...Rule out diagnoses or differential diagnoses are diagnoses that appear to share similar symptoms as the one that is being used for the client. Erika’s diagnosis is PTSD. Differential diagnosis are any other trauma-and-stressor related disorders such as adjustment disorder, and acute stress disorder. Acute stress disorder is differentiated from PTSD due to Acute Stress Disorder has a duration of three days to one month. Anxiety disorders such General Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Agoraphobia, Social Anxiety, and Specific Phobias can appear like some of the avoidant symptoms in PTSD, and the desire for things to be done in a certain order. OCD can appear like PTSD due to the presence of intrusive thoughts, but the thoughts usually are not due to a traumatic event and such is the same with any other anxiety disorder. Major Depression Disorder (MDD) can sometimes be diagnosed along with PTSD as the symptoms of PTSD may cause eventual depression but MDD lacks criterion C and D of PTSD. PTSD can also present like psychotic symptoms so differential diagnosis may be Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and...
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...ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN THE WORK PLACE PART I – SECTION I - REFERENCE LIST Search Strategy To facilitate my search criteria, I sought the use of various search engines such as Google scholars, Bing, ProQuest and Academic OneFile. In order to identify what I was meant to research and comprehend, I used certain keywords and certain phrases which are relevant to the topic I picked. The following are the keywords that I picked for search purpose • Causes of anxiety in workplace • Workplace depression • Effect of Alcohol and drug dependence on workplace • Anxiety and work environment • Boredom in job • Stress in workplace • organizational commitment & employee discontent • Physical fitness and work related issues • Dealing with Anxiety and Depression • Coping with Anxiety and Depression • Impact of anxiety and depression on organization and economy I had analyzed the various key words which are related to the topic and compared sourced information from other related sites for the topic. To find how organizations deal with anxiety and depression and how this affects other employees I initiated discussions with the human resource dept and the different chiefs of the company that I work, namely Gulf Cement Co. The Preliminary research question that I will be addressing in the literature review What are the effects of anxiety and depression in the work place and how organizations deal with it? A list of 6 – 8 Keywords and their definitions...
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...all different types of therapies i.e.: cognitive behavior therapy and narrative therapy. The biggest motivator that led me to choose this field of study was to make a positive difference in people’s lives and to work with individuals on an emotional level. I believe I have the ability to be able to put myself into someone else’s shoes and gage insight and understanding on an individual’s life situation whilst being compassionate and still holding a strong sense of social and criminal justice and believing they can still learn from their actions. I want to further understand people’s behaviors and choices in life this comes from my immense fascination with the science of the human mind; I want to further understand what triggers an individual to make the decisions they do? Is it a trigger? Or is it something they have been preprogrammed to do? Are the triggers a life event, or an emotional, physical or mental tragedy; are they environmental, a home situation or family history? I have confidence in my ability to provide excellent social skills; I’m an effective communicator at all different levels and walks of life and trust that I could communicate to all different ages, genders and personalities. On my life journey I have had some experiences working with people that presented with extreme challenging behaviors, mental health issues and physical and emotional disabilities. I have had extensive personal life experiences with supporting close individuals who have been impacted...
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...Encountering stressful life events is an unavoidable element of the human experience. Quite possibly, the extent to which these stressful events affect one’s mind and body are more severe than noticeable. Research has shown that such stressful events have the potential to adversely affect an individual’s physical and/or psychological state (Nezu , Blisset and Nezu, 1988; Porterfield, 1987; Cohen, Tyrell, & Smith, 1993). Studies have shown a relationship between stressful life events and both increased susceptibility to the common cold (Cohen, et al., 1993), and a depressed or anxious psychological state (Dohrenwend & Dohrenwend, 1981). With this in mind, it is important to investigate the ways in which an individual deals with stress; how one handles these events may determine the impact on one’s physical and/or psychological well being. For example, coping skills, problem-solving skills (Nezu, Nezu, Saraydarian, Kalmar & Ronan, 1986), and cognitive appraisals (Kuiper, Martin & Olinger, 1993) have been identified as psycho-social variables that moderate the negative impact of stress. Humor, as well, has been investigated for its potential to moderate the negative effects of stress, as well as directly influence negative affect. In addition to receiving attention from the research community, the benefit of humor in dealing with stress or difficult life circumstances has long been recognized by many. How often do we hear that “laughter is the best medicine,” and how frequently...
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...The Qualitative Report Volume 14 Number 1 March 2009 61-80 http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR14-1/blanchard.pdf Lived Experiences of Adult Children Who Have a Parent Diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease Amy Blanchard, Jennifer Hodgson, Angela Lamson, and David Dosser East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina Little is known about the experience among adult children who have a parent with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to explore, appreciate, and describe their experiences using a phenomenological methodology. Narratives were collected from seven participants who have a parent diagnosed with PD and analyzed according to Colaizzi’s (1978) phenomenological data analysis method. Seven thematic clusters were identified and an exhaustive description is presented to summarize the essence of their lived experience. The study indicates a strong sense of essential positivism from the participants’ stories, and overall, it seems PD has brought some degree of biological, psychological, socially, and/or spiritual meaning to their lives that they may not have otherwise noticed or experienced. Key Words: Parkinson’s Disease, Phenomenology, Biopsychosocial-spiritual, Adult, Children and Illness Introduction “The bond between mother and child is so deeply rooted in our emotions that we fear to discuss openly anything that threatens the bond” – Glenna Atwood (1991) Establishing links between chronic illnesses and family impact are not novel (e.g., Cooke, McNally...
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...Page 1 PSYCHOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE • What is ‘psychology’ and why is it so important in the context of health and social care? • What do we mean by ‘health’ and why is psychology central to the effective delivery of health and social care? • What are the main approaches to psychological thinking and research? • Who are psychologists and what do they contribute to the promotion of health and well-being? Introduction This chapter emphasizes the importance of psychology in the context of health and social care. For many years, psychology and the other social sciences were viewed by the medical profession as ‘soft sciences’, interesting but unimportant. With the advent of research into the links between physical and mental states in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries it is now possible to demonstrate that psychology can make a fundamental difference to physical as well as mental health. In this chapter, we explore the nature of psychology and its relevance to health and social care. We outline the different schools of thought and methods of inquiry in psychology. We seek to distinguish between psychology as an academic discipline and popular notions of psychology, and identify professionals whose practice is mainly concerned with the application of psychology. In order to show how psychology can be applied to health and social care, we introduce a family scenario whose characters appear in examples throughout the book. What is psychology...
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...arguments usually question or celebrate the transgressive potentials of the book (Giroux; Mendieta), or address issues of masculinity brought into the fore by their literary and cinematic representations emergent in the same decade (Tuss; Friday). However, few, if any, have addressed the literary aspirations of the text and its author. Although none of the approaches to the thematic concerns of Fight Club are unjustified, in the argument that follows I will suggest that conclusions drawn and critical judgments passed have been hasty, and not only failed to take into account the formal aspects of story-telling, but that the narrative features of Palahniuk’s text have largely went unexplored, and constitute a blind spot of the reception. Critics condemning or acclaiming the novel, and, indeed, many a cultic reader of Palahniuk ignored Fight Club as a literary narrative, and have inadvertently been repeating the catchphrases of the text, either reinforcing or trying to undermine what they have understood as their meaning. I see the significance of Palahniuk’s fiction and the literary event of Fight Club’s publication in somewhat different terms. Palahniuk’s emphasis and continued insistence on minimalism suggest that his fiction is properly understood as belonging to a literary tradition whose evaluation remains troubled and, for a large part, unsettled. Nevertheless,...
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...10 Qualitative Research Methods in Psychology Deborah Biggerstaff Warwick Medical School University of Warwick, Coventry UK 1. Introduction In the scientific community, and particularly in psychology and health, there has been an active and ongoing debate on the relative merits of adopting either quantitative or qualitative methods, especially when researching into human behaviour (Bowling, 2009; Oakley, 2000; Smith, 1995a, 1995b; Smith, 1998). In part, this debate formed a component of the development in the 1970s of our thinking about science. Andrew Pickering has described this movement as the “sociology of scientific knowledge” (SSK), where our scientific understanding, developing scientific ‘products’ and ‘know-how’, became identified as forming components in a wider engagement with society’s environmental and social context (Pickering, 1992, pp. 1). Since that time, the debate has continued so that today there is an increasing acceptance of the use of qualitative methods in the social sciences (Denzin & Lincoln, 2000; Morse, 1994; Punch, 2011; Robson, 2011) and health sciences (Bowling, 2009; Greenhalgh & Hurwitz, 1998; Murphy & Dingwall, 1998). The utility of qualitative methods has also been recognised in psychology. As Nollaig Frost (2011) observes, authors such as Carla Willig and Wendy Stainton Rogers consider qualitative psychology is much more accepted today and that it has moved from “the margins to the mainstream in psychology in the UK.” (Willig & Stainton...
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...Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy by Gerald Corey Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning Theory Students: The following is an outline form of powerpoints produced by Gerald Corey, the textbook author, designed to accompany the textbook. Please note that the author is Gerald Corey and this work is produced by Cengage Learning, a division of Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. This work is copyrighted and can be reproduced and used only with the permission of the textbook company. The Therapeutic Relationship • The therapeutic relationship is an important component of effective counseling • The therapist as a person is a key part of the effectiveness of therapeutic treatments • Research shows that both the therapy relationship and the therapy used contribute to treatment outcome Theories of Counseling • Gerald Corey’s Perspective of Theories of Counseling: • No single model can explain all the facets of human experience o Eleven approaches to counseling and psychotherapy are discussed • Your textbook book assumes: o Students can begin to acquire a counseling style tailored to their own personality ▪ The process will take years ▪ Different theories are not “right” or “wrong” ▪ The Effective Counselor from the perspective of Gerald Corey • The most important instrument you have is YOU ▪ Your...
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...‘All these personal counselling/therapy requirements for counsellors in training encourage selfish introspection. Counsellors are there to help others, and if they need counselling themselves, they should not be in the job.’ I am a counsellor in training on an integrative diploma course, which has a mandatory sixty hours of personal therapy that students must undertake. Here I will explore what other institutions expect their students to undertake, if any, and their reasons for this. I will also explore what could the intended or unintended consequences of these be, what the positives and negatives of being in therapy are and what my own opinion to this statement is. I will also look at my own experience of counselling and whether or not counselling will be impactful to everyone during the course. The British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP), our professional body, removed the mandatory aspect a few years ago stating that the psycho-dynamic approach believed that forty hours isn’t long enough personal therapy whilst in training, the person-centred approach believed that personal therapy should be undertaken when the person is ready. They state that their criteria for accredited courses are, ‘Courses should ensure that trainees gain experience of being in the client role.’ I have found that there is a huge debate on this, some theorists believe it should be included within the training (Atkinson,2006) and some argue that it should not be mandatory (Wiseman...
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...American Psychological Association, Inc. 0O22-O663/01/S5.OO DOI: 10.1037//0022-0663.93.1.55 Academic Self-Efficacy and First-Year College Student Performance and Adjustment Martin M. Chemers, Li-tze Hu, and Ben F. Garcia University of California, Santa Cruz A longitudinal study of lst-year university student adjustment examined the effects of academic self-efficacy and optimism on students' academic performance, stress, health, and commitment to remain in school. Predictor variables (high school grade-point average, academic self-efficacy, and optimism) and moderator variables (academic expectations and self-perceived coping ability) were measured at the end of the first academic quarter and were related to classroom performance, personal adjustment, stress, and health, measured at the end of the school year. Academic self-efficacy and optimism were strongly related to performance and adjustment, both directly on academic performance and indirectly through expectations and coping perceptions (challenge-threat evaluations) on classroom performance, stress, health, and overall satisfaction and commitment to remain in school. Observed relationships corresponded closely to the hypothesized model. Change can be unsettling. The transition from high school to college can place significant demands on young adults (Tinto, 1982,1993). College life can be demanding and stressful for a new student (Noel, Levitz, & Saluri, 1985) and requires higher levels of independence, initiative...
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...lamented, “A good theory is clear, comprehensive, explicit, parsimonious, and useful. We appear to have a paucity of good theories in psychology” (Stefflre & Matheny, 1968). Lent attempted to reduce this paucity by formulating his own theory: Wellness is intended to capture the notion of health as a dynamic state or process rather than a static endpoint; psychosocial wellness acknowledges the importance of both intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning. The multiple aspects of wellness would include a) self-perceived (domain and/or global) satisfaction (hedonic well-being), b) domain/role satisfactoriness, c) presence of prosocial versus antisocial behavior, and d) low levels of psychologistical distress or symptoms (e.g. anxiety, depression, disordered thinking). (Lent, 2004) This attempt at theory building is clear, comprehensive, explicit, and parsimonious. Its utility will be measured by the efficacy of the models of counselling that flow from the theory. A theory is more than a set of assumptions or guesses. It is a set of assumptions or guesses, hypotheses if...
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...Description Treatment Focus Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a system of therapy originally developed by Marsha M. Linehan, a psychology researcher at the University of Washington, to treat people with borderline personality disorder (BPD). DBT combines standard cognitive-behavioral techniques for emotion regulation and reality testing with concepts of distress tolerance, acceptance, and mindful awareness largely derived from Buddhist meditative practice. DBT may be the first therapy that has been experimentally demonstrated to be generally effective in treating BPD. A meta-analysis found that DBT reached moderate effects. Research indicates that DBT is also effective in treating patients who present varied symptoms and behaviors associated with spectrum mood disorders, including self-injury. Recent work suggests its effectiveness with sexual abuse survivors and chemical dependency. Linehan observed "burn-out" in therapists after coping with non-motivated patients who against cooperation in successful treatment. Her first core insight was to recognize that the chronically suicidal patients she studied had been raised in profoundly invalidating environments, and, therefore, required a climate of unconditional acceptance, in which to develop a successful therapeutic alliance. Her second insight involved the need for a commensurate commitment from patients, who needed to be willing to accept their dire level of emotional dysfunction. Treatment Strategies and/or Techniques ...
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...For Minority Girls” from the Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology journal and an APA website featured article by Greer titled “New Mentoring-Intensive Program Fosters Minority-Focused Research” will be the objects of an analysis into the nuances of writing in the discipline. The journal article has a relatively high impact factor for its subfield (5-year, 2.562) and the trade publication is from the leading and largest publisher in psychological science (APA). These two types of writing will be examined to support the noted purposes of psychology and to further provide reasoning for how psychology writing is...
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...Qualitative Nursing Research Critique Cherie L. Ben Melanie McKnight, Annie Williams NUR 515 Nursing Research August 15, 2015 Professor Susan Steele- Moses Qualitative Nursing Research Critique Qualitative nursing research, has been building momentum in the health care arena for some time now. Qualitative nursing research is valuable to knowledge related to evidenced based practice. For instance, human responses are studied and questions related to potential or actual health problems or diseases are answered. Concepts and Phenomenon are studied and the results are interpretive. Qualitative nursing research is valuable but because outcomes and data aren’t precisely measured, as in quantitative research, critiques are more frequent. “There is a growing body of research to support the view that health care providers are biased in their approach to caring for obese patients” (Creel, 2012). I am providing a qualitative nursing research critique on the article, “Stigmatization of Overweight Patients by Nurses”. Purpose and Problem Identification The focus and purpose of this qualitative nursing research study is to investigate and explore the phenomenon of the stigmatization of overweight patients by their nurses or the nursing staff. The purpose of this qualitative nursing research study is clearly stated in the abstract and under the purpose subheading within the article. The problems that lead to the production of this article was that the increasing number...
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