...imaging studies, 70–71 malignant catatonia, 333 malingering, 530–531 ‘manic depressive insanity’, 45 manic states, 250, 253 abnormal beliefs and perceptions, 254 amphetamines and, 266 course and outcome, 274 delusional, 16 in HIV patients, 345 in ICD-10, 42 in old age aetiology, 369 clinical features, 370 treatment, 370 in old age, 369–370 mixed state with depression, 255 sensations in, 6 stroke and, 344 stupor in, 31 manic states, 15–17 Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome, 206, 338 Marijuana Anonymous, 239 marital status, and suicide, 454 masculinity drunkenness and, 428 sense of, 395 Massachusetts Male Aging Study, 402 Massachusetts Women’s Health Study (MWHS), 442 masturbation, 396 McNaughton Rules, 558 McNaughton, Daniel, 558 m-CPP 435 , MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; ‘ecstasy’), 328 medial temporal lobe volume in Alzheimer’s disease, 359 MRI for detecting, 75 medical conditions anxiety disorders in, 170 depression treatment, 521 detection of psychiatric illness, 483 feigned illness, 530–531 mental disorders due to, 327 anxiety disorders, 333 cannabis and psychosis, 330 catatonia, 332 cognitive disorders, 334 delusions, 329 depression and Parkinson’s disease, 332 general principles, 327 hallucinations, 328 mood disorders, 330 personality disorder, 333 psychotic disorder, 328 stimulant psychosis, 329 mental disorders due to, 326–335 relationship to affective change, 270 suicide risk and, 455 medically unexplained...
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...Migraine Comorbidity and the Clinical Implications Approximately 10 million Americans suffer from chronic migraines. Migraine headaches are much greater in severity and length then 'normal' headaches. The last decade has begun shed light on the debilitating effect that this disability has on its victims. Migraine sufferers now have hundreds of medications to try and get their pain under control (Sammons, 2005). Fortunately, most of the preventative migraine medication is relatively cheap (e.g., beta-blockers, SSRIs). Unfortunately, however, an estimated 20% of chronic migraine individuals are on an effective treatment plan. Many people have learned to live with their disability and do not seek relief after a single unsuccessful attempt...
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...Causes of Depression: Cognitive Behavioral vs Biological Jeanell McIver Developing a Psychology Perspective Dr. Horton Capella University October, 2014 Abstract Based on studies and research, we all have been exposed and affected by depression, whether personally or by family and friends, no matter your age, gender, economical or religious status. There are several studies that debate whether the main cause of those dealing with depression stems from a Biological or Cognitive-behavioral aspect. I will endeavor to show with supporting evidence that many develop depression based on their cognitive disposition. Many people are facing depression based on the lack of or inability to deal with life’s issues and the negative events that have or are presently taking place in their lives, and faulty thinking which include components like, pessimism and low self- esteem. Causes of Depression: Cognitive versus Biological With there being so much research evidencing the causal factors of the ongoing, the onset and the reappearance of depression which affects all nationalities, economic statuses, both male and female and religious orders, this paper will show the correlation or link and differences between the Cognitive Behavioral and Biological aspects. Even though those who are predisposed to depression based on family history are likely to deal with depression, there are many who do not develop depression because of a strong and stabilized belief system and how...
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...Depression: Unipolar Vs. Bipolar Rebecca M. Azurmendi Psychology 270 July 14, 2013 Professor Moore Depression: Unipolar Vs. Bipolar Depression is sometimes not taken seriously or is misunderstood. Key emotions in mood disorders are depression and mania. Depression is an overwhelming feeling from the challenges of life and a low, sad state in which life seems dark. Mania is an exaggerated belief that the world is for the person’s taking. Unipolar depression is a form of depression that does not have a history of mania. Bipolar disorder is marked by the mixture of periods of mania and depression (Comer, pg. 194). Unipolar depression is often mistaken for clinical depression. Severe unipolar depression is twice as severe in women as it is in men. Between young boys and girls unipolar depression is similar (Comer, pg. 194). We have all experienced a form of depression at some point in our lives. The signs and symptoms are all different depending on the individual. Some symptoms can be less severe than the others. Symptoms of unipolar depression feed off emotionally, motivationally, behaviorally, cognitively, and physical categories of symptoms. Emotionally individuals feel sad, miserable, and unwanted. The lose most if not all pleasure in most things. Their sense of humor tends to fade away and many of them experience anxiety, anger, and agitation. Some individuals feel humiliated and dejected (Comer, pg. 195). The motivation symptoms of depression usually lead to...
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...Depression Unipolar and Bipolar Disorders By Laura 04/24/2011 Unipolar and bipolar are as different as their clinical names, uni, meaning one and bi, meaning two. Unipolar is considered a clinical depression that does not go away after a period of just feeling unhappy, or experiencing a sad event. This type of depression can be life altering if untreated, rendering the person that is suffering from it unable to cope with the activities of daily living. Unipolar differs from bipolar as it does not have any history of mania involved. People with unipolar basically suffer depression from mild to severe in nature. On the other hand, people that have bipolar disorder that ignites the feeling of euphoria, the person may have grandiose ideas, believing that idea will be the next billion dollar deal, and nothing can sway that exaggerated thought. People who suffer from bipolar can spend days at a time without sleeping as their mind races with one exaggerated thought after another. This can last for days, weeks, even months, followed by the crash of depression. This can be just as severe and last as long as the manic. There are several symptoms that can occur in unipolar disorder such as fatigue, feeling hopeless, worthless, and having no desire to do anything. In more severe cases even thoughts of suicide can arise. There are different theories to the underlying causes of unipolar disorder, some say it is biologically, environmentally, or psychologically induced...
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...The Effects of Healing Touch on Patient’s Health Tiffany Y. Gerard California State University, San Marcos Abstract This paper explores the findings from four peer reviewed articles about the effects of Healing Touch (HT)/Therapeutic Touch(TT) has on patients. The studies represented in the articles vary in their study designs; however they all aim to ask the same two questions. 1) Does Therapeutic touch play a role in the healing process and health outcomes in selected patients; and 2) Secondly, Is there a need for TT to be utilized in further treatment modalities? This paper examines two different oncology patient studies, one osteoarthritis pain study and one study focusing on patients who are being treated in a psychiatric facility. The Effects of Healing Touch on Patient’s Health “Healing Touch (HT) is a complimentary non invasive biofield therapy, which has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pain, distress and fatigue. HT purportedly supports the body’s natural healing process and enhances the function of the immune system (Wong, Ghiasuddin, Kimata, Patelesio, & Siu, 2012, pg.1).” The goal of Therapeutic/Healing Touch is to restore harmony and balance to individuals energy systems, which provides the opportunity to self-heal (Wong et al., 2012, pg.27).This paper explores research conducted on the effects of Healing Touch on patients with cancer, pain as and well as other effects on their mental...
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...long history of research analysis proves the efficacy of antidepressants, but there are those who will falsely interpret clinical trials, or pool together selected studies to justify their claims. Scientists will agree that there are many flaws with antidepressant research, but with ever increasing new ways to re-test old research, the evidence of positive improvements are becoming harder to deny. This report shows that even though scientists are trying to disprove the effectiveness of antidepressants, the evidence of the scientific facts prove that antidepressants work for depression. Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables iv Glossary of Terms v General Information vii Thesis Statement vii Report Audience vii Author’s Purpose vii Argumentative Requirements Fulfillment Statement vii Introduction 1 Americans and Depression 2 Background of Depression and Antidepressants 4 Depression 4 Antidepressants 5 Depression Scale 5 Clinical Trials 6 Claims..................... 6 The Truth ......................................................................................................................................6 Prescribing methods 8 Placebo Effect 8 Efficacy of Antidepressants 9 Antidepressants and Levels of Depression 9 New Research 10 Pharmaceutical Companies 10 References 13 List of Figures and Tables Table 1. Depression Statistics…………………………………………………………………....3 Table 2. FDA Drug Review Steps Simplified…………………………………………………...11 Glossary...
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...for individuals who suffer from unipolar or bipolar disorders? There are many different types of diseases that a person can have that could cause depression, but the main two tend to be Unipolar and bipolar. Unipolar is a condition that is caused when a person just has depression, while bipolar is when a person has highs such as mania and lows such as depression. When you hear people talk about being diagnosed with or treated for depression, they are often referring to unipolar depression. There are important differences between unipolar depression and bipolar depression – differences in how the illness makes people feel and behave, and differences in how they are supported through treatment. In addition to going through low moods or depression, individuals with bipolar disorder also have high moods known as mania during which they may experience increased energy, feelings of euphoria, insomnia (inability to sleep) or impulsive behaviors like shopping sprees or promiscuous sex. Someone with unipolar depression doesn’t go through the “highs” of bipolar depression. Below is a closer look at the symptoms of both depression and mania. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it’s important to visit your counseling center or a mental health professional to get the right diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms of Depression: • Extreme sadness or depressed mood • Lack of interest in activities that were once pleasurable • Apathy and low energy levels • Difficulty focusing...
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...Self-Consciousness, Gender vs. Depression Samantha Sanchez Boston University Course unit name July 22nd2015 Author Note This paper was prepared for course unit, taught by Instructor name Self-Consciousness, Gender vs. Depression Current research provides a wide overview of both founding and the present appreciation of the dispositional construct of self-consciousness. Several studies have established the significance of gender and its psychological implications such as mortality concerns and self-consciousness as important factors in determining depression levels in human beings. Understanding the impact of these psychological implications on the emotional vulnerabilities especially in the adolescents has been a major subject of interest in most research work on self-consciousness. This paper presents an analytical study of the influence of psychosocial variables. For instance, age, self-esteem, self-attention, self- consciousness, and the extent to which an individual identifies with the societal stereotype of masculinity. In conducting the research several hypothesis were outlined, females in our sample will score higher on all parts of the self-consciousness questionnaire than males. Individuals with higher self-consciousness will show a preference for Invisibility over Flight when given their first chance to indicate their Superpower choice. Finally it is hypothesised that all participants will shift their...
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...POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Donna E. Stewart, MD, FRCPC E. Robertson, M.Phil, PhD Cindy-Lee Dennis, RN, PhD Sherry L. Grace, MA, PhD Tamara Wallington, MA, MD, FRCPC ©University Health Network Women’s Health Program 2003 Prepared for: Toronto Public Health October 2003 Women’s Health Program Financial assistance by Health Canada Toronto Public Health Advisory Committee: Jan Fordham, Manager, Planning & Policy – Family Health Juanita Hogg-Devine, Family Health Manager Tobie Mathew, Health Promotion Consultant – Early Child Development Project Karen Wade, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Planning & Policy – Family Health Mary Lou Walker, Family Health Manager Karen Whitworth, Mental Health Manager Copyright: Copyright of this document is owned by University Health Network Women’s Health Program. The document has been reproduced for purposes of disseminating information to health and social service providers, as well as for teaching purposes. Citation: The following citation should be used when referring to the entire document. Specific chapter citations are noted at the beginning of each chapter. Stewart, D.E., Robertson, E., Dennis, C-L., Grace, S.L., & Wallington, T. (2003). Postpartum depression: Literature review of risk factors and interventions. POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 OVERALL METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 5 CHAPTER 1: RISK FACTORS FOR...
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...The following project topic is completed on st john’s wort the herb. In this text I will explore and discuss what makes st john’s wort a very appealing and effective drug in today’s market based on the following topics. Description, background, active ingredients, routes of administration, pharm kinetics, pharm dynamics, clinical trials, and toxicity. | St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Description St. John's wort is an herb with a five-petaled yellow flower that grows native in most of Europe West Asia, North Africa, Madeira and the Azores, (Christopher Hobbs 1998) it is considered an invasive species in North America and Australia. A herbaceous perennial commonly found wild up to a height of 1 to 3 feet in, woods, hedges, roadsides. Leaves are a pale green; oblong in shape with slightly translucent dots hence oil glands which can be seen on holding leaf up to a light. It has bright yellow flowers 5 petals; ovary pear-shaped with three long styles. It can be seen in Bloom from June to August in which many small round black seeds can be seen. Odour is turpentine taste is bitter, astringent and balsamic. (A modern herbal mrs.M.Grieve) Background Hypericum perforatum or commonly named as St john’s wort got it common name from early Christians named after John the Baptist due to the blooming of its brightly coloured flowers before and on the 24th of June the day celebrated as his birthday. Whilst the botanical name hypericum perforatum comes from the Greek...
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...Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) are rooted in Buddhist traditions but it is delivered independently from the religious and cultural origins in mental health practices (Sipe & Eisendrath, 2012; Baer 2003). MBCT was created by cognitive therapists John Teasdale, Mark Williams and Zindel Segal as a form of therapy that combines aspects of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy(CBT) and Jon Kabat-Zinn’s Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programme (Williams, Russel, & Russel, 2008; Shapiro & Carlson, 2009). The programme was originally developed to target the cognitive vulnerability in patients with depressive relapse to help them break habitual dysfunctional cognitive patterns, to reduce the recurrence or relapse of depression (Van der Velden, et al. 2015; Williams, et al. 2008). The combination of cognitive and mindfulness based therapy provides a long term form of preventing relapse (Shapiro and Carlson, 2009). Usual CBT concentrates on teaching patient’s how to cognitively approach and understand the aetiology of mood disorder and then apply certain skills to change dysfunctional and automatic thoughts (Beck, as cited in Manicavasgar, Parker, & Perich, 2011). The mindfulness component of the MBCT programme focuses on teaching patients to become aware of their bodily sensations, thoughts and feelings in a non-judgemental way. This awareness allows patients to face difficulties and discomfort from a perspective where they recognise that it is just...
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...Name: CJ….. Class: Applied Statistics for Health Care Professionals…..Date: April 20 2014 1 Questions to be graded Exercise 11 1. What demographic variables were measured at least at the interval level of measurement? The Demographic Variable measured at the least level of measurement in this study was the participants’ age, income, length of labor, and hours of work per week. According to this week reading the interval level of measurement are from lowest to highest and have numerical order that are ranked. The differences are noted to be equal between the two return to work/number of hours working per week (8). And the annual income/length of labor (30). (Grove, S.). 2. What statistics were used to describe the length of labor in this study? Were these appropriate? The Statistics that were used to describe the length of labor in this study was Mean and Standard Deviation. This is appropriate to use with the interval/ration data collection. Most of the time Mean Median and Mode are use and seems to make the most since when grouping and defining the different values. Standard Deviation provides us the valid output and tells us how distant and dispersed out data is. (Lane,M). 3. What other statistic could have been used to describe the length of labor? Provide a rationale for your answer. Another measurement that could have been used is range to measure the length of labor from lowest to highest value. “Range also gives us the measurement of the spread...
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... UK Aging & Mental Health Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/camh20 Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial Barbara Preschl , Andreas Maercker , Birgit Wagner , Simon Forstmeier , Rosa M. Baños a c d a a b a , Mariano Alcañiz , Diana Castilla & Cristina Botella e f d f Department of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland b Clinic for Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig , Germany c Departamento Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos , Universidad de Valencia , Valencia , Spain d e f CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Carlos III , Spain LabHuman , Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , Valencia , Spain Departamento de Psicología Básica , Clinica y Psicobiología, Universitat Jaume I , Castellón , Spain Published online: 13 Jul 2012. To cite this article: Barbara Preschl , Andreas Maercker , Birgit Wagner , Simon Forstmeier , Rosa M. Baños , Mariano Alcañiz , Diana Castilla & Cristina Botella (2012) Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial, Aging & Mental Health, 16:8, 964-974, DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2012.702726 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.702726 PLEASE SCROLL...
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...BIOL 2010 Anatomy and Physiology I Chapter 11: Nervous Tissues and The Nervous System Outline of Notes VAP I. Introduction and Overview (Mod 11.1) A. Function of the Nervous System: Control/Regulation; 3 parts: 1. Sensory Input (afferent): from receptors 2. Information Processing (integration): Decision making 3. Motor Output (efferent): to effectors: muscles/organs/glands B. Organization/Divisions of the Nervous System 1. Central Nervous System (CNS) -Brain -Spinal Cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Nerves a. Sensory (afferent) -somatic (general) -special senses -visceral b. Motor (efferent) -Somatic/Voluntary nervous system -Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) (1) Sympathetic Division (2) Parasympathetic Division II. Histology of Nervous Tissues A. Neurons (Mod 11.2) 1. Special Characteristics: -Excitable - large, complex cells with elongate extensions -extreme longevity, amitotic, high metabolism 2. Structures: 3 major parts: cell body, dendrites, axon -Cell Body (soma) -Nissl bodies (rough ER) stain easily….gray matter -neurofibrils for support -found in CNS in Nuclei, in PNS in Ganglia -Neuronal Processes -Dendrites (incoming signal) -single or multiple -short and branched -Axon (outgoing signal) only one -conducting component of neuron -also called nerve fibers (part of nerves/tracts) -rarely branches (collaterals and telodendria) -axonal terminals end in synapses -Synapses: where...
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