality and is known for developing the Deming Cycle. The Deming Cycle consists of five parts; 1. Plan – Conduct consumer research and use the research in product planning. 2. Do – Produce the product 3. Check – Check the product to make sure it was produced the way it was planned 4. Act – Market the product 5. Analyze – Analyze how the product is received in the marketplace in terms of quality, cost, and any other criteria The Deming Cycle was developed to link the production of a product with consumer needs and focus the resources of all departments. This philosophy is both summarized and operationalized by Deming’s fourteen points. The fourteen points summarize Deming’s views on what a company must do to effect a positive transition from business as usual to world-class quality and they can be modified to fit specific applications. The elements of quality are useful in today’s business market because no longer are people just trying to compete locally. With the technology available today it is making it easier for companies to go global. When a company...
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...Introduction Quality is a familiar word. However it has a variety of interpretations and uses, and there are many definitions. For example when searched on the internet it produces ISO 8402-1986 standards defining Quality asthe totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs." BusinessDictionary.com (2013)Many people today claim they understand what is meant by quality and claim they know quality when they see it. In fact quality is a very difficult concept to grasp or understand and many experts have spent many years in defining quality and improving quality in their products and services and they believe there is always room for improvement. However the simplest way of explaining it is ‘meeting customer requirements’ Oakland J. S (1996). We have to therefore look at quality as something good and worth having. To examine quality and how it improves the organisation, we must explore the theorists and their findings. Quality Management was first introduced by the Father of Scientific Management Fredrick Taylor. Until the late 19th century there were little or no principles or theories for management. A manager was of superior importance who told the workers what they wanted done; the worker then went about his duty with little or no training, no motivation and little pay. Everything up until now was made in one unit form, usually from start to finish by the one person (craftsmen). ). From the late...
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...Total Quality Pioneer According to Goetsch and Davis, “organizations survive and thrive in a globally competitive marketplace by providing superior value to customers” (2010, p. 6). They further elaborate that, managers must understand how quality fits into the customers perceptions of superior value to satisfy them. Goetsch and Davis further state that total quality was developed into a comprehensive concept that pulled together elements from the different approaches of some of the early pioneers of quality. To gain a better understanding of the concept of quality, this paper will give a general overview of its elements. In addition, the paper will describe how Edward Deming, as a quality pioneer, use of the total quality elements made him successful. The paper will conclude with an explanation of why the elements of quality remain useful and what the author foresees about the future of quality in today’s environment. Overview of Quality Quality is defined differently by different people. For example, before enrolling a child in high school, a parent may look at the Department of Education’s grade for the school, accessibility to the campus, cost of sending the child to the school, and class size. Even though the parent may not verbalize a definition of quality, the attributes she looks at are her preferences for choosing a school that represent quality in her eyes. As a consumer, the parent’s decision about the quality of the school is based on a perception of the measurable...
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...Total Quality Pioneers Nicholas McLaughlin MGT-449 Timothy Peters Introduction This paper will cover quality and its elements, the pioneers of quality and what made them successful. What makes the elements useful in today’s market place and how quality can affect the future. The paper will also what Deming tried to teach for quality and how others expanded on his ideas. As an adjective quality means having a high degree of excellence. As a noun quality means a distinguishing characteristic("American Heritage Dictionary", 2009). The elements of quality are strategically based, customer focus, obsession with quality, scientific Approach, Long-term Commitment, teamwork, continual process improvement, education and training, freedom through control, unity of purpose, and employee involvement and empowerment. Deming was the first person to define quality and what it required to obtain quality. Deming uses the Deming cycle, Deming’s fourteen points, and Deming’s diseases. The cycle talks about consumer research, producing the product, checking the product and marketing the product. Finally, it talks about analyzing how the product is received. This final step is one that is important so that a company can learn about the marketplace. The fourteen points talk about leadership and employee empowerment to make a more efficient workplace. There is also the point of replacing quotas with leadership. Motivation of employees is more...
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...Total Quality Engineers Paper “Quality is a dynamic state associated with products, services, people, processes, and environments that meets or exceeds expectations and helps produce superior value.” (Goetsch & Davis, 2010, p. 5) Quality is an important aspect within every business, and to achieve total quality, businesses must follow the key elements associated with it. This paper will define the key elements of the total quality approach and explain why the elements of quality are useful in today’s environment. Furthermore, this paper will introduce one of the total quality pioneers, describe how the use of the total quality elements made the pioneer successful, and discuss the future of quality. 11 key elements of total quality are crucial to the success of businesses today. They are as follows: strategically based, customer focus, obsession with quality, scientific approach, long-term commitment, teamwork, continual process improvement, bottom-up education and training, freedom through control, unity of purpose, and employee involvement and empowerment. All 11 of these total quality elements allow organizations to create a foundation for the business and constantly maintain improvements. Strategies are fundamental to the success of any organization doing business, whether big, or small. The strategies are created to help an organization reach their future goals, which can be found in the mission statement. Focusing on the customers that purchase a product...
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...Kaizen The philosophy of continual progress By – XXXX Course - Quality Assurance Instructor – XXXX Due – Nov 30 Kaizen essay Introduction to Kaizen The word kaizen is the combination of two Japanese words. The word ‘Kai’ meaning ‘to do’ or ‘change’ and the word ‘Zen’ meaning ‘well’ This way of thinking is not only used in the field of manufacturing, engineering and business management but also in everyday life in Japan. This philosophy promotes gradual and continual progress and an increase in self-worth and total involvement in everything you do. The word Kaizen (To make better or continuous improvement) can easily be misspelled as Kaizan (To cook the books or alter or fake a document). Most professionals in the field could benefit with a careful study of the differences. Kaizen is a process that when applied daily eliminates overly hard work (Muri) and humanizes the workplace. The kaizen methodology basically involves making changes and monitoring the results, then adjusting. It also encourages employees to experiment on how to eliminate waste in the business process to increase productivity. Employees at all levels of an organization are expected to participate in ‘Kaizen’. From the CEO all the way down to the janitorial staff. The kaizen philosophy can be implemented by the individual but can also be applied as a group system. At Toyota, kaizen is generally implemented within workstations and is focused on improving the work environment and productivity...
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...Total Quality Jennifer Schilling-Shaw University of Phoenix Student MGT/449 February 11, 2012 Jennifer Schilling-Shaw University of Phoenix Student MGT/449 February 11, 2012 Elements and Future Elements and Future Quality? Quality involves meeting or exceeding the customer’s desires or expectations and can form from products, services, people, processes, and surroundings (Goetsch & Davis, 2010). Most will judge the quality of services, people who provide the services, response time, price, environment, and overall satisfaction. Many different individuals have brought useful information to form total quality including Deming, Juran, and Crosby. Today all elements from total quality management are useful to help the organization meet the customer expectations and employee satisfaction. Total quality is about continuous improvement of the quality of services, products, processes, people and the environment (Goetsch & Davis, 2010). Total quality has 11 critical elements that helps grasp total quality within the whole organization. First it is important for an organization to have a strategic base that includes a vision, mission, broad objectives, and actions that will accomplish the broad objectives. Customer focus also is important which looks to satisfy both the internal customers work together within the organization surrounding the quality of product or services and external customers value the level of quality of the delivered products or...
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...Recent Work on Business Cycles in Historical Perspective: Review of Theories and Evidence ABSTRACT This survey outlines the evolution of thought leading to the recent developments in the study of business cycles. The subject is almost coextensive with short-term inacrodynamics and has a large interface with economics of growth, money, inflation, and expectations. The coverage is +-)y.Pry' kg4h v4r 4 ii4 c,1 ,i4 4 tT The paper first summarizes the "stylized facts" that ought to be explained by the theory. This part discusses the varying dimensions of business cycles; their timing, amplitude, and diffusion features; some international aspects; and recent changes. The next part is a review of the literature on "self-sustaining" cycles. It notes some of the older theories and proceeds to more recent models driven by changes in investment, credit, and price-cost-profit relations. These models are mainly endogenous and deterministic. Exogenous factors and stochastic elements gain importance in the part on the modern theories of cyclical response to monetary and real disturbances. The early monetarist interpretations of the cycle are followed by the newer equilibrium models with price misperceptions and intertemporal substitution of labor. Monetary shocks continue to be used but the emphasis shifts from nominal demand changes and lagged price adjustments to informational lags and supply reactions. Various problems arise, revealed by intensive testing and criticisms...
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...This review will discuss Christine Canabou’s article “Fallon Worldwide Change” (originally titled “Free Innovation”, Fast Company, 2011). Canabou’s article is about innovation induced change. Canabou questions if a small ad agency who is struggling in their identity crisis is able to survive the mixed challenges from their clients and world economy, find new innovative ways of improving their creativity, and provide a comfortable home in the giant corporation for their employees. The article explains that change is needed in order to survive and there must be a development of new attitude and implementation of strategies in order to see or make change. The article is significant in giving an example of a successful business in managing changes that follows Lewin’s three steps models of change. However, while the sections are very clear in describing each step of the change, the article would only be telling a success story without really take a deeper look into the process of change. After a brief background story of the acquisition by a global advertising company, the author turns to the stages of change experienced by the agency. Using the most familiar model of change known today, Lewin’s three steps models, the author presents Unfreeze, Transition, and Freeze steps that the agency underwent. The article also affirms what Lewin’s model and Kotter’s model agree to each other in this case. As Lewin’s model requires on-going process exists while the change is undergone; therefore...
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...DR. W. EDWARDS DEMING (1900–1993) Dr. W. Edward Deming is best known for reminding management that most problems are systemic and that it is management's responsibility to improve the systems so that workers (management and non-management) can do their jobs more effectively. Deming argued that higher quality leads to higher productivity, which, in turn, leads to long-term competitive strength. The theory is that improvements in quality lead to lower costs and higher productivity because they result in less rework, fewer mistakes, fewer delays, and better use of time and materials. With better quality and lower prices, a firm can achieve a greater market share and thus stay in business, providing more and more jobs. When he died in December 1993 at the age of ninety-three, Deming had taught quality and productivity improvement for more than fifty years. His Fourteen Points, System of Profound Knowledge, and teachings on statistical control and process variability are studied by people all over the world. His books include: Out of the Crisis (1986), The New Economics (1993), and Statistical Adjustment of Data (1943). In emphasizing management's responsibility, Deming noted that workers are responsible for 10 to 20 percent of the quality problems in a factory, and that the remaining 80 to 90 percent is under management's control. Workers are responsible for communicating to management the information they possess regarding the system. Deming's approach requires an organization-wide...
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