...several countries. A country in a continent is a determinate territory where people live and share same language, traditions, customs, and others such as religion. There are countries that are more developed than others economic, social and politically. These factors give advantages and disadvantages to the population and government of the different countries as well as the different problems that a nation could suffer according to how powerful each one could be. I. Definition developed and developing countries. a. Traditions. b. Customs. c. Others such as religion. II. Comparison of developed and developing countries. a. Economic factor. b. Social factor. c. Political factor. III. Contrast of developed and developing countries on types of problems. a. Government. b. Environment. c. Technology. Conclusion: The countries all over the world have their power and weakness, according to the type of government, their history, economic and environmental problems; technology and religious creed. Nevertheless the situation would be; the future is in every decision of the population and how to face the different obstacles and the positive attitude about them. It is only with the support of the citizens that makes a nation to grow and develop in all the fundamental areas: social, political and economically. Essay about developed and developing countries The world is divided in five continents. Each one is composed by countries. According...
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...Human Resource Management Project Report on Expectations of Foreign Investors in terms of Labor Laws India, like other countries worldwide, is experiencing the effects of globalization. In order to make conditions friendlier for investors, there is a need for adaptability. Labor legislation, such as the Indian Disputes Act and Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, are now under debate, along with issues concerning special economic zones. Submitted by: Introduction There has been a steady expansion of foreign investment in recent decades. The upward trend is particularly strong for less developed countries, signifying the increased importance for these countries of FDI, as well as the increased presence of multinational firms. Alongside the expansion of FDI have risen concerns regarding competition between countries or regions to attract FDI. After adopting new economic policy by government of India in July 1991 many foreign investors came in the Indian economic scene because the government of India gave many incentives to the foreign investors. So it is clear that government opened the doors of Indian market to foreign investors. With more companies operating internationally, the impact on various business functions and labour laws in India is becoming more pronounced. Globalization...
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...What are the Characteristics of globalization? Arvind Kumar The main features of globalization are stated below. 1. Liberalisation: The freedom of the industrialist/businessman to establish industry, trade or commerce either in his country or abroad; free exchange of capital, goods, service and technologies between countries; 2. Free Trade: Free trade between countries; absence of excessive governmental control over trade; 3. Globalization of Economic Activities: Control of economic activities by domestic market and international market; coordination of national economy and world economy; 4. Connectivity: Localities being connected with the world by breaking national boundaries; forging of links between one society and another, and between one country and another through international transmission of knowledge, literature, technology, culture and information. 5. Borderless Globe: Breaking of national barriers and creation of inter- connectedness; the ideal of 'borderless globe' articulated by Kenichi Ohmae. 6. A Composite Process: Integration of nation-states across the world by common economic, commercial, political, cultural and technological ties; creation of a new world order with no national boundaries; 7. A Multi-dimensional Process: Economically, it means opening up of national market, free trade and commerce among nations, and integration of national economies with the world economy. Politically, it means limited powers and functions of state, more...
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...The debate surrounding the implementation of the human right to health is new and full of possibility for the developing world. In fact, Indian has been able to create a legal mechanism whereby right to health can be protect and enforced. The early of 1970s, witnessed a watershed in human rights litigation with the Keshwanand bharti Vs State of Kerala ushering in an unprecedented period of progressive jurisprudence following the recognition fundamental rights. At the same time standing rules were relaxed order to uphold PIL and access to justice. So there were two developments in 1980s, which led to a marked increase in health related litigation. First was the establishment of consumer courts that made it cheaper and speedier to sue doctors for medical negligence. Second, the growth of PIL and one of this offshoots being recognition of health care as a fundamental right. Through PIL the Supreme Court has allowed individual citizen to approach the court directly...
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...show whether my personal understanding about culture has been changed or improved. Summary of the ideas and argument of both McSweeney and Hofstede * McSweeney’s argument McSweeney expresses his doubts about Hoftstede’s model of national cultural differences and their consequences. The criticism that McSweeney has on the theory of Hoftstede’s cultural dimensions based on the description of national cultural differences in the Culture’s Consequences published in 1980 (McSweeney, 2002). First of all, the methodology applied in the research of Hoftstede’s model is critised by McSweeney. McSweeney points out that IBM in 66 countries extracted the primary data that Hoftstede uses from a pre-existing bank of employee attitude survey, which was undertaken, between 1967 and 1973. It is understandable that even though some of the questions developed in the survey are pertinent to the purpose of Hoftstede’s research on people’s understanding on their culture and...
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...ability to differentiate products and attract more consumers. The main conclusion drawn from this paper is that the monopolistic competition is the most common model in the United States and the technology and innovation advances have allowed organizations to reach these types of markets and maximize profits. Venezuela vs. United States Economy Have you ever though why some countries are richer than others? Or what there is inequality among countries? All those answers are related to the economy of a country and their macroeconomic indicators. Today, macroeconomic is a crucial concept that we can see every day in the news; employment, inflation, and growth are some of those economy indicators. (1) But it is not so easy to say why a country is richer than other; or why the economy of a country with one of the highest reserve of oils does not have a good economic performance as other countries have. It does not depend on one only thing, there are several factors that increase the gap between two countries in terms of economic development and growth. This paper develops a comparative case study to illustrate the performance economy of two countries, and the level of income disparity...
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...Laboratory. Nicholas Negroponte created and developed a stir --“$100 Laptop”—in the personal computer industry. OLPC aims “to provide each child with a rugged, low-cost, low-power, connected laptop” (www.one.laptop.org) Nicholas Negroponte has a vision to launch the education movement that would help alleviate poverty by connecting children in developing countries to the rest of the world. Therefore, he described OLPC “is an education project, not a laptop project” (Quelch, 2008). Problems facing by OLPC OLPC offers a laptop which is low power requirement, preventing water or sand or dirt damage, open source software, unique interface, and possibility for solar power and hand-crank powering lost cost (Quelch, 2008). These terms for an innovative, unique laptop seem bound for success (Davison, 2008). The $100 laptop should be experiencing growth in developing countries. However, some developing countries are reluctant to develop OLPC laptop, and some have cancelled planned purchases (Kraemer, Dedrick & Sharma, 2009). Meanwhile, the OLPC organization (www. olpc.com) struggles with key staff defections, budget cuts, mission disillusionment, high cost of OLPC laptop, difficult to sell to developing countries and unexpected aggressive competitors’ threats. These obstacles faced by OLPC indicate OLPC might not provide a new tool for children in developing countries and cannot profitably reach millions of poor children in developing countries. Here, we have to ask some questions: Is...
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...critical for any community, but it doesn’t necessarily lead to development. Though usually there is no development without growth. One way to develop without growing is through two main economic development strategies, which are import substitution strategy and export promotion strategy. These two strategies were used by many countries to develop their economy. The choice between these two competing strategies is often difficult and subject of discussion of policy makers. And this choice often can be crucial. Import substitution strategy promotes domestic industry by substituting externally produced goods and services. Generally, countries applying import substitution strategies start with producing goods that don’t need an advanced technology. These goods usually are basic necessities such as food, water and energy. This strategy encourages development within a nation in order to save on foreign exchange, provide jobs and reduce dependency from already developed countries. The idea is to learn from developed countries. It’s not for catching up with the rich, although there were some catching up, but it is another story. It’s for creating a developed economy which can face economic shocks and respond to them. Import...
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...element within the business setting, and leader are just important also. Leader and manage work hand-in-hand although the two are not the same, but they are necessarily link. Separating the two will cause more issue then it will solve the manage job is to coordinate, plan, and organize the leader motivate and inspire the leader introduce new method to the team manager manage the team. The leader is capable of creating manager is an imitation. The leader makes the picture visible the manager supports by providing the leader with what is needed to perform. In each organization the leader goal is to motivate his/her follower to be on the same level. Management directs the team to value what have been already established. Management vs. Leadership in a Healthy Organization Culture Management and Leader may sometimes face conflict along the way this will cause an overlap in working together as a team, but there are ways to overcome these...
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...the pressure for convergence or integration may in fact create an equal, if not stronger pressure for divergence or fragmentation. o E.g. protests against learning English as second language in Switzerland, different neighborhoods in NYC (Chinatown, Little Italy etc.). o Executives across Europe are reading many of the same publications, but still more often they read national magazines and newspapers. Management is management • Management is management, consisting of a set of principles and techniques that can be universally applied. • However, different practices (such as management) are shaped by its cultural origins, and so is management. • Also, different notions of organizations (relationships vs. tasks) and different HRM practices based on motivations of employees (intrinsic vs. extrinsic). • Good management is culturally sensitive management: best fit between people’s motivation and tasks. • Sensitivity towards invasion of foreign companies and their business ideologies and practices. 2. Despite technological & economic forces for integration/convergence, there are equal or greater forces for fragmentation, one of them being culture. Culture as a source of competitive advantage/disadvantage • Culture can provide source of competitive advantage (Michael Porter): availability of resources, size and sophistication of the market, nature of government intervention and type of strategic linkages/networks. Culture & institutional...
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...for abortion, while the majority of the members of the Republican Party are pro life, meaning they are against abortions. In the United States, abortions are legal, but everyday there are people working to stop them. Abortions are still illegal in many developing countries and women die from unsafe abortions every day. There are many valid arguments on both sides of the debate, such as the fetus being a human vs. women-having control over their own bodies. Scientific research has been conducted for both sides of the argument, and both sides will say that the research...
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...Globalization process Process by which global transnational structures, organizations and societies overtake the national structures, organizations and societies Globalism: ideology World market vs national politics and market Ideology belief in superiority of global structures Globality: consequences of globalization: open societies, destruction of closed societies, awareness of other nations, cultures, and values. Underlying forcesfor globality Increase expansion of international trade Rapid expansion of information technology Expansion of global communication and entertaintment Expansion of multinational, trans-national corporations and industries. Expansion of world organization and world politics. Issues of world poverty. Universal demand for human right and democracy. Environmental issues crossing national boundaries. Cultural conflicts. What was local is now global Economic crisis, financial fluctuations, disasters, inventions, politic events, entertainment, sports. Level of globalization impacts National states, organizations, individuals, facilitated by IT What is information technology is? Blurring of boundaries in IT Computer and phone. Computer and digital media Combination of hardware and software. The roles of IT Reduce costs, sources of innovation, improving quality of life, improving services, increasing access to services, increasing access to markets. Effects of IT Usage Individual usage – cohesive society, business...
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...Globalization and Economic Interdependence: 1. What does globalization mean? Globalization is the acceleration and extension of the interdependence of economic and business activities across national boundaries, in other words a development on one side of the globe will have consequences on another. As a consumer, it means more choices, generally lower prices, and increasingly blurred national identity for products and services. How do the statistics of world trade and direct investment show the trend of globalization? Globalization allows for countries to expand outside of their own country for resources. With this being done, more and more countries are able to interact in world trade and direct investment, which correlate to the trend of globalization increasing. 2. What are the main drivers of globalization? Accelerated technological change, liberation of trade and investment and investment in many countries, and entrepreneurship and competition among firms (location economies, economies of scale, and economies of scope). How do location economies, economies of scale and economies of scope motivate firms to expand their operations overseas? Location economies refer to the cost efficiencies that a firm can achieve by locating some of its activities overseas. Such cost efficiencies can result from lower labor or raw material costs, superior labor skills, or elimination of transport or tariff costs. Economies of scale refer to the reduction of average production costs due...
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...operations in more than a country. An MNE is often called multinational corporation (MNC) or transnational company (TNC). MNC as beauty - Potential contribution to economic growth and national welfare. - Important agent of change. - Increases competitive pressures on domestic firms. - Demonstrates and diffuses new technology. - Upgrades the quality of indigenous resources and capabilities. - Governments (in general) praise FDI. MNC as beast - Negative impact on the environment, labor and human rights. - MNCs’ and national state goals are not always compatible - MNCs out-compete local firms. MNCs have immense political power. 51 of the 100 biggest economies in the world are now MNCs. Business is in the driver’s seat, corporations determine the rules of the game and governments have become referees, only enforcing rules. Are MNCs really agents of technological change? Some scholars question the efficiency of MNCs, suggesting that they have become too large and bureaucratic to compete against more nimble and innovative smaller firms that are rapidly gaining advantage in highly competitive global markets. What is the three primary states of mind / attitudes toward the MBC? Ethnocentric (home-country oriented) - Home nationals are the best person to do the job - What works at home must work in the host country Costs: Fewer Innovations, lack of flexibility and responsiveness Benefits: Simple Organization, greater communication and control Polycentric (host-country oriented) - Foreigners...
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...Abbreviations IV 1 Overview of Hedge Funds Strategies 1 2 What are Emerging Markets and why are they so important? 2 3 Why do Hedge Funds invest in Emerging Markets 6 4 DWS Invest Global EM Equities LC 8 4.1 Inside the DWS Invest Global EM Equities LC fund 8 4.2 Performance of the fund 10 5 Hedge Funds Performance in EM scientific paper review 11 6 Hedge Funds Strategies in EM and Africa 12 6.1 Investment strategies in more developed EM. 16 6.2 Hedge Fund Strategies within Africa and Sub Saharan Africa 19 7 Risk exposures in emerging markets 23 8 Conclusion 25 References 26 Tables Table 1: Hedge Fund Strategies 1 Figures Figure 1: Emerging Markets vs. Developed Markets 2 Figure 2: Emerging Markets vs. Developed Markets GDP growth in percentage 3 Figure 3: Development of the working-age population 3 Figure 4: EM vs. US: Consumption levels 4 Figure 5: EM dept. has exceeded EM 5 Figure 6: MSCI World vs. MSCI Emerging Markets 6 Figure 7: CS Hedge Fund Index vs CS EM Hedge Fund Index 7 Figure 8: Country distribution 8 Figure 9: Industry Sectors 9 Figure 10: Equity Share Distribution 9 Figure 11: Perfomanc of the fund 10 Figure 12: EM performance 13 Figure 13: Performance of EM 14 Figure 14: Hedge Fund Strategies in Africa 17 Figure 15: Hedge Fund Strategies in Asian-pacific region 17 Figure 16: Brazil Asset Class Performance 19 Figure 17: Russia and Eastern Europe Focused Hedge Funds 19 Figure 18: African Market Sources...
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