...Historical Development of Nursing Science Tracy Thompson University of Phoenix Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR/513 Mary Nicks December 07, 2012 Historical Development of Nursing Science The historical development of nursing may be traced back to Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale is known as the first nurse theorist, (George, 2011). Nightingale’s theory focused “on the manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient,” (George, 2011, p. 9). Nightingale’s theory or philosophy differentiated nurses from household servants, started the difference between nursing and medicine, and created the concern that nurses be involved with the health and wellness of the patient, (Alligood, 2010). Nightingale was also one of the first theorists to treat the patient as a whole being, (Alligood, 2010). “Nightingale believed nursing to be a spiritual calling,” (Alligood, 2010, p. 99). Many years of trials and tribulations have been encountered in nursing before it became a profession. There are many theories and theorists that have led to nursing to the profession it is today. Following is a timeline of some of the more important theorists’ and their theories and philosophies. 1952 Hildegard Peplau – “Interpersonal Relations in Nursing,” ("Theory of Interpersonal Relationships...
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...Philosophy and Psychology What Has Driven Nursing Theory Discussing the future of nursing theory can bring up a wide outlook of the direction of nursing. Everyone has different views and interests concerning nursing’s future. In this discussion, we will cover some of the opinions of what has driven nursing theory development, what will drive future development in nursing theory, and how might nursing practice change as a result of evolving nursing theory. According to "Nursing Theory" (2011), “The nursing profession has evolved greatly over time, moving from dependence upon total medical direction providing basic care into an independent practice modality with its own nursing theory practice, nursing models, and distinct nursing interventions” (Nursing Theory).The requirements of nursing education have grown greatly. Nurses used to only take care of basic ADL’s of patients. Today, many nurses have more knowledge than the physicians working with these nurses. It is only logical that nurses have their own set of theories and models that guide their nursing practice. Nursing theories increase the general knowledge within nursing through research implementation. Theories provide the basis for nursing practice, helps to generate future knowledge, and indicates in which direction nursing should develop. Nursing theories are an attempt by the nursing profession to continue within the professional boundaries of nursing (Nursing Theory, 2011). Nursing theory has also been driven by the advanced...
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...Running head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theorists will be depicted. In addition, the relationship between nursing science and the profession will be described. Moreover, the influences on nursing science of other disciplines will be mentioned. Because nursing has a plethora of history and events, a few momentous historical events will be referenced. Theorists, Theories and History Theory as defined in Taber’s (2013), is a statement that best explains all the available evidence on a given topic. In 1859, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing that concentrates on the manipulation of the environment for the interest of the patient is recognized as the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Although more defined, so many of her notes are used in nursing practice today. “Every nurse ought to be careful to wash her hands very frequently during the day” p.20 (Nightingale, 1860 & Lim, 2010). Today, the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have strict guidelines for hand washing in nursing practice. In addition, Nightingale’s...
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...Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy NU 500 UNIT 1 June 6, 2012 Jeanne Greer, RN Saint Joseph's University Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy Nursing has made phenomenal achievement in the last century that has led to the recognition of nursing as an academic discipline and a profession. According to Fawcett (1980), a move towards theory-based practice has made nursing meaningful (p. 10). When talking about nursing theory development, it is important to identify the stages that nursing theory development has gone through to define and guide nursing practice. It is widely believed that the use of theory offers structure and organization to nursing knowledge. George (2002) defined theory as “a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purpose, systematic view of phenomena by describing, explaining, predicting, and/or prescribing”(p. 3). Theory development seeks to help the nurse understand the practice in a more complete and insightful way and provides a method of identifying and expressing key ideas about the essence of practice. Theory development is a complex, time consuming process that covers a number of stages or phases from inception of concepts to testing of theoretical propositions through research (Taylor & Renpenny 2011) Kidd and Morrison (1988) described five stages of nursing theory development (McEwen &Wills...
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...Future of Nursing Theory Discussion NUR 403 October 26, 2014 Introduction The discussion of the future of nursing theory addresses many different directions of nursing. We as nurses have different views, interests, and concerns about the future of nursing. In this paper, we will discuss the following; what has driven nursing theory development, what will drive future development in nursing theory, and how might nursing practice change as a result of evolving nursing theory? What Has Driven Nursing Theory Development? Nursing theories provide a framework for nursing care. The development of nursing theories is the fundamental step in building nursing knowledge, providing care, and nursing research. According to Jennings (1987) "Theory development is at the crux of nursing's evolution into a scientific discipline. It gives definition to nursing's body of knowledge, and direction to research and practice and it gives science direction and continuity" (p. 63). Florence Nightingale believed in promoting health and preventing illness. "Nightingale provides the profession with the expectation that nursing will be practiced by educated individuals using current research and methods (science) as well as compassion and common logic (art)" (Selanders, 2010, p. 83). What Will Drive Future Development in Nursing Theory? Nursing is a profession where change happens continuously, requiring us to keep current with medical advances, and find ways to improve patient care. Nursing theory...
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...Discussing the future of nursing theory can bring up a wide outlook of the direction of nursing. Everyone has different views and interests concerning nursing’s future. In this discussion, we will cover some of the opinions of what has driven nursing theory development, what will drive future development in nursing theory, and how might nursing practice change as a result of evolving nursing theory. According to "Nursing Theory" (2011), “The nursing profession has evolved greatly over time, moving from dependence upon total medical direction providing basic care into an independent practice modality with its own nursing theory practice, nursing models, and distinct nursing interventions” (Nursing Theory).The requirements of nursing education have grown greatly. Nurses used to only take care of basic ADL’s of patients. Today, many nurses have more knowledge than the physicians working with these nurses. It is only logical that nurses have their own set of theories and models that guide their nursing practice. Nursing theories increase the general knowledge within nursing through research implementation. Theories provide the basis for nursing practice, helps to generate future knowledge, and indicates in which direction nursing should develop. Nursing theories are an attempt by the nursing profession to continue within the professional boundaries of nursing (Nursing Theory, 2011). Nursing theory has also been driven by the advanced educations available to nurses. Advanced education...
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...A nursing theory is a structured framework of concepts and purposes intended to guide the nursing practice. Nursing theories are important in nursing practice as they allow the nurses to use their critical thinking and analytical skills to improve concept comprehension. The use of nursing theories in the practice can bring new knowledge and can influence the future nursing practice. Nursing theories developed to describe the nursing care, guide the nursing practice and provide a foundation for clinical decision making. The foundation of the nursing theory was placed by Florence Nightingale. The first nursing theory established in the late 1800s when there was a strong emphasis on the nursing education took place. There are several nursing...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Christopher Vinson NUR/513 January 1, 2015 Historical Development of Nursing The historical development of nursing today is based upon the lives of many, their contributions, sacrifices and experiences. These things brought about renovations in patient care. Different ways of thinking led to research, theories and evidenced based practice. The importance of studying nursing history has led to overall progression of nursing as a profession. In order to fully study the historical development of nursing we need to study all aspects of nursing science throughout time, explain the relationships between nursing science and our profession, as well as influences of other disciplines on the development of nursing. Time Line Specific Years, Theories, Theorists, and Nursing Historical Events Prior to the 17th century. Prior to the 17th century to the 19th century, nursing care included basic hygiene, and primarily comfort needs. These were carried out by Nuns, and other religious groups (Craven & Hirnle, 2003). Nursing could possibly be the oldest profession. It started with wet nurses, who delivered babies, cared for them and their mothers (Weatherford, 2014). 19th century. Florence Nightingale developed the Environmental Theory. During the Crimean War she noticed more soldiers died of disease then of battlefield injuries. Through research she believed that dirt, and lack of cleanliness led to diseases. She instituted...
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...Running head: HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 1 Historical Development of Nursing Valerie Spalding Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR 513 May 31, 2014 Dr. Noura Kassis HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING 2 Historical Development of Nursing The development of nursing has made giant leaps throughout the last century. Starting with Florence Nightingale, the history of nursing will be discussed. A few significant events, theories and theorists will be depicted. In addition, the relationship between nursing science and the profession will be described. Moreover, the influences on nursing science of other disciplines will be mentioned. Because nursing has a plethora of history and events, a few momentous historical events will be referenced. Theorists, Theories and History Theory as defined in Taber’s (2013), is a statement that best explains all the available evidence on a given topic. In 1859, Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing that concentrates on the manipulation of the environment for the interest of the patient is recognized as the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Although more defined, so many of her notes are used in nursing practice today. “Every nurse ought to be careful to wash her hands very frequently during the day” p.20 (Nightingale, 1860 & Lim, 2010). Today, the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have strict guidelines for hand washing in nursing practice. In addition, Nightingale’s...
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...Introduction As we glance at the evolution of nursing we begin to realize that the practice of today has been built upon 140 years of research that is responsible for the growth and development of evidenced based practice. This paper will explore several theories from Florence Nightingale to today’s theorist in sequence to visualize the development of our current nursing practice Each theorist has its own unique conceptual model that propels our profession to think differently when applied to our practice. Evidenced based practice is therefore a deliberate, intellectual activity by which the practice of nursing is approached in an orderly, systematic manner also known as the nursing process (Walker & Avant, 2011). Historical Timeline Theories are concepts that have been investigated and developed into theory to guide and explain nursing practice. Florence Nightingale was known as the pioneer of nursing theory, the first nursing theory that focuses on the manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient which has directed nursing practice for 140 years (George, 20011). Nightingale’s theory is based upon the belief that the force for healing resides within the human being and that, if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves. Her 13 canons indicate the areas of environment of concern to nursing including ventilation, warming, health of houses , taking food, bedding, light, cleanliness of rooms and walls...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Bianca Fleming NUR/513 October 8, 2013 Georgia Swank According to George (2011), Nursing science is the substantive, abstract knowledge describing nursing’s unique phenomenon of concern, the integral nature of unitary human beings and their environments (Barrett, 1997, p. 12). Nursing science represents a compilation of theories that began with Florence Nightingale. They provide structure for nursing practice and research, and continue to evolve to meet the needs of the nursing profession. Cody (1997) described nursing science as the essence of nursing as a scholarly discipline (p. 12). In this paper, a timeline of the historic development of nursing science will explain the relationship between nursing science and the profession, and influences of other disciplines. The first nursing theory on manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient was authored by Florence Nightingale in 1859. Unbeknownst to Nightingale, Notes on Nursing (1859), guided nursing practice and continues to do so today even though she never even meant it to be a theory. Then in the 1950s Columbia University’s Teachers College developed graduate level programs to educate nurses for administrative and faculty positions. According to George (2011), “The first theoretical conceptualizations of nursing science came from graduates of these programs.” The graduates, known as theorists, include Peplau, Henderson, Hall, and Abdellah. Their...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Nursing has evolved greatly as a profession. Nursing has become an independent practice with its own theory practice, models and distinct interventions (George, 2011). Through the years, nursing leaders have developed many nursing theories that guide our practice today. Their research and contributions to the nursing profession has shaped our present-day practices. This paper will delineate the historic development of nursing science, focusing on the most widely known and used theories. This paper will also canvass the influences of these concepts in the development of the nursing profession, and multidisciplinary influences. Development of Nursing Science Florence Nightingale (1859) Florence Nightingale is considered the mother of nursing. In 1859, Nightingale published her book Notes on Nursing that has “directed nursing practice for over 150 years” (George, 2011, p. 9). She believed that the force for healing resides within the human being and that if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves” (George, 2011, p. 25). Her environmental theory is a valuable concept, which is the basis of nursing practice today. It is applied in all the fields of nursing. 1950s Theories Hildegard Peplau (1952). Hildegard Peplau introduced her interpersonal theory. Her theory focused on the relationship of the nurse and the patient. She believed that there is growth for each individual- the nurse and the...
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...Nursing Theory Development Stephanie Woina St Joseph’s College of Maine Nursing Theory Development The nursing world is abundant with different theories to guide people through nursing practice. Each theory varies depending on the theorist and their knowledge base in nursing. The nursing profession has grown and changed since the days of Florence nightingale and the stages of nursing theory development reflect this. The initial stage of nursing theory, the silent knowledge stage lasted from the 1860s up until WWII. Once the American Medical Association realized the relationship between nursing and patients’ health, formal training for nurses began in 1872 at the New England Hospital. The training that followed for nurses took place in hospitals and was led by physicians and hospital administrators. This nursing education was very technical and focused on following physician orders without question. The nurses were treated poorly, overworked and looked at as labors to blindly follow a doctor’s lead (McEwen & Wills, 2011). Their scope of practice was very limited during this time, there was no independent thinking and nursing were thought of as subservient to physicians and taught to follow their orders without question. According to Parker and Smith, before World War II nurses did not take blood pressures or give injections because “they did not claim the use of these techniques to facilitate their nursing” (2010, p. 22). While nursing education has evolved...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeli ne Explain the historical development of nursing science by citing specific years, theories, theorist, and event in the history of nursing. 3 POINTS While it is known that the art of nursing has been around for thousands of years, the development of nursing as a science has not. The development of Nursing into a Science was driven by people believed in social reform. Nurses knew that they were providing duties that held the standards of professionalism. Nurses developed a concept that nursing practice should be based on which is person, health, environment and nurse. Next nurses developed the nursing process to guide nurses in practice. felt as though there were providing nurses who created theory from practice. Nurses who used their experience to solve problems in nursing practice. In the early mid twentieth century, around 1850 nurses decided to be recognized as a profession. To become a profession nurses had to be able to derive their knowledge base from science and learning. Nurses needed to express their ideas about the essence of their practice by developing a body of knowledge. Having a body of knowledge provided nursing with credibility from the medicine community. Credibility also provided nurses with trust from Medicine. In the early twentieth century femime values were low. Nurses wanted to define their practice. Nursing understood that their practice was unique and required research to support their theory. In Nurses...
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...1. Theoretical Framework of Dorothea Orem’s Nursing Theory, BSN 2. ……….BSN NUR/513 Theoretical Framework of Dorothea Orem’s Nursing Theory The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of Orem’s theoretical framework and analyze the critical components of the conceptual nursing model. Orem’s Self Care Deficit Theory is widely used in models of nursing. Orem chaired the Nursing Development Conference Group which examined nursing problems and research. Orem’s interest in curriculum development arise ++her interest in formulating a conceptualization of nursing. Theoretical Framework Orem presented her conceptual framework consisting of four concepts about persons and two about nursing and theories derived from this model – the self care deficit theory. The theory of self care, and the theory of nursing system. Concepts in the model are self care, self care agency, self care demand, self care deficit nursing agency, and nursing system (Fitzpatrick & Hall, 2005). Orem sees nursing as a science, technology, art, and a helping service given to a person with a legitimate need for it by nurses who have specialized knowledge and skills. Nurses help clients meet existing or anticipated demands for self care in order to sustain life and health, recover from disease or injury and cope with their effects (Fawcett, 2005). When speaking of nursing, Orem uses the terms nursing and nursing agency. Orem described the human being as an integrated whole composed of an internal physical...
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